This research study focused on the need to curb scarcity and importation of petroleum finished products in oil-producing nation Nigeria through the operation of conventional modular refineries in conjunction with majo...This research study focused on the need to curb scarcity and importation of petroleum finished products in oil-producing nation Nigeria through the operation of conventional modular refineries in conjunction with major refineries operating efficiently. Hence, the study focused on the suitability and operations of conventional modular refinery processes by considering twenty different types of Nigerian crude oil for crude oil assay analysis and classification using Aspen Hysys. The crude oil assay results categorized the twenty Nigerian crude oil types as light and medium sweet crude, while based on recovery volume percent at a true boiling point of 370℃, the twenty crude oil types were categorized into Group A (crude oil with recovery volume above 80%), Group B (crude oil with recovery volume between 70% and 79%) and Group C (crude oil with recovery volume below 70%) respectively. Besides, light and medium sweet oil types were simulated in a conventional modular refinery (topping plant) at different numbers of column trays (25, 29, 35, 40 and 48) to determine their product yield. Based on product yield and equipment costs at different numbers of tray columns, a modular refinery with twenty-nine column trays was applied in this study. Thus, twenty Nigerian crude oil types were simulated in a conventional modular refinery of 30,000 barrel per day capacity and twenty-nine column trays respectively to evaluate their product yield and tray compositions.展开更多
Indeed,there is some evidence the government’s stimulus package is producing results.Investment of cotton textile industry shows recovery progress and production remains stable.
The awareness of the problem of the scarcity of water of high quality has strongly changed the approach of wastewater treatment.Currently,there is an increasing need for the beneficial reuse of treated wastewater and ...The awareness of the problem of the scarcity of water of high quality has strongly changed the approach of wastewater treatment.Currently,there is an increasing need for the beneficial reuse of treated wastewater and to recover valuable products and energy from the wastewater.Because microbiological treatment methods are,only to a limited part,able to satisfy these needs,the role and significance of physical/chemical processes in wastewater treatment are gaining more and more interest.The specific future role and aim of the various physical/chemical treatment processes can be categorized in five groups:improvement of the performance of microbiological treatment processes,achievement of the high quality required for reuse of the effluent,recovery of valuable components and energy from the wastewater for beneficial reuse,desalination of brackish water and seawater,and treatment of concentrated liquid or solid waste residues produced in a wastewater treatment process.Development of more environmentally sustainable wastewater treatment chains in which physical/chemical processes play a crucial role,also requires application of process control and modeling strategies.This is briefly introduced by the elaboration of treatment scenarios for three specific wastewaters.展开更多
文摘This research study focused on the need to curb scarcity and importation of petroleum finished products in oil-producing nation Nigeria through the operation of conventional modular refineries in conjunction with major refineries operating efficiently. Hence, the study focused on the suitability and operations of conventional modular refinery processes by considering twenty different types of Nigerian crude oil for crude oil assay analysis and classification using Aspen Hysys. The crude oil assay results categorized the twenty Nigerian crude oil types as light and medium sweet crude, while based on recovery volume percent at a true boiling point of 370℃, the twenty crude oil types were categorized into Group A (crude oil with recovery volume above 80%), Group B (crude oil with recovery volume between 70% and 79%) and Group C (crude oil with recovery volume below 70%) respectively. Besides, light and medium sweet oil types were simulated in a conventional modular refinery (topping plant) at different numbers of column trays (25, 29, 35, 40 and 48) to determine their product yield. Based on product yield and equipment costs at different numbers of tray columns, a modular refinery with twenty-nine column trays was applied in this study. Thus, twenty Nigerian crude oil types were simulated in a conventional modular refinery of 30,000 barrel per day capacity and twenty-nine column trays respectively to evaluate their product yield and tray compositions.
文摘Indeed,there is some evidence the government’s stimulus package is producing results.Investment of cotton textile industry shows recovery progress and production remains stable.
文摘The awareness of the problem of the scarcity of water of high quality has strongly changed the approach of wastewater treatment.Currently,there is an increasing need for the beneficial reuse of treated wastewater and to recover valuable products and energy from the wastewater.Because microbiological treatment methods are,only to a limited part,able to satisfy these needs,the role and significance of physical/chemical processes in wastewater treatment are gaining more and more interest.The specific future role and aim of the various physical/chemical treatment processes can be categorized in five groups:improvement of the performance of microbiological treatment processes,achievement of the high quality required for reuse of the effluent,recovery of valuable components and energy from the wastewater for beneficial reuse,desalination of brackish water and seawater,and treatment of concentrated liquid or solid waste residues produced in a wastewater treatment process.Development of more environmentally sustainable wastewater treatment chains in which physical/chemical processes play a crucial role,also requires application of process control and modeling strategies.This is briefly introduced by the elaboration of treatment scenarios for three specific wastewaters.
