Production evolution patterns and development stage division of waterflooding oilfields

The continuous growth of recoverable reserves in a waterflooding oilfield has a significant impact on the patterns of production evolution. A new production evolution model is established by improving the Weng Cycle model. With the new model, the statistical correspondence between the production decline stage and the reserve-production imbalance is clarified,and the correlation of water cut with the recovery percent of recoverable reserves is discussed, providing quantitative basis of reservoir engineering for dividing development stages of oilfield and defining mature oilfields. According to the statistics of oilfields in eastern China, the time point corresponding to the reserve-production balance coefficient dropping to less than 1dramatically is well correlated the beginning point of production decline, thus the time when the reserve-production balance coefficient drops dramatically can be taken as the initiation point of production decline stage. The research results show that the water cut and the recovery percent of recoverable reserves have a good statistical match in the high water cut stage, and it is more rational to take both the start point of production decline stage and the water cut of 90%(or the recovery percent of recoverable reserves of 80%) as the critical criteria for defining a mature oilfield. Five production evolution patterns can be summarized as follows: growth–peak plateau–stepped decline, growth–stepped stabilizing–stepped decline, growth–stepped stabilizing–rapid decline, growth–peak plateau–rapid decline, and growth–continuous decline.

Time evolution of negative binomial optical field in a diffusion channel

We find the time evolution law of a negative binomial optical field in a diffusion channel. We reveal that by adjusting the diffusion parameter, the photon number can be controlled. Therefore, the diffusion process can be considered a quantum controlling scheme through photon addition.

结构功能主义、法律进化论和法律的自动生成理论——卢曼的法社会学思想评述

卢曼是一位独具匠心的社会法学家。他在帕森斯的社会结构主义思想和管理理论的双重影响下 ,系统地提出了结构功能主义 ,法律进化论和法律的自动生成理论 ,揭示了法律与社会的密切联系和法律发展所具有的相对独立性。这些思想对我国的法学研究和法制建设都极具启发意义。

柯亨与哈贝马斯的历史动力论辨析

柯亨与哈贝马斯分别站在科学主义与人本主义的立场上形成了关于社会历史发展的两种动力论:技术决定论与社会进化论。柯亨基于英美分析哲学的传统从社会变革的普遍法则的运用中推演出技术进步或生产力是社会历史发展的最终动力,形成了以"生产范式"为特点的技术决定论。然而,柯亨的技术决定论面临着一系列困境,它无法完成马克思历史唯物论所肩负的理论融贯性问题与人类解放事业的实践任务。哈贝马斯则基于欧陆人文哲学传统强调道德实践意识结构的变化是理解历史变革的钥匙,在柯亨关心人类技术进步的地方,哈贝马斯则聚焦于交往理性的进化,关注道德-实践的学习过程,从而发展出一种以"实践范式"为特点的社会进化论,不仅在一定程度上继承了亚里士多德的实践智慧的古典意蕴,而且在对历史动力问题的解释上比柯亨的技术决定论更加符合马克思的历史唯物论。