Thermal processing induced release and degradation of paralytic shellfish toxin from mussels Mytilus edulis

Understanding the risk factors associated with shellfish consumption is a relevant public health concern because of the potential adverse ef fects of paralytic shellfish toxins(PSTs).This work aims to study the effects of the five most common heating treatments(steaming,boiling,frying,water-bath heating,and microwaving),for different processing times and temperature/power settings,on the content of PSTs in mussels(Mytilus edulis)collected in Qinhuangdao,China.The toxin concentration,removal percentages,and toxin distribution in the cooking liquor and meat were examined.The five processing modes effectively accelerated toxin release into the cooking liquor.The average percentage removal was 73.53%±16.50%from tissues.Microwaving led to the most significant toxin degradation among the methods tested.These findings should facilitate risk assessment of PSTs in mussels.

Influence of vibration mode on the screening process

The screening of particles with different vibration modes was simulated by means of a 3D discrete element method (3D-DEM). The motion and penetration of the particles on the screen deck were analyzed for linear, circular and elliptical vibration of the screen. The results show that the travel velocity of the particles is the fastest, but the screening efficiency is the lowest, for the linear vibration mode. The circular motion resulted in the highest screening efficiency, but the lowest particle travel velocity. In the steady state the screening efficiency for each mode is seen to increase gradually along the longitudinal direction of the deck. The screening efficiency increment of the circular mode is the largest while the linear mode shows the smallest increment. The volume fraction of near-mesh size particles at the underside is larger than that of small size particles all along the screen deck. Linear screening mode has more near-mesh and small size particles on the first three deck sections, and fewer on the last two sections, compared to the circular or elliptical modes.

Analysis and Related Suggestions on the Whole Process Engineering Consulting Service Mode at Home and Abroad

This paper first introduces the basic connotation of China’s whole-process engineering consulting.Immediately,analyze the organization model,service procurement model and charging standards of foreign whole-process engineering consulting(international terminology full-life cycle engineering consultant).Second,discuss the government’s role in the development of engineering consulting from two aspects:service management and market access.Finally,combined with the above analysis,the specific problems faced in the implementation process of the whole process engineering consulting are compared.Provide relevant suggestions on how companies and individuals respond to industry development trends.

Measurement, modelling, and closed-loop control of crystal shape distribution： Literature review and future perspectives

Crystal morphology is known to be of great importance to the end-use properties of crystal products, and to affect down-stream processing such as filtration and drying. However, it has been previously regarded as too challenging to achieve automatic closed-loop control. Previous work has focused on controlling the crystal size distribution, where the size of a crystal is often defined as the diameter of a sphere that has the same volume as the crystal. This paper reviews the new advances in morphological population balance models for modelling and simulating the crystal shape distribution （CShD）, measuring and estimating crystal facet growth kinetics, and two- and three-dimensional imaging for on-line characterisation of the crystal morphology and CShD. A framework is presented that integrates the various components to achieve the ultimate objective of model-based closed-loop control of the CShD. The knowledge gaps and challenges that require further research are also identified.

Cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication machining: from mechanism to application

Cutting fluid plays a cooling-lubrication role in the cutting of metal materials.However,the substantial usage of cutting fluid in traditional flood machining seriously pollutes the environment and threatens the health of workers.Environmental machining technologies,such as dry cutting,minimum quantity lubrication(MQL),and cryogenic cooling technology,have been used as substitute for flood machining.However,the insufficient cooling capacity of MQL with normal-temperature compressed gas and the lack of lubricating performance of cryogenic cooling technology limit their industrial application.The technical bottleneck of mechanical-thermal damage of difficult-to-cut materials in aerospace and other fields can be solved by combining cryogenic medium and MQL.The latest progress of cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication(CMQL)technology is reviewed in this paper,and the key scientific issues in the research achievements of CMQL are clarified.First,the application forms and process characteristics of CMQL devices in turning,milling,and grinding are systematically summarized from traditional settings to innovative design.Second,the cooling-lubrication mechanism of CMQL and its influence mechanism on material hardness,cutting force,tool wear,and workpiece surface quality in cutting are extensively revealed.The effects of CMQL are systematically analyzed based on its mechanism and application form.Results show that the application effect of CMQL is better than that of cryogenic technology or MQL alone.Finally,the prospect,which provides basis and support for engineering application and development of CMQL technology,is introduced considering the limitations of CMQL.

The application of iron mesh double layer as anode for the electrochemical treatment of Reactive Black 5 dye

In this work a novel anode configuration consisting of an iron mesh double layer is proposed for the electrochemical treatment of wastewater. The removal of Reactive Black 5 dye（RB5） from synthetic contaminated water was used as a model system. At a constant anode surface area, identical process operating parameters and batch process mode, the iron mesh double layer electrode showed better performance compared to the conventional single layer iron mesh. The double layer electrode was characterized by RB5 and chemical oxygen demand（COD） removal efficiency of 98.2% and 97.7%, respectively, kinetic rate constant of 0.0385/min, diffusion coefficient of 4.9 × 10^（-5）cm^2/sec and electrical energy consumption of 20.53 kWh/kgdye removed. In the continuous flow system, the optimum conditions suggested by Response Surface Methodology（RSM） are： initial solution p H of 6.29,current density of 1.6 m A/cm^2, electrolyte dose of 0.15 g/L and flow rate of 11.47 m L/min which resulted in an RB5 removal efficiency of 81.62%.

Matched localization of a horizontal array in shallow sea

Matched-field processing (MFP) and matched-mode processing (MMP) are passive range and depth source localization technique that have been extensively used in shallow-water nvironments. In this paper a new technique of normal-mode filtering and the simulated results on source localization of a short horizontal array are presented. The results of MMP are compared to those obtained by conventional MFP. The simulated results indicate that for MMP source location the resolution is higher than that of MFP's and the sidelobe rejection is improved, the expense of the computational time is less. The effects of system mismatching are also given.