Effects of the grinding process on the preparation and qualities of CWS

Two different grinding processes were examined to determine the effect grinding has on the quality of a CWS. A series of slurries was prepared from Australian (Au) and Chinese (YZ) coals. Both types of coal were ground by a Chinese (CUMT) and an Australian (JK) grinding process. The performance tests of the prepared CWS showed that fluidity of all slurries was acceptable. The concentration of the CWS from YZ coal ground by the CUMT grinding process was higher than when the JK grinding process was used. The highest concentration was 70.14% in this case. The concentration of the CWS prepared from Au coal by the JK grinding process was higher than when the CUMT grinding process was used. The highest con- centration in this case was 70.97%. These differences are caused by the particle size distribution devel- oped during the different grinding processes.

Evaluation of auditory working memory in Bharatanatyam dancers

Background:Neuroplasticity is a phenomenon exhibited by our nervous system as an indicator of overall development and in response to training,injury/loss of particular function,treatment/drugs and as a result of stimulation from the surrounding environment.Objective:The aim of the current study was to assess the auditory working memory capacities in Bharatanatyam dancers.Method:The participants comprised fifty-four females with normal hearing sensitivity who belonged to two groups.Group-I consisted of 27 individuals who underwent formal training in Bharatanatyam for a minimum period of three years.Group-II consisted of the age-matched control group,consisting of 27individuals who were non-dancers.The auditory working memory tasks included arranging the English digits presented binaurally in forward,backward,ascending,and descending spans.The maximum values(for the length of sequence arranged),midpoint values(average score),and response time for each task were noted down and compared among groups.Results:The scores were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test,which revealed enhanced working memory exhibited by dancers for maximum values and midpoint scores for all three tasks except ascending span.It was also noted that the dancers exhibited a shorter response time compared to nondancers for all the tasks except ascending span.Conclusion:The current study highlights an enhanced auditory working memory capacity in Bharatanatyam dancers,which could be perceived as evidence of neuroplastic changes induced in the auditory and motor cortex as a consequence of extensive stimulation for auditory processing abilities and motor planning resulting from long-term dance training and regular practice.

Wastewater treatment control method based on a rule adaptive recurrent fuzzy neural network

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to present an on-line modeling and controlling scheme based on the dynamic recurrent neural network for wastewater treatment system.Design/methodology/approach-A control strategy based on rule adaptive recurrent neural network(RARFNN)is proposed in this paper to control the dissolved oxygen(DO)concentration and nitrate nitrogen(SNo)concentration.The structure of the RARFNN is self-organized by a rule adaptive algorithm,and the rule adaptive algorithm considers the overall information processing ability of neural network.Furthermore,a stability analysis method is given to prove the convergence of the proposed RARFNN.Findings-By application in the control problem of wastewater treatment process(WWTP),results show that the proposed control method achieves better performance compared to other methods.Originality/value-The proposed on-line modeling and controlling method uses the RARFNN to model and control the dynamic WWTP.The RARFNN can adjust its structure and parameters according to the changes of biochemical reactions and pollutant concentrations.And,the rule adaptive mechanism considers the overall information processing ability judgment of the neural network,which can ensure that the neural network contains the information of the biochemical reactions.