Identifying multi-component drug candidates in natural products via association rule mining

OBJECTIVE To identify compound combinations as candidate multi-component drugs for the type 2 diabetes from natural product information.METHODS Chemical composition information of herbs in natural medicine was acquired by integrating conventional databases;Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Database(TCM-ID)and Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database(TCMID).Therapeutic effect of each herb on the type 2 diabetes was examined by analyzing annotated function information with a text-mining method.The Apriori algorithm,which is a classical method for extracting associations between object in large-scale databases,was employed to infer association rules between compound combinations and therapeutic effect on the target disease.The chemical composition and therapeutic information of each herb was used as a transaction,which consists of the chemical compound combination as an antecedent item set and the therapeutic effect as a consequent item.The association rules with high support and confidence value were suggested as candidate multi-component drugs for the type 2 diabetes.RESULTS Totally 40 941 association rules were inferred with support lower bound 0.05% and maximum rule length 4.With respect to support and confidence,the top-ranked compound combination was puerarin and daidzin(support=0.15%,confidence=100%).In addition,the top 16 compound combinations were composed of 11 individual chemical compounds;puerarin,daidzin,abscisic acid,batatisine,dopamine,cholesterol,daidzein,gamma-aminobutyric acid,stigmasterol,campesteryl ferulate,and campesterol.To validate therapeutic effect of the proposed compound combinations,literature evidences of each individual compound were investigated.Among the 11 individual compounds,six compounds were reported to be effective for the treatment of the diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION By analyzing natural product in formation with association rule mining,16 compound combinations are suggested as candidate multi-component drugs for the type 2 diabetes.These compound combinations are recommended for further investigation in the context of drug development.

Romanian legal management rules limit wood production in Norway spruce and beech forests

Background： The quantitative impact of forest management on forests＇ wood resource was evaluated for Picea and Fagus mixed forests. The effects on the productivity of tendering operations, thinnings and rotation length have seldom been directly quantified on landscape scale. Methods： Two sites of similar fertility but subject to contrasted forest management were studied with detailed inventories： one in Germany, the other in Romania, and compared with the respective national forest inventories. In Romania, regulations impose very long rotations, low thinnings and a period of no-cut before harvest. In contrast, tending and thinnings are frequent and intense in Germany. Harvests start much earlier and must avoid clear cutting but maintain a permanent forest cover with natural regeneration. While Germany has an average annual wood increment representative for Central Europe, Romania represents the average for Eastern Europe. Results： The lack of tending and thinning in the Romanian site resulted in twice as many trees per hectare as in the German site for the same age. The productivity in Romanian production forests was 20 % lower than in Germany despite a similar fertility. The results were supported by the data from the national forest inventory of each country, which confirmed that the same differential exists at country scale. Furthermore, provided the difference in rotation length, two crops are harvested in Germany when only one is harvested in Romania. The losses of production due to a lower level of management in Romania where estimated to reach 12.8 million m3.y-1 in regular mountain production forests, and to 15 million m3.y-1 if managed protection forest is included. Conclusions： The productivity of Picea and Fagus mountain forests in Romania is severely depressed by the lack of tending and thinning, by overly long rotations and the existence of a 25-years no-cut period prior to harvest. The average standing volume in Germany was 50 % lower than in Romania, but the higher harvesting rate resulted in more than doubling wood production. Considering the mitigation effects of climate change by forests, it emerges that the increase in standing volume of forests in Romania is smaller than the additional harvest in Germany which serves fossil fuel substitution.

The Evolutionary Rules of Production System

The competition among modem enterprises has been converted from products to capability. As the basis of competition, production system can＇t win the market unless it takes advantage of its capability in competition. Here in this article, the evolutionary rules of production system contributing to the establishment, renovation, reform, invention and promotion of the production of modem enterprises are observed.

Improving Rule Base Quality to Enhance Production Systems Performance

Production systems have a special value since they are used in state-space searching algorithms and expert systems in addition to their use as a model for problem solving in artificial intelligence. Therefore, it is of high importance to consider different techniques to improve their performance. In this research, rule base is the component of the production system that we aim to focus on. This work therefore seeks to investigate this component and its relationship with other components and demonstrate how the improvement of its quality has a great impact on the performance of the production system as a whole. In this paper, the improvement of rule base quality is accomplished in two steps. The first step involves re-writing the rules having conjunctions of literals and producing a new set of equivalent rules in which long inference chains can be obtained easily. The second step involves augmenting the rule base with inference short-cut rules devised from the long inference chains. These inference short-cut rules have a great impact on the performance of the production system. Finally, simulations are performed on randomly generated rule bases with different sizes and goals to be proved. The simulations demonstrate that the suggested enhancements are very beneficial in improving the performance of production systems.

相变:生产方式如何塑造财产规则

当前关于数字时代财产权利的讨论持续不断,基本上可以分为两种类型:一种是针对较为具体的虚拟物品(如信息内容、游戏装备、账号、数据、虚拟币等),在特定场景中沿着既有法律框架或概念进行分析;一种则试图在原理上阐明数字时代究竟何种对象能够适用财产规则进行更好的保护,以及这种财产规则的构成要件为何,如按照“权利束”或“模块化”框架加以应用。有必要转换角度提问,即成熟的财产权利制度出现,不是因为法律研究主张为何种事物或利益赋予财产权就能自动实现,而是赋权的外部环境成熟了,才会催生相关利益主体提出主张,并推动相关利益在法律上得到确认和保护。违背生产秩序的产权结构和财产规则不可能出现在数字时代,在生产方式进行巨大调整时,财产规则和其他部门法律规则一样,都面临着双重历史任务:一是“破”,即挑战并打破传统制度,允许要素超越既有生产过程低成本流动;一是“立”,即根据生产方式要求树立反映特殊性的新制度,重新商定哪些要素和利益允许参与者继续占有和使用,划定边界。

Research efforts to improve performance of production systems

In order to solve the problem of low efficiency of production systems, a lot of work has been done. The research efforts to improve the performance of production systems are summed up here and future research directions are discussed at last.

论新质生产力的法治保障

新质生产力的蓬勃发展在提升经济效益的同时,也对传统的治理机制提出了挑战。法治作为平衡创新与风险的制度天平,以特殊规则规范和引领创新事业。法治涵摄新质生产力的发展进程,能有效推动共同富裕、鼓励开拓创新、矫正不公平的竞争格局。法治坚守新质生产力发展权这一底层逻辑,实现对企业、研发人员和国家自主创新的正向激励。明确的规则清单、向善的价值理念和社会本位价值立场,为防范化解发展新质生产力可能引发的系统性风险提供了可行方案。

数字经济制度型开放驱动新质生产力加快形成:机制、挑战与路径

新质生产力的加快形成需要制度型开放作为政策保障,而数字经济制度型开放则是其中的关键环节。文章首先梳理了新质生产力的基本特征与数字内涵,明确并介绍了数字经济制度型开放的概念、内容和具体实践。其次,针对数字经济制度型开放的内容,从数字规则对接、数字规制与管理加强、数字标准建立和国际化三个方面分析了其对新质生产力加快形成的推动作用。最后,基于政策引导与激励机制覆盖较低、数据法律基础不全、数据要素市场化配置不足、数据产权与收益分配制度政策供给缺乏、国际合作不畅等挑战,提出数字经济制度型开放驱动新质生产力加快形成的针对性政策建议。

ViP设计法则指导下的洗鼻器设计研究

以ViP设计法则为指导,以洗鼻器设计为切入点,依据ViP设计法则中的理论模型,解构洗鼻器设计的产品层、交互层与情境层,预设未来变应性鼻炎患者的鼻腔护理情境,并提出构建未来变应性鼻炎患者洗鼻器护理产品的设计策略框架,展开健康干预设计,完成洗鼻器设计实践。该设计能够为未来医疗健康产品的研究提供新的设计思路。

论新质生产力的经济法促进——以人形机器人创新发展为例

作为通用人工智能技术应用的理想载体,人形机器人技术及产品不仅需要新质生产力为支撑,而且随着相关基础技术集成创新的跃升,其有望成为我国新质生产力发展的重要引擎。从发展新质生产力的视角看,人形机器人产业虽然在我国得到了一定重视,但是仍面临有效市场和有为政府间价值与功能需进一步适配、技术发展和应用中安全风险与漏洞需解决、经济创新发展目标与市场公平竞争秩序待协调等经济问题。为此,聚焦发展新质生产力的经济法治时代内涵,重视经济法推动新质生产力对人形机器人创新发展的促进作用,坚持以创新发展为目标、以安全可控为底线、以公平竞争为支撑、以包容开放为保障,推动负责任人形机器人技术及应用的高质量发展。建议以统筹好高质量发展与高水平安全的动态平衡为前提,构建多元共商共建共享的治理体系,全面准确理解系统观念,以激励创新为导向,以市场公平竞争为支撑,建立和完善容错机制,有效促进人形机器人在包容开放的全球合作生态中创新发展。

基于故障树和产生式规则的故障诊断专家系统设计

[目的]为充分运用核动力装置的运行管理经验辅助核动力操纵人员进行故障诊断,设计一种船用核动力装置故障诊断专家系统。[方法]首先,根据故障树与产生式规则之间的逻辑一致性,提出一种将故障树知识转化为产生式规则的方法;然后,对采用正、反向混合推理方法的专家系统知识库和推理机进行优化设计,并依据故障树最小割集和重要度分析结果设计正向推理策略以简化推理流程;最后,根据人工对故障状态判断的思路设计状态监测模块,实时采集关键设备参数以转化为专家系统可识别的设备信息。[结果]结果显示,采用所提方法可解决专家系统知识获取困难的问题,能在保证推理准确度的前提下提升推理效率,实现了专家系统的在线故障诊断功能。[结论]研究表明采用所提方法可提升专家系统获取知识的能力和推理效率,对保障核动力装置的运行管理安全具有重要意义。

为形成新型生产关系提供数据法治保障

随着大数据、人工智能等数字技术的飞速发展与广泛应用,数据已成为推动经济社会发展的重要驱动力。数据不仅成为一种新型生产要素,而且还引发传统生产模式和生产主体关系发生变革,因此,必须形成与之相适应的新型生产关系。在此背景下,形成新型生产关系需要遵循数据法治逻辑,建立明晰的数据产权制度、合理的数据流通制度和公正的数据权益分配制度。为此,有必要制定综合性的数据法律规范、建立跨部门协同的数据治理机制、推动数据技术的负责任创新和构建数字化的权利救济机制。

RCEP视域下我国农产品营商环境法治化建设研究

党的二十大报告指出,要加强重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法,统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治,以良法促进发展、保障善治。深入分析农产品营商环境法治化的意义和目标导向发现,目前农产品营商环境法治化面临绿色壁垒和技术壁垒、诉讼机制和非诉机制选择等贸易壁垒和政策差异。我国应在“互信合作”原则下打破农产品贸易壁垒,积极参与规则谈判,争取制度优势,重视贸易救济效果,实现政策间协调。同时,健全农产品跨境贸易法治体系,探索纠纷解决新机制,强化农产品听证制度实施与知识产权领域保护,打造专业化涉外法治人才队伍。

零件加工隐性工艺知识获取方法研究

随着制造业数字化工艺的深入应用,如何高效利用积累的工艺知识,已成为提升工艺设计效率与质量的关键,然而隐性工艺知识却存在难以获取、描述与转化的技术瓶颈,严重阻碍智能化工艺设计模式推广。为此,提出了一种复杂零件加工的隐性工艺知识获取方法。首先,利用等宽法对结构化工艺数据进行离散化处理,构建基于文本挖掘的隐性工艺知识获取流程,并通过产生式规则对隐性工艺知识表达;然后,基于案例推理和规则推理融合的知识推理方法,并采用最近邻算法实现隐性工艺知识的识别;最后,以船用柴油机缸盖类复杂加工零件为验证对象,对加工隐性工艺知识获取方法进行了有效验证。

数字贸易规则对“一带一路”国家ICT产品出口的影响研究

数字贸易规则是驱动“一带一路”国家ICT产品出口的关键力量。本文利用2000~2023年间123个国家的双边数据,结合社会网络分析法,揭示了数字贸易规则网络结构的变化,并构建了衡量其广度和深度的指标。研究发现,在考虑内生性问题并进行稳健性检验后,数字贸易规则广度和深度的提升显著促进了“一带一路”国家ICT产品出口,主要通过缩小境内监管质量差异、降低境外贸易成本等渠道改善数字贸易环境。异质性分析表明,在规则特征层面,贸易方式数字化规则效应更为显著;在贸易关系层面,签署数字贸易规则对贸易关系疏远国家尤为有利;在网络节点结构权力层面,缔约国度数中心度强化了数字贸易规则的积极效应。进一步研究还发现,数字贸易规则的影响呈现出非线性特征,随着缔约国数字基础设施差异扩大,其效应呈现出“强促进-弱促进-牵制”的轨迹。本文丰富了“把规则标准‘软联通’作为共建‘一带一路’重要支撑”思想的理论研究,对发展中国家如何开展数字贸易规则谈判、加快ICT产品发展提供了实证参考和政策启示。

新质生产力视域下云计算数据迁移的现实困境与法律应对

云计算不仅是数字经济发展的基础设施,还是促进新质生产力发展的核心推力。欧盟生效的《数据法》对用户的云数据迁移和服务转换权益提供了高水平的法律保障。而我国目前的法律法规对云计算的规定尚不充分,云计算涉及的数据迁移特殊问题更缺乏充分、系统的法律规范。云服务商制定的数据迁移服务规则和协议对用户权利有决定性的影响。除了政府部门的政务云服务合同,云服务商通常利用其优势地位设定显失公平的格式条款,致使用户数据迁移权受限、迁移数据安全难以保障、数据被动迁移、难以寻求法律救济。为规避上述云数据迁移法律风险,制定一般用户数据迁移服务规则时应明确数据迁移权的原则和范围,确立云服务商的安全保障法定义务,完善服务规则与协议关于用户数据迁移的约定,并在政务云数据迁移合同中加大对系统兼容性的法律关照与权益保护,以促进各大云服务商之间的良性竞争,保障一般用户的数据迁移权益。

基于先验算法的服装生产流水线设计优化

针对服装生产线员工变动频繁、技能熟练度不一致以及设备布局受限等造成的流水线部件逆流和不平衡问题,提出了一种基于先验算法的服装生产工序组合关联规则挖掘方法,以优化流水线设计。根据服装工艺和生产特点提出了工序编码方法,通过改进Apriori算法来挖掘用于流水排布的生产工序关联规则,建立了以逆流情况和流水线平衡为约束的评判指标,通过工序内容与评判指标进行流水线优化排布。结果表明:优化后的流水线完全避免了零部件在路径上的传递损失,流水线的排布效率提高了20%,线内工位平均均衡比相较于原有产线提高了20%,排布内容更切合工厂生产实际环境和经验要求。使用该方法挖掘工序关联组合具有较好的可靠性,工序组合的应用有利于提升流水线排布的实际意义。

农产品区块链溯源系统基于关联规则的消费者信任研究

农产品区块链溯源系统能够有效降低传统溯源系统中溯源信息失效风险,保障农产品安全。但在实际应用中也面临着消费者信任难以建立的问题,严重阻碍了区块链技术在农产品行业的普及和发展。本文利用内容分析、机器学习和关联规则方法,基于期望违背理论,探讨了溯源系统中消费者信任的影响因素及其作用机制。研究发现,农产品区块链溯源系统的信息认证和技术特性能够提升消费者的信任水平。此外,消费者期望违背、农产品地理标志和产品类别在系统特性与消费者信任之间起到显著的调节作用。本文拓展了区块链溯源场景下消费者信任的相关研究,同时也为区块链在农产品溯源领域的进一步落地应用提供新思路。

中欧混凝土产品生命周期评价规则差异研究

标准是为保障产品生命周期环境信息的量化活动规范而制定的基础性支撑文件。文中梳理了中欧建材产品生命周期评价标准体系架构和生命周期的阶段划分,围绕功能单位、参考使用寿命、系统边界、碳化、数据质量要求、取舍类别、环境影响类别等方面,分析了中欧混凝土产品生命周期评价规则之间的差异。

中国对RCEP伙伴国数字产品出口的新特征、新挑战与优化路径

《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)的生效实施推动亚太区域经济一体化建设迈入了新阶段。文章采用2005—2021年中国数字产品出口数据,从出口规模、出口结构和出口技术复杂度等维度对中国出口RCEP伙伴国数字产品的新特征进行了深入分析,结果发现,中国数字产品出口规模不断扩大,出口产品技术含量也有所提升。但同时中国数字产品的出口结构有待进一步优化,在产品结构上偏向于信息通信技术服务和其他商业服务,高附加值的金融服务、知识产权服务等领域的出口规模相对较低;在地区结构上高度集中于日本和新加坡,对其他东盟国家的数字产品出口量偏低。此外,中国数字产品出口还面临数字核心技术“卡脖子”、数字产品贸易保护规则不完善等诸多新挑战。因此,未来中国应以RCEP生效实施为契机,从促进数字产品出口升级,推动数字核心技术革命性突破,共建数字贸易规则、完善数字产品安全保障体系等多方面入手,全方位推动中国数字产品高质量出口。