Amorphous Iridium Oxide-Integrated Anode Electrodes with Ultrahigh Material Utilization for Hydrogen Production at Industrial Current Densities

Herein,ionomer-free amorphous iridium oxide(IrO_(x))thin electrodes are first developed as highly active anodes for proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells(PEMECs)via low-cost,environmentally friendly,and easily scalable electrodeposition at room temperature.Combined with a Nafion 117 membrane,the IrO_(x)-integrated electrode with an ultralow loading of 0.075 mg cm^(-2)delivers a high cell efficiency of about 90%,achieving more than 96%catalyst savings and 42-fold higher catalyst utilization compared to commercial catalyst-coated membrane(2 mg cm^(-2)).Additionally,the IrO_(x)electrode demonstrates superior performance,higher catalyst utilization and significantly simplified fabrication with easy scalability compared with the most previously reported anodes.Notably,the remarkable performance could be mainly due to the amorphous phase property,sufficient Ir^(3+)content,and rich surface hydroxide groups in catalysts.Overall,due to the high activity,high cell efficiency,an economical,greatly simplified and easily scalable fabrication process,and ultrahigh material utilization,the IrO_(x)electrode shows great potential to be applied in industry and accelerates the commercialization of PEMECs and renewable energy evolution.

Impact of material and energy flow variation-based iron /steel ratio on production cost

This paper establishes a model for the production cost of iron and steel enterprise.The variation rule of the production cost versus the iron/steel ratio for two cases, namely,fixed steel production and a fixed amount of molten iron,is analyzed,and the concept of a steel scrap threshold price is proposed.According to the analysis results,when the steel scrap unit price exceeds the steel scrap threshold price, an increase in the iron/steel ratio can reduce the production cost,and vice versa.When the gap between the steel scrap unit price and the steel scrap threshold price is relatively large, the impact of the iron/steel ratio on the production cost is more prominent.According to the calculation example,when steel production is fixed （284 358 t/month）and the steel scrap unit price is 263.2 yuan/t more than the steel scrap threshold price,an increase of 0.01 in the iron/steel ratio causes a monthly production cost reduction of approximately 750 000 yuan （2.63 yuan/t）.When the amount of molten iron is fixed （270 425 t/month）and the steel scrap unit price is 140.7 yuan/t more than the threshold price,an increase of 0.01 in the iron/steel ratio causes a monthly production cost reduction of approximately 430 000 yuan （1.5 yuan/t）.The results indicate that iron and steel enterprise should adjust the production strategy in time when the scrap price fluctuates, and then the production cost will be reduced.

基于数字主线的弹箭产品XBOM数据管理

弹箭产品的多视图物料清单XBOM(X bill of material)是多利益攸关方从不同寿命阶段的结构组成、数据信息以及交互流程等角度对弹箭产品的全方位基础支持文件。对弹箭产品XBOM数据进行管理,统筹管控全寿命周期内的数据,可消除不同寿命阶段相关方、业务及数据间的交互脱节及单向传递,为弹箭产品实现全数字模型供应提供有效数据源支持。为满足面向弹箭产品XBOM数据的有机集成及多方协同需求,提出了基于数字主线的弹箭产品XBOM数据管理体系和方法。通过剖析数字主线框架,提出并建立了基于数字主线的弹箭产品XBOM数据管理体系。以“数据-交互-建模-应用”的体系层次为指导,提出了基于数字主线的弹箭产品XBOM数据管理方法,包含数据组织、数据关联关系分析、数据建模及数据应用。以某型运载火箭结构系统为对象,开发基于数字主线的弹箭产品XBOM数据管理体系并进行了应用验证。文中所提出体系和方法为实现弹箭产品XBOM数据管控、集成及共享提供具体指导,有利于促进我国弹箭产品全寿命周期数据管理系统的发展。

Environmentally‐friendly carbon nanomaterials for photocatalytic hydrogen production

Currently,the energy crisis is the crucial problem faced by the world,and photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))production is recognized with a chance to be a standout amongst those guaranteeing results to this issue.For a long time,photocatalytic H_(2) production has mainly relied on the noble metal cata‐lysts.However,the limitations of noble metals themselves,such as scarcity and high cost,have se‐verely restricted their large‐scale application.Therefore,it is urgent to seek a cheaper,more effi‐cient,and stable catalyst for photocatalytic H_(2) production.Fortunately,the emergence of carbon nanostructured materials(CNMs)has brought dawn.Its excellent structure and semiconductor performance can effectively participate in photocatalytic H_(2) production.CNMs have developed rap‐idly since they appeared in the field of photocatalytic water splitting.Therefore,it is necessary to summarize the latest progress of CNMs promptly for further development.This review introduced the CNMs,including carbon dots,fullerenes,carbon nanotubes,graphene,and graphdiyne,which is a powerful assistant in photocatalytic H_(2) production.CNMs can provide abundant adsorption and active sites,charge separation and transport channels,photocatalysts,co‐catalysts and photosensi‐tizers.Then,this review has introduced the strategy for enhancing CNMs in photocatalytic H_(2) pro‐duction based on recent research.Finally,the challenge faced by CNMs in photocatalytic H_(2) produc‐tion has prospected.

基于BOM的民用大飞机全生命周期业务贯通方法

分析物料清单(BOM)在民用大飞机全生命周期业务活动中的关键作用。通过比较不同BOM数据结构的优势和劣势,研究民用大飞机设计、工艺、制造、服务业务下BOM之间的映射机制。在此基础上实现了民用大飞机全生命周期业务贯通,从而为突破民用大飞机全生命周期业务壁垒、促进民用飞机运营商高效运作提供了新思路。

基于BOM生产的车间排产多约束条件问题研究

随着生产制造业的转型升级,企业对于物料的生产不再是预先生产,更多是根据实时订单生产,针对这一情况,就需要考虑物料的优先生产问题,该研究将“产品物料优于产品先加工生产”作为约束条件之一,在传统遗传算法的基础上,提出对染色体进行二次编码,设计基于BOM(物料清单)的变异算子。从订单完工时间、设备停滞运行时间、两者比值3个维度分析不同的可行方案,给出最优排产计划。实验表明,该改进遗传算法在满足“产品物料优于产品先加工生产”在内的所有约束条件的情况下从3个维度分析后产生了最优排产计划。该算法具有普适性,有较强的参考价值。

Hydrogen Production via Hydrolysis and Alcoholysis of Light Metal-Based Materials:A Review

As an environmentally friendly and high-density energy carrier,hydrogen has been recognized as one of the ideal alternatives for fossil fuels.One of the major challenges faced by“hydrogen economy”is the development of efficient,low-cost,safe and selective hydrogen generation from chemical storage materials.In this review,we summarize the recent advances in hydrogen production via hydrolysis and alcoholysis of light-metal-based materials,such as borohydrides,Mg-based and Al-based materials,and the highly efficient regeneration of borohydrides.Unfortunately,most of these hydrolysable materials are still plagued by sluggish kinetics and low hydrogen yield.While a number of strategies including catalysis,alloying,solution modification,and ball milling have been developed to overcome these drawbacks,the high costs required for the“one-pass”utilization of hydrolysis/alcoholysis systems have ultimately made these techniques almost impossible for practical large-scale applications.Therefore,it is imperative to develop low-cost material systems based on abundant resources and effective recycling technologies of spent fuels for efficient transport,production and storage of hydrogen in a fuel cell-based hydrogen economy.

Optimized algorithm in mine production planning, mined material destination, and ultimate pit limit

An integral connection exists among the mine production planning, the mined material destination, and the ultimate pit limit （UPL） in the mining engineering economy. This relation is reinforced by real information and the benefits it engenders in the mining economy. Hence, it is important to create optimizing algorithms to reduce the errors of economic calculations. In this work, a logical mathematical algorithm that considers the important designing parameters and the mining economy is proposed. This algorithm creates an optimizing repetitive process among different designing constituents and directs them into the maximum amount of the mine economical parameters. This process will produce the highest amount of ores and the highest degree of safety. The modeling produces a new relation between the concept of the cutoff grade, mine designing, and mine planning, and it provides the maximum benefit by calculating the destination of the ores. The proposed algorithm is evaluated in a real case study. The results show that the net present value of the mine production is increased by 3% compared to previous methods of production design and UPL.

典型纺织设备离散制造企业外购件BOM转化

A企业属于典型纺织设备离散制造企业,在采购业务实际运转中,由于部门职能分工不合理、业务流程不完善等问题,导致EBOM向PBOM转化困难。在企业现有条件下,通过部门职能调整、业务流程整改、数据整理、编码以及系统优化多方面探索,实现了企业外购件的BOM转换,为企业后续数字化转型奠定基础。

Trends and advances in the development of coal fly ash-based materials for application in hydrogen-rich gas production:A review

Coal fly ash(FA),a valuable industrial solid residue generated from coal combustion,is composed of various metal oxides and has a high thermal stability.Given that the coal-based energy will continue to account for a significant portion of global electricity generation in the coming years,the lack of effective management strategies exacerbates the threat of FA wastes to the surrounding environment and human health.For a sustainable development,green and renewable hydrogen economy and CO_(2)capture efforts provide appealing opportunities to valorize FA as catalysts and/or sorbents due to their appealing physicochemical properties.Hydrogen applications along with carbon neutrality are potential strategies to mitigate climate change crisis,but high processing costs(catalysts/sorbents)are challenging to realize this purpose.In this context,the utilization of FA not only enhances industrial competitiveness(by reducing manufacturing costs),but also provides ecologically friendly approaches to minimizing this solid waste.This state-of-the-art review highlights a wide-ranging outlook on the valorization of FA as catalysts and sorbents for hydrogen-rich gas production via conventional/intensified processes(CO_(2)/H_(2)O reforming,ammonia decomposition,hydride hydrolysis).The fundamental physicochemical characterizations and hazards/utilization of FA,which significantly affect the FA's utilization in various fields,are first introduced.The influence of several factors(like FA types and catalysis/sorption operation conditions)on the activity performance of FA-based materials is then discussed in detail.This critical review aims to open the window to further innovative ideas regarding the application of different FA residues in other catalytic and sorption processes.

Composite materials for primary aircraft structures:from development phase to high volume production rate

From 1980’s decade,the introduction of carbon composite materials in structural applications has been consistently increased in the successive generations of civil aircraft from Single Aisle to Middle-long Range to achieve a culminant point with more than 50%in structure weight in recent commercial civil aircraft.This evolution,done through successive iterations,has been possible by combining in the same time the improvement of intrinsic composite material performances and its transformation into prepreg production technologies together with the development of new manufacturing process for material lay-up automation at composite shop-floor manufacturer of aircraft composite parts.New challenges are still coming to continuously develop materials and technologies in order to pursue the production more cost-effective composite parts.Associated to higher aircraft production rate for single aisle,new challenges may force material and aircraft designers and producers to furthermore drive new products and processes introduction and new ways of transformation within in next decade of composite aircraft designs.We propose to illustrate these trends using past and recent developments and our return of experience from Hexcel on Civil Aircraft programs.

Unveiling the chemistry behind the electrolytic production of hydrogen peroxide by oxygenated carbon

Oxygenated carbon materials exhibit outstanding electrocatalytic performance in the production of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)through a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction.The nature of the active functional group and underlying reaction mechanism,however,remain unclear.Here,a comprehensive workflow was established to identify the active sites from the numerous possible structures.The common hydroxyl group at the notched edge demonstrates a key role in the two-electron process.The local chemical environment weakens the binding of OOH intermediate to substrate while enhancing interaction with solution,thereby promoting the H_(2)O_(2)production.With increasing pH,the intramolecular hydrogen bond between OOH intermediate and hydroxyl decreases,facilitating OOH desorption.Furthermore,the rise in selectivity with increasing potential stems from the suppression of the four-electron process.The active site was further validated through experiments.Guided by theoretical understanding,optimal performance was achieved with high selectivity(>95%)and current density(2.06 mA/cm^(2))in experiment.

Intercalation Assembly and Chemical Product Engineering of Layered Intercalated Functional Materials Based on Efficient Utilization of Magnesium Resources in Salt Lakes

1 Introduction Magnesium salts are very important by-product of salt lake industry in West China.Nearly 200 million cubic meters of waste brine are released to the environment

Mapping of the Use of Waste as Raw Materials for Biogas Production

Anthropic methane emissions can largely be prevented or minimized using technologies that are already available. One such technology is anaerobic digestion (AD), which is used commercially around the world, especially in Europe and the United States, where some challenging targets have been set to diversify the energy mix with more renewable energy. This foresight study was designed to identify which technological solutions out of the many options available for biogas production are attracting most interest, for which purpose patent documents and scientific publications were analyzed. The aim is to identify which raw materials are most attractive for AD and biogas production. It was found that the raw materials that have attracted most research and patenting activity are sludge, sewage, and wastewater, livestock waste, and agriculture waste, which together account for 62% of all the patents filed and 74% of all the scientific publications. The countries most engaged in producing biogas from AD plants are China, Germany, and the United States. We also identified a rising trend in the use of biogas around the world, and a steady increase in the number of patents filed on the subject, especially in Japan and South Korea. This growth is driven, amongst other things, by strategic governmental actions, global environmental pacts, and the realization on the part of industry that anaerobic digestion can be used as an efficient method for treating waste and effluents.

A salt, detergent, and solvent tolerant protease from <i>Bacillus</i>sp. B001: Low-cost, easy-purified, and enhanced production by raw material based culture strategy

To enhance the protease production and decrease cost, corn flour and soy peptone were screened as cheap raw materials for the production of extracellular proteases by Bacillus strains. Their compositions in the medium suitable for enzyme production of Bacillus sp. B001 were optimized using statistical experiment designs. Under the optimized conditions, the protease production of Bacillus sp. B001 was stable at the stationary stage and reached to 63,200 U/mL, approximately 1.84-fold increase compared with that using the original medium. These improvements could be attributed to the release of the catabolite repression by crude materials corn flour and soy peptone which contained low level of available nutrients. Additionally, a highly pure protease which displayed excellent stability and compatibility with high salinity, commercial laundry detergents, and organic solvents, was rapidly obtained by two-step procedure involving ammonium sulphate precipitation and anion exchange from the fermentation cultures of B001 in the optimized medium. When the culture method applied to other Bacillus strains, their protease yields were all remarkably increased approximately 2.9 to 8.5 folds. In conclusion, a low-cost, easy-purified, and effective producing strategy using the cheap raw materials was developed here, representing a potential application for protease production in various Industrial processes.

Refractory Raw Materials and Products

Shandong Shengquan Chemical Co., Ltd Add： Shengquan Industrial Park, Zhangqiu 250204, Shandong Tel： ＋086-531-83502307 Fax： ＋086-531-83513019 E-mail ： april, tang@ shengquan, com Web： www. shengquanchem, corn

Refractory Raw Materials and Products

Shandong Shengquan Chemical Co. ,Ltd. Add: Shengquan Industrial Park,Zhangqiu 250204,Shandong Tel: + 086-531-83502307 Fax: + 086-531-83513019 E-mail: april. tang@ shengquan. com Web: www. shengquanchem. com Henan Ruishi Investment Croup Co. ,Ltd. Add: Huayuan Caifu Square A-1403,No. 1 Luopu Road,Luoyang 471000,Henan Tel: + 86-379-65286183 Fax: + 86-379-65285889 E-mail: duzude521@ rs-abrasive. com Web: www. rs-abrasive. com Jingzhou Huaxin Mullite Co. ,Ltd. Add: Gantai Industrial Park,Jingzhou County, Huaihua 418403,Hunan,China Tel: + 86-745-8310998 Fax: + 86-745-83109993

Study and application on product design system orienting to optimal utilization of material resources

Product design plays a decisive role in material resource consumption in manufacturing systems. So it is significant to study optimal utilization of material resources of manufacturing system from the perspective of product design. This paper firstly defines concept of product design, then after an analysis of design objectives the author proposes a target system of product design with three subsystems: structural system, functional system, and technical system. Finally, a product design system on Architectural Metal Structure Enterprises is developed and used in light of the great consumption of material resources in Metal Structure Enterprises. The system has got an obvious effect on improving comprehensive optimal using rate of material resources of enterprises, reducing design cycle, improving management of enterprises.