Producer/Consumer通信模式在ControlNet上的实现

本文主要介绍了Producer/Consumer通信模式的传送原理,以及它是如何通过CTDMA算法在ControlNet上实现的,并说明了ControlNet的组态及网络中的Keeper所发挥的作用。另外,根据使用ControlNet的经验,介绍了在使用ControlNet时应该注意的一些问题。

The Role of Income Structure Improvement in Helping Broaden the Rural Consumer Market

Too large urban-rural gap and weak rural consumption is the most significant problem in rural areas,and also an insurmountable barrier to the process of China's economic development.At the same time,the modernization of agriculture is proposed as the major policy for China to actively solve issues concerning agriculture,countryside and farmers.Using panel data model and taking into account the regional characteristics and time effects of the sample data,we conduct analysis of the farmers'income structure in the five provinces and one city of East China at the upper reaches of economy,and estimate the effects of farmers'income on farmers'consumer spending,in order to find the main channel for improving farmers'consumption.This paper emphasizes the great significance of farmers'consumption improvement to China's economic restructuring and solving the future economic development in the context of current financial crisis.

An Empirical Research of Producer Services＇ Cluster Development To Regional Industrial Structure Optimization And Upgrading --Based on the Research of 16 central cities＇ Panel Data in Yangtze River Delta

Based on the 16 central cities＇ Panel Data in Yangtze River Delta, location quotient index is used in this paper to measure and analyze the current cluster situation of producer services in Yangtze River Delta, fixed effects model of Panel Data model is also used in this paper, and the industrial structure is taken as the dependent variable, while the core explanatory variables is the degree of producer services＇ cluster development, which is calculated by location quotient, moreover, three control variables introduced in this paper and they are technology advantage, education level and R＆D spending, and the mentioned above is to empirically study the impacts of producer services＇ cluster development to the regional industrial structure. As a result, producer services＇ cluster development has a significant positive role in promoting the regional industrial structure optimization and upgrading, though the extent is not yet a big push and is still to be further strengthened. In this paper, it has provided a strong evidence that under China＇ s new normal economy, producer services is badly needed to promote regional industrial structure, and finally it makes specific suggestions based on the current cluster situation of producer services in Yangtze River Delta.

Agricultural Production Structure Optimization: A Case Study of Major Grain Producing Areas, China

A large number of mathematical models were developed for supporting agricultural production structure optimization decisions; however, few of them can address various uncertainties existing in many factors （e.g., eco-social benefit maximization, food security, employment stability and ecosystem balance）. In this study, an interval-probabilistic agricultural production structure optimization model （IPAPSOM） is formulated for tackling uncertainty presented as discrete intervals and/or probability distribution. The developed model improves upon the existing probabilistic programming and inexact optimization approaches. The IPAPSOM considers not only food security policy constraints, but also involves rural households’income increase and eco-environmental conversation, which can effectively reflect various interrelations among different aspects in an agricultural production structure optimization system. Moreover, it can also help examine the reliability of satisfying （or risk of violating） system constraints under uncertainty. The model is applied to a real case of long-term agricultural production structure optimization in Dancheng County, which is located in Henan Province of Central China as one of the major grain producing areas. Interval solutions associated with different risk levels of constraint violation are obtained. The results are useful for generating a range of decision alternatives under various system benefit conditions, and thus helping decision makers to identify the desired agricultural production structure optimization strategy under uncertainty.

Comparison among the Consumption Structures of Different Income Groups of Urban Residents in Guangxi Based on ELES Model

According to the household consumption data of urban residents in Guangxi Statistical Yearbook in the year 2009, the ELES (Extended Linear Expenditure System) is used to analyze the consumption structure, the propensity to consume, and the consumer flexibility of urban residents in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China in the year 2008. Result shows that urban residents in Guangxi has relatively low propensity to consume. And their consumption, especially the middle and low-income families, is mostly concentrated in food, cloth, lodging and other basic necessities of life, which account for more than a half of their income. Based on this, corresponding suggestions are put forward to enlarge the consumption demand of urban residents in Guangxi, such as increasing the regulation of income redistribution, minimizing the gap between the rich and the poor, enhancing the overall consumption level, cultivating the consumption hot spots for the urban residents, and actively guiding the enjoyable consumption.

Trust beyond Technology Algorithms: A Theoretical Exploration of Consumer Trust and Behavior in Technological Consumption and AI Projects

In an era dominated by artificial intelligence (AI), establishing customer confidence is crucial for the integration and acceptance of AI technologies. This interdisciplinary study examines factors influencing customer trust in AI systems through a mixed-methods approach, blending quantitative analysis with qualitative insights to create a comprehensive conceptual framework. Quantitatively, the study analyzes responses from 1248 participants using structural equation modeling (SEM), exploring interactions between technological factors like perceived usefulness and transparency, psychological factors including perceived risk and domain expertise, and organizational factors such as leadership support and ethical accountability. The results confirm the model, showing significant impacts of these factors on consumer trust and AI adoption attitudes. Qualitatively, the study includes 35 semi-structured interviews and five case studies, providing deeper insight into the dynamics shaping trust. Key themes identified include the necessity of explainability, domain competence, corporate culture, and stakeholder engagement in fostering trust. The qualitative findings complement the quantitative data, highlighting the complex interplay between technology capabilities, human perceptions, and organizational practices in establishing trust in AI. By integrating these findings, the study proposes a novel conceptual model that elucidates how various elements collectively influence consumer trust in AI. This model not only advances theoretical understanding but also offers practical implications for businesses and policymakers. The research contributes to the discourse on trust creation and decision-making in technology, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary efforts to address societal challenges associated with technological advancements. It lays the groundwork for future research, including longitudinal, cross-cultural, and industry-specific studies, to further explore consumer trust in AI.

Consumer attitudes towards the mountain product label: Implications for mountain development

To protect and promote the originality and authenticity of mountain foodstuffs, the European Union set Regulation No 1151/2012 to create the optional quality term "mountain product". Our research aimed at exploring the attractiveness of the mountain product label for consumers, considering both attitude towards the label itself and purchase intentions. We propose a model to investigate relationships between four latent constructs-mountain attractiveness, mountain food attractiveness, attitude towards the mountain product label, and purchase intention-which have been tested, thus confirming the statistical relevance of the relationships. All 47 items selected for describing the latent constructs are suitable for this purpose. Ridge and LASSO results also show that 17 items of the first three constructs are relevant in explaining purchase intentions. Some contextual variables, such as age, income, geographical origin of consumers, and knowledge of mountain products and mountains for tourism purposes, can positively influence consumers’ behavior. These findings could support the design of mountain development strategies, in particular marketing actions for both the product and the territory.

Urban Consumer Attitudes to Fresh Produce Safety in China

The objective of this study was to explain the determinants of the fresh vegetables purchase decision by Chinese urban consumers in Beijing including awareness and attitudes to food safety, and their willingness to pay （WTP） more for specific safety characteristics when buying fresh vegetables. The research rationale arises out of a history of food safety scares and scandals in China, and a national government response to promote quality assurance and safety through labelling. The primary hypothesis was that an understanding of food safety systems and product labelling, and trust in supply chain integrity would be key determinants in consumer willingness to purchase and pay more for safety assured vegetables. Based on a questionnaire survey of consumers in Beijing, the analysis found that the major factors underlying the purchase decision of fresh vegetables were product freshness, convenience and competitive price rather than assured product labelling. The decisions whether to purchase assurance-labelled vegetables and WTP more for chemical residue-free product were analysed by binomial and ordinal multinomial logit modelling respectively. It revealed a WTP moreof between 20% and 40%. Monthly household income was a key determinant of both quality assured product and WTP, together with degree of concern over residues, trust in retailer and assurance labels and place of purchase. The results suggest much still remains to be done to build trust though rigorous monitoring and enforcement of food safety standards to improve supply chain integrity and consumer confidence.

Production Chain Length and PPI-CPI Divergence:Analysis Based on the Global Input-output Price Model

Productivity and international energy price shocks are reflected in PPI and CPI via industrial chains.China’s in-depth participation into the global value chains has increasingly lengthened its industrial production chains.The question is how the changing length of production chains will affect CPI and PPI,as well as CPI-PPI correlation?By constructing a global input-output price model,this paper offers a theoretical discussion on the impact of production chain length on the CPI-PPI divergence.Our findings suggest that the price shock of international bulk commodities has a greater impact on China’s PPI than that on CPI.The effects on both China’s PPI and CPI estimated by using the single-country input-output model are higher than the results estimated with the global input-output model.However,the difference between CPI and PPI variations estimated with the global input-output model is greater than the result estimated with the single-country input-output model,which supports the view that the lengthening of production chains,especially international production chains,leads to a divergence between CPI and PPI.Empirical results based on cross-national panel data also suggest that the lengthening of production chains has reduced the CPI-PPI correlation for countries,i.e.the lengthening of production chains has increased the PPI-CPI divergence.That is to say,policymakers should target not just CPI in maintaining price stability,but instead focus on the stability of both PPI and CPI.Efforts can be made to proactively adjust the price index system,and formulate the industrial chain price index.

The Empirical Analysis of Difference of Urban-rural Residents’ Marginal Propensity to Consume

According to the data concerning consumption and income in 55 Years of Statistics Chronicle of New China,China Statistical Yearbook,by using econometric model,this paper expounds the reason of shortage of residents’ consumption demand in China and tests the difference of marginal propensity to consume of China's urban-rural residents.The results show that the urban residents’ marginal propensity to consume is greater than rural residents’ marginal propensity to consume in China,but the urban residents’ marginal propensity to consume tends to decline,while the rural residents’ marginal propensity to consume tends to rise.In terms of urban-rural income structure,consumption structure and consumption of consumer durables,this paper analyzes the reason of the change of urban-rural residents’ marginal propensity to consume,and it can be described from following 3 aspects:first,urban residents’ income is mainly wage and salary,while urban residents’ income is mainly operating net income.The urban residents are conservative towards the expected income,while rural residents are relatively optimistic towards the expected income;second,in comparison with rural residents’ consumption structure,the urban residents’ consumption structure has big proportion of unessential expenditure,so the income elasticity of consumption is big;third,the urban residents’ traditional consumer durables approach saturation,while the rural residents’ traditional consumer durables are still at the period of increase,and the urban residents’ purchase of emerging consumer durables is inhibited,with great fluctuation.Based on research results and actual situation,this paper puts forward that the key of spurring increase of China's consumption demand is to expand consumption demand of rural residents.

Comparative study on consumption behaviors in private car markets between large and medium-small cities in China

With the economic development and the acceleration of motorization in China,the number of private cars increases rapidly in urban areas.However,the limit of urban resources and the contradiction between traffic supply and demand are increasingly prominent in large cities,while private car consumption has been a new "light" in medium and small cities.Consumers' behaviors differ from region to region.Aiming at the above problems,we formulate structural equation modeling and carry out empirical research.In this paper,a comparative study about the main influential factors that affect the consumption of private cars in large and small cities in China is made,and it is hoped that some guidance for policy recommendations can be obtained.

数字经济影响制造业结构优化的机理与实证研究

在剖析数字经济影响制造业结构优化的理论分析的基础上,从生产性服务业集聚视角切入,构建“数字经济-生产性服务业集聚-制造业结构优化”的分析框架,并使用2011~2020年制造业细分行业和各省以及城市制造业相关数据进行实证检验,以考察数字经济对制造业结构优化的影响。研究表明:数字经济能够有效推动制造业结构优化,在进行工具变量法等稳健性检验后结论仍然成立;生产性服务业集聚是数字经济影响制造业结构优化的重要机制,并且这种机制作用更多地通过高技术生产性服务业发挥的集聚效应实现;数字经济对制造业结构优化的影响存在明显的行业和区域异质性。

用能权交易政策对地区产业结构优化升级的影响

中共二十大报告中提及中国现有资源环境约束趋紧、环境污染等问题,而用能权交易政策是中国实现绿色、循环、低碳发展的关键举措,是推进可持续发展和生态文明建设的重大制度创新,那么在生态效益和经济效益的双重考虑下,该政策能否对产业结构产生影响效果?基于此,该研究以用能权交易试点启动为准自然实验,采用31个省份2009—2020年的面板数据,运用双重差分法探究该政策对产业结构优化升级的影响与作用机制。研究结果表明:①整体上看,用能权交易政策能够显著促进产业结构优化升级,对产业结构高级化的促进作用大于对产业结构合理化的不利影响,且在通过一系列平行趋势假设检验、安慰剂检验等稳健性检验后该结论仍成立。②进一步的机制分析表明,用能权政策促进产业结构高级化的实现路径为技术创新水平的提升和能源消费结构的升级,并且该政策通过改善部分产业部门的投入结构和产出结构来抑制对产业结构合理化的不利影响。③异质性分析表明,用能权试点对于产业结构优化升级的影响存在明显的区域异质性显著促进了中西部地区产业结构高级化和东部地区产业结构合理化。由此该研究提出相应建议:在现有用能权交易试点的基础上,深入推进用能权交易市场的建立健全,逐步完善市场的制度建设,建立健全相关法律法规和监管制度;通过增加研发经费投入等方式,切实有效激励产业行业提升技术创新水平,带动产业结构优化升级;有序扩大全国范围内政策试点地区,探索该政策与其他市场化环境规制的协同发展下产业结构优化升级的路径方法。该研究从完善用能权交易市场的角度为产业结构优化升级提供了一定的政策参考。

基于HRP系统的医用耗材精细化管理模式实践探索

目的在医用耗材零加成、疾病诊断相关分组付费改革的实施背景下,探索医用耗材精细化管理模式,为公立医院高质量发展提供保障。方法以北京市某公立三级综合医院为研究对象,基于医院资源规划(Hospital Resource Planning,HRP)系统物资管理模块信息联通形成的数据,以规范临床用耗行为为导向,探索在医院运营管理委员会、医用耗材管理委员会领导下,以物资管理部门为主导,与医务、护理、医保、绩效等管理部门协同联动,以“精细管理、控制成本、优化结构”的理念为主线,对医用耗材目录、医用耗材申领、医用耗材消耗以及医用耗材监测进行精细化管理的模式。比较2023年2-7月与2021年同期的耗材成本、收入结构,来检验基于HRP系统的精细化管理模式的实践成效。结果经实践,该院医用耗材管理相关人员的精细化管理意识提升;2023年2-7月百元医疗收入消耗卫生材料(不含药品收入)相较2021年同期明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),耗材成本控制初见成效;2023年2-7月医院耗占比相较2021年同期明显降低,医疗服务收入占比相较2021年同期明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001),收入结构有所改善。结论基于HRP系统的医用耗材精细化管理模式,可有效控制成本,促进收入结构优化,降低管理风险,可为公立医院耗材控制提供参考。

数字技术进步如何影响我国就业技能结构--基于省级面板数据的研究

本文通过构建2010—2020年省级面板数据,针对数字技术进步与我国就业技能结构之间的关系展开实证研究,分析了消费互联网和工业互联网两类技术对就业技能结构的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)从全国层面来看,消费互联网和工业互联网发展均提升中高技能就业人数占比,降低低技能就业人数占比,数字技术进步总体上促进了我国就业技能结构升级。(2)从影响程度来看,工业互联网发展对就业结构升级的促进作用明显高于消费互联网。(3)从影响方式来看,工业互联网主要通过提升高技能劳动者相对薪资水平促进就业结构升级;而消费互联网在提升高技能溢价的同时也增加中等技能劳动者的相对薪资水平,同时通过提升地区生活成本挤出低技能劳动力。(4)从影响范围来看,消费互联网发展推动就业技能结构升级的影响范围更广,而工业互联网发展的就业技能结构升级作用则集中于中、西部地区。结论的政策含义是,应当持续推进数字技术进步,重视工业互联网技术对就业结构升级的基础作用,同时充分发挥消费互联网的岗位创造作用,各地区在发展数字经济时应注意不同类型数字技术对地区人力资本水平提升效果上的差异,同时加强区域间数字经济一体化建设。

中国主要油茶产区山茶炭疽菌群体遗传结构分析

以中国主要油茶产区的油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel.)炭疽病优势种山茶炭疽菌(Colletotrichum camelliae)的16个地理种群168个菌株为供试材料,应用ISSR分子标记技术进行遗传多样性和种群遗传结构分析。16个地理种群的多态位点百分比(PPB)为98.99%,Nei’s基因多样性指数(He)为0.28,Shannon信息多样性指数(Is)为0.43,遗传相似度(I)平均为0.834,遗传距离(D)平均为0.183,表明山茶炭疽菌遗传多样性水平较高且异质性较强,种群间存在一定程度的遗传变异,遗传距离与地理距离之间无相关性。湖北省、浙江省、江西省、湖南省和广西5个省级种群总基因多样度(Ht)为0.274 8,遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.517 4,基因流(Nm)为0.466 4,表明山茶炭疽菌5个省级种群虽然被分化,但是不存在基因流动现象(Nm<1)。

美国营养项目对中国大豆消费的启示

目的:当前中国大豆产业支持主要集中在生产端,消费端缺乏项目支持,而当前国内大豆产业问题的解决,既要靠提升国内大豆产能,更重要的是优化大豆消费结构,提升国产大豆消费需求。方法:通过研究美国大豆产业支持政策,从政策目标、支出情况、执行情况、执行效果等不同角度揭示了作为美国农业支持支柱项目—营养项目在保障国民营养供应、饥饿改善和健康提升等方面的显著成效,同时对美国经济和工人就业也起到了积极的作用。结果:与美国营养项目支持相比,以豆制品消费为桥梁的国产大豆消费长效稳定机制还未建立,大豆消费支持项目可为低收入、儿童、学生等特殊人群营养健康提供保障,对于当前提升大豆优质农产品消费、促进大豆加工业发展、帮助农民增收、实现大豆消费和生产双赢具有积极作用。结论:建议通过尽快建立保障特殊人群豆制品需求的长短期机制,通过提升国产大豆消费,促进国内大豆产业链的健康发展。

消费者信息素养对社区支持农业(CSA)可持续发展的影响--基于绿色信任的中介效应

信息和生态已经成为推进绿色农业发展的主导要素,提升消费者信息素养和绿色信任则是保障绿色农业发展模式可持续的关键.信息素养分为信息意识、信息知识和信息能力,绿色信任分为能力信任和善意信任.以新型绿色农业发展模式的代表社区支持农业(CSA)为例,基于820份CSA消费者调查问卷研究发现:消费者信息素养,以及消费者信息素养的3个维度对CSA可持续发展均具有正向显著影响;绿色信任在消费者信息素养和CSA可持续发展之间起中介作用;能力信任在消费者信息意识、信息知识和CSA可持续发展之间起中介作用;善意信任在消费者信息能力和CSA可持续发展之间起遮掩作用.因此,推进CSA可持续发展,不仅要提升消费者信息素养,加强生产者对网络、电商、物流等信息技术的应用,而且还要充分发挥社会力量在产销双方之间的桥梁作用,加强政府部门对CSA的制度和经济支持,为提升消费者绿色信任服务.

基于结构-过程-结果模型的医用耗材准入管理及效果分析

目的 评价结构-过程-结果模型在医院医用耗材准入管理中的应用与效果。方法 基于结构-过程-效果模型构建医院医用耗材准入管理体系,选取北京大学第一医院2020年7月—2022年12月准入的医用耗材作为研究对象,从组织结构、过程管理、结果评价三个维度对耗材准入通过率、耗占比、不良事件发生率、医疗纠纷发生率进行结果评价。结果 医用耗材准入管理体系实施后,耗材准入通过率提高(p<0.05);部分科室耗占比明显下降(p<0.05);不良事件发生率下降、未发生因耗材引发的医疗纠纷。结论 结构-过程-效果模型在医用耗材准入管理中取得明显效果,初步实现了耗材准入管理的科学性、规范性、有效性。

收入结构对农村家庭旅游消费的影响:一项实证研究

收入结构是影响农村家庭旅游消费的重要原因之一。文章通过实证研究探讨了收入结构对农村家庭旅游消费的影响。研究发现:第一,收入结构对农村家庭旅游消费的影响方向与程度具有非对称性。第二,当收入增加时,收入结构对农村家庭旅游消费的影响程度为:财产性收入>转移性收入>经营性收入>工资性收入;当收入减少时,影响程度为:经营性收入>财产性收入>转移性收入>工资性收入。第三,当收入增加时,大部分分布在较高分位数水平的边际旅游消费倾向要高于分布在较低分位数水平的边际旅游消费倾向;当收入减少时,大部分分布在较高分位数水平的边际旅游消费倾向要低于分布在较低分位数水平的边际旅游消费倾向。