Analysis on Scale, Level and Structure of China-Kazakhstan Intra-Industry Trade of Energy Products-Based on Silk. Road Economic Zone as Strategic Background

论文依次从规模、水平、结构三个角度,分析1999年-2014年中国与哈萨克斯坦能源产品产业内贸易发展状况D 结果表明：中哈能源产品贸易规模扩大,但以产业间贸易为主,产业内贸易集中于石油产品,其中垂直型产业内贸易占主要地位,能源产品产业内贸易有较大提升空间D 在此基础上对中哈能源产品产业内贸易影响因素进行探究,考察经济规模、收入差异、贸易公平程度、外商直接投资等四个因素对产业内贸易的影响,为发展中哈能源贸易提供实证依据及合理建议.

Impacts of Changing Climate on Maize Production in the Transitional Zone of Ghana

This study sought to assess the challenges and opportunities that come with climate change and variability impacts on maize farming in the Nkoranza South Municipality in the Transitional Zone of Ghana. The mixed method approach (qualitative and quantitative) was used in collecting the data. Rainfall data obtained from the Ghana Meteorological Agency (GMet) indicated that the dry cell between the major and minor rainy seasons was getting wetter and the two seasons were gradually merging whereas the first and last quarters of the year were getting drier over the last couple of decades. The situation over the last five years (2010-2015) had worsened as the amount of total rainfall had reduced by 22% compared to the 30 year period between 1960 and 1982. The results of the study showed that farmers had perceived changes in climate in the form of decreasing rainfall, rising air temperatures and seasonal changes in rainfall pattern which were affecting their maize farming operations. The major setbacks within the area were deficit in rainy days and intermittent erratic rainfall affecting maize production. The major opportunity available to farmers in the face of changing climate in this agroecological zone was cashew production. About 76.8% of the respondents had diversified into cashew farming as a result of rainfall failure and strong resistance of the cashew trees to changing and variable climate.

National Protection Zone for Rapeseed Production and Industrial Cluster of Rape in Hubei Province

Hubei Province is the main winter rapeseed producing area in China,and has the national advantage and characteristic industrial cluster of rape.The protection zone for the production of important agricultural products of rapeseed in Hubei Province also ranks first as that in Hunan Province.This paper studied the winter rape industry,the important agricultural product production protection zone of rapeseed,the provincial double-low high-quality rape protection zone and the industrial cluster of rape in Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province,and analyzed the main problems existing in the development of rapeseed production protection zone and industrial cluster of rape.Finally,it came up with strategies including promoting national rape varieties,overcoming the problem of rape"agricultural chip",promoting the"rice+rape"rotation model,and strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights of brand marks.

Development and prospect of separated zone oil production technology

This article outlines the development of separated zone oil production in foreign countries,and details its development in China.According to the development process,production needs,technical characteristics and adaptability of oilfields in China,the development of separate zone oil production technology is divided into four stages:flowing well zonal oil production,mechanical recovery and water blocking,hydraulically adjustable zonal oil production,and intelligent zonal production.The principles,construction processes,adaptability,advantages and disadvantages of the technology are introduced in detail.Based on the actual production situation of the oilfields in China at present,three development directions of the technology are proposed.First,the real-time monitoring and adjustment level of separated zone oil production needs to be improved by developing downhole sensor technology and two-way communication technology between ground and downhole and enhancing full life cycle service capability and adaptability to horizontal wells.Second,an integrated platform of zonal oil production and management should be built using a digital artificial lifting system.Third,integration of injection and production should be implemented through large-scale application of zonal oil production and zonal water injection to improve matching and adjustment level between the injection and production parameters,thus making the development adjustment from"lag control"to"real-time optimization"and improving the development effect.

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESENT PRODUCTIVITY FOR CULTIVATED LAND IN THE FARNMING-PASTORAL ZONE OF INNER MONGOLIA

In this article, the distribution of cultivated land, the changes ofcultivated land productivity, and regional differentiation of the Change forpresent productivity in the Farming-Pastoral Zone, Inner Mongolia arediscussed. Then, the close relationship between dynamic characterlsticsdivision and atmospheric circulation systems is revealed. Finally, based ondynamic characteristics, four regions are divided, including thenortheastem area, the eastern area, the western area, and the middle area.

FLUCTUATION OF AGROCLIMATIC ZONES AND ITS IMPACT ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN CHINA

Accumulated temperature above 100℃ (Σ t) and minimum annual temperature (Tm) are the major indexes for demarcating agroclimatic thermal zones. The paper calculated the return period (τ) of Σ t and Tm, and the shift ofΣ t-and Tm-isopleths with T. The results show: (1) According to the magnitude of shift of Σ t-and Tm-isopleths, in Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and northern Xinjiang the fluctuation of thermal resources in growing season from year to year is the greatest and strongly impacts the yield of annual thermophilous crops, but in the Changjiang River basin the fluctuation of the low temperature in winter is the greatest and seriously injures the perennial subtropical tree crops. ( 2) In the anomalous cool summer year with t = 30, the northern boundaries of the southern subtropical, northern subtropical and warm temperate zones and the southern boundary of the frigid temperate zone in China could be expected to shift southward 150, 220, 250 and 300 km from their normal positions,

Influence of Climatic Change on Rice Production in Anqing Zone

[Objective] The research aimed to study the influence of climatic variation on rice production in Anqing zone.[Method] Based on temperature and precipitation data in rice growth period (May-November) during 1980-2009,by using five-year sliding average method,the moving average charts of temperature and rainfall were made.The variation characteristics of main factors (temperature and precipitation) which affected rice growth were analyzed.By using line moving average simulation method,the climatic yield was separated,and the influence of climatic factor on rice yield in Anqing zone was analyzed.[Result] In recent 30 years,the temperature presented rise trend in rice growth period in Anqing zone.Started from 1993,the rise was obvious.But the rainfall had decline trend,and the rainfall was stable after 2000.These were the climatic background for that rice yield had a wave of quick increase after 2000.Seen from the separated results of trend yield and meteorological yield,the variation range of relative meteorological yield was big,and the maximum yield reduction reached 27.5%.In recent 30 years,there were four yield reduction years.The relationship between meteorological yield of rice and temperature was positive correlation except in September.The excessive rainfall in the rice harvest period had unfavorable influence on rice yield.The drought was the main meteorological agricultural disaster which affected rice yield in the zone.[Conclusion] The research provided the theoretical basis for improving grain yield in Anqing zone.

基于Spherizone工艺的聚丙烯产品结块问题浅析及对策

针对Spherizone工艺中多区反应器内物料结块问题,通过分析静电结块、物料循环不充分、下降段吹扫不合理、反应器出料控制阀响应时间设定不合理、反应器内局部丙烯液化和单体原料含杂质、催化剂活性突变等6个方面的主要原因,提出了相应的改善措施。其中,包括调整Atmer163的流量、增加静电仪和超声波检测装置、优化出料控制阀响应时间、监控提升段压差等措施。通过这些措施的综合应用,可以有效地减少结块问题,提高反应器的稳定性和生产效率。

Choice of Site for the Installation of Photovoltaic Solar Power Plants in Senegal: Consequences on Electricity Production

A theoretical analysis of the electricity production of a photovoltaic solar power plant of 22 MW for different sites in Senegal is presented. The study is carried out in two coastal regions (Dakar and Saint-Louis) and two continental regions (Mbacké and Linguère). This study is done using the RET Screen clean energy project management software climate data. The amount of electricity exported to the grid is calculated for each site. The results show that the climatic conditions of the coastal and continental regions are different from November to June. From July to October, which corresponds to the rainy season in Senegal, the climatic conditions of the coastal and continental regions are similar. The results also show that although the efficiency of photovoltaic modules is better on the coast, electricity production varies little from one site to another. Climate conditions in Senegal therefore have no impact on electricity production.

A sand production prediction model for weak sandstone reservoir in Kazakhstan

Weakly consolidated reservoirs are prone to sand production problem,which can lead to equipment damages and environmental issues.The conditions for sand production depend on stresses and properties of rock and fluid.Accurate sand volume estimation is,however,still a challenging issue,especially for reservoirs in weak formations.The weak reservoirs containing viscous or heavy oil are mainly discovered in shallow depths in Kazakhstan,with moderate temperature and pressure.Many prediction models developed for open-hole completions where the reservoir materials usually possess certain strength are not applicable for the local reservoirs where the materials are significantly weaker even if casing is used to support the wellbore with oil produced through the perforation tunnels.In this context,a prediction model was proposed where the volume of the produced sand was estimated as the volume of the plastic zone of the failed materials surrounding the perforation tunnels.The model assumes an evolving truncated conical shape for the damage zone and takes into account stress distributions and shear failure in this zone.Then,the proposed model was used to estimate sand volumes in 20 wells during oil production with sequential increase of flow rates.The predictions match well with the measured sand volumes in a local oil field.Finally,a sensitivity analysis was conducted on the model performance.It shows that the permeability of the plastic zone was the most significant controlling factor in the prediction results.

Comparative study on production,purification of penicillin by Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from soil and citrus samples

Objective:To explore various unexplored locations where Penicillium spp.would be available and study the production of penicillin from the isolated Penicillium spp.in different media with altered carbohydrate source.Methods:The collected soil samples were screened for the isolation of Penicillium chrysogenum(P.chrysogenum) by soil dilution plate.The isolated Penicillium species were further grown in different production media with changes in the carbohydrate source.The extracted penicillin from various isolates was analyzed by HPLC for the efficacy of the product.Further the products were screened with various bacterial species including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).And the work was extended to find the possible action on MRSA,along with characterization using other pathogens.Results:From the various soil and citrus samples used for analysis,only the soil sample from Government General Hospital of Bangalore,India,and Sanjay Gandhi Hospital,Bangalore,India,showed some potential growth of the desired fungi P.chrysogenum.Different production media showed varied range of growth of PenicilUum.Optimum production of penicillin was obtained in maltose which proved maximum zone of inhibition during assay.Characterization of penicillin on pathogens,like wild Escherichia coli strain,Klebsiella spp.,and MRSA,gave quite interesting results such as no activity on the later strain as it is resistant.HPLC data provided the analytical and confirmation details of the penicillin produced.Accordingly,the penicillin produced from the soil sample of Government General Hospital had the high milli absorbance unit of 441.5 mAu compared with that of the penicillin produced from Sanjay Gandhi Hospital sample,8S.S2 mAu.Therefore,there was a considerable change in quantity of the penicillin produced from both the samples.Conclusions: The Penicillium spp.could be possibly rich in hospital contaminants and its environments.This research focuses on various unexplored sources of medical ailments,and also shows that the growth of penicillin is high in maltose rich media that could possibly enhance the growth.

Identifications of products of geographical origin based on geochemical zoning

The protection system of products of geographical origin has become one hot subject with which various countries throughout the world are concerned. Results of element-Pb isotope geochemical mapping indicate that there emerge a number of famous-brand high-quality product groups of geographical origin in China. The environment of production of China’s famous-brand white spirits of geographical origin at the Sichuan-Guizhou border is still a mystery to be solved. China has two main communities of white spirits of geographical origin, i.e., the most famous are Moutai and Wuliangye spirits. By element-Pb isotope geochemical tracing, we can establish the natural background geological, geographical and geochemical scientific data mark ers in close relation with source areas. Research on the product of geographical origin, named Kaempferia galangal L. in the Shuangjiao district, Yangchun, Guangdong Province, showed that the trace elements have an excellent heritance between Kaempferia galangal L. and soil in this area, and the trace elements are highly effective for tracing the origin.

Thought on the Implementation of Agricultural Standardization in the Grain Production and Modern Agriculture

The construction of Grain Production Functional Zone and Modern Agicultural Zone （Two Zones for short） plays a key role in the development of modern agriculture and solving the quantity and quality problems of agricultural products. The Two Zones serves as the important form and carrier of agricultural standardization and the agricultural standardization provides means and ways for it. The paper puts forward the suggestions and solutions for agricultural standardization in Two Zones in the aspects of boosting standards innovation projects, management and so forth.

Monte Carlo Method for the Uncertainty Evaluation of Spatial Straightness Error Based on New Generation Geometrical Product Specification

Straightness error is an important parameter in measuring high-precision shafts. New generation geometrical product speeifieation（GPS） requires the measurement uncertainty characterizing the reliability of the results should be given together when the measurement result is given. Nowadays most researches on straightness focus on error calculation and only several research projects evaluate the measurement uncertainty based on ＂The Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement（GUM）＂. In order to compute spatial straightness error（SSE） accurately and rapidly and overcome the limitations of GUM, a quasi particle swarm optimization（QPSO） is proposed to solve the minimum zone SSE and Monte Carlo Method（MCM） is developed to estimate the measurement uncertainty. The mathematical model of minimum zone SSE is formulated. In QPSO quasi-random sequences are applied to the generation of the initial position and velocity of particles and their velocities are modified by the constriction factor approach. The flow of measurement uncertainty evaluation based on MCM is proposed, where the heart is repeatedly sampling from the probability density function（PDF） for every input quantity and evaluating the model in each case. The minimum zone SSE of a shaft measured on a Coordinate Measuring Machine（CMM） is calculated by QPSO and the measurement uncertainty is evaluated by MCM on the basis of analyzing the uncertainty contributors. The results show that the uncertainty directly influences the product judgment result. Therefore it is scientific and reasonable to consider the influence of the uncertainty in judging whether the parts are accepted or rejected, especially for those located in the uncertainty zone. The proposed method is especially suitable when the PDF of the measurand cannot adequately be approximated by a Gaussian distribution or a scaled and shifted t-distribution and the measurement model is non-linear.

Relation between oxidation microstructure and the maximum energy product loss of a Sm_2Co_(17) magnet oxidized at 500℃

The oxidation microstructure and maximum energy product （BH）max loss of a 8m（Co0.76, Fe0.1, Cu0.1, Zr0.04）7 magnet oxidized at 500 ℃ were systematically investigated. Three different oxidation regions were formed in the oxidized magnet： a continuous externM oxide scale, an internal reaction layer, and a diffusion zone. Both room-temperature and high-temperature （BH）max losses exhibited the same parabolic increase with oxidation time. An oxygen diffusion model was proposed to simulate the dependence of （BH）max loss on oxidation time. It is found that the external oxide scale has little effect on the （BH）max loss, and both the internal reaction layer and diffusion zone result in the （BH）max loss. Moreover, the diffusion zone leads to more （BH）max loss than the internal reaction layer. The values of the oxidation rate constant k for internal reaction layer and oxygen diffusion coefficient D for diffusion zone were obtained, which are about 1.91×10^-10 cm^2/s and 6.54×10^-11 cm^2/s, respectively.

8个紫花苜蓿品种在干热区生产性能和营养价值评价

为了筛选出适宜热带亚热带地区种植的苜蓿优良品种,在干热河谷区元谋,采用方差分析方法和灰色关联度分析方法,对2017年引进的8个紫花苜蓿品种进行生产性能和营养价值研究。结果表明:(1)参试的8个紫花苜蓿,在本区均能安全越冬,正常生长,生育期205~215 d。(2)株高最高的品种为WL525HQ,达到70.20 cm,与维多利亚、德钦、赛迪7号和WL712HQ品种有显著差异(P<0.05)。一级分枝数最高的品种为WL656品种,为27.20枝,WL712HQ和G8品种间有显著差异(P<0.05)。茎叶比最高的品种为WL712HQ品种,为1.10,与德钦和赛迪7号品种间有显著差异(P<0.05)。年均干草产量最高的是赛迪7号紫花苜蓿,显著高于德钦品种(P<0.05),2018年、2019年、2020年和三年的平均产量分别为34217.40 kg/hm^(2)、32527.55 kg/hm^(2)、22024.93 kg/hm^(2)和29589.96 kg/hm^(2),所有参试材料在2018年和2020年每年可刈割8次,2019年为9次。(3)5号品种粗蛋白和全磷含量显著高于其他品种(P<0.05),分别为21.43%和0.25%。WL903品种粗纤维含量显著高于其他品种(P<0.05),含量为23.51%。(4)经灰色关联度分析,8个紫花苜蓿品种排名前3的为赛迪7号、WL525HQ、维多利亚。综上,赛迪7号、‘WL-525HQ’、维多利亚表现较好,可在干热河谷区大面积推广应用。

Structural patterns of fault damage zones in carbonate rocks and their influences on petroleum accumulation in Tazhong Paleo-uplift, Tarim Basin, NW China

Based on the outcrop survey,3D seismic data interpretation,drilling data analysis,the structural patterns and distribution of fault damage zones in carbonate strata of Tazhong Paleo-uplift were established to reveal the oil and gas enrichment law in the fault damage zones.The following findings were reached:(1)Through the filed survey,the fault damage zone system consists of fault core,damage zone with branch fault and fracture network.Affected by the active nature of the major faults,the fault damage zones differ in planar pattern and scale along the major faults.(2)3D seismic profiles reveal that there are three types of fault damage zones in carbonate strata in Tazhong paleo-uplift,strike-slip fault damage zones,thrust fault damage zones and superimposed fault damage zones.Featuring3 flowers and 3 root belts in vertical,the strike-slip fault damage zone can be subdivided into linear type,oblique type,feather type and horsetail type in plane.Thrust fault damage zones can be further divided into fault anticline type,anticline type and slope type.As the superimposition result of the above two kinds of fault damage zones,superimposed fault damage zones appear in three patterns,intersect type,encompassment type and penetrating type.(3)Cores from wells and geochemical data show oil and gas may migrate along the major fault and laterally.The feather type in strike-slip fault system,fault anticline type in thrust fault damage zone and intersect type in superimposed fault damage zone are possible sites for high production and efficiency wells.

Determination of Melamine in Quail Egg and Milk with Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

A capillary zone electrophoresis method was developed for determination of melamine in food samples, such as quail egg and milk products. The CE procedure was performed on fused silica capillary (41 cm × 75 μm I.D.) at 17 kV using pH3.1 60mmol/L phosphate buffer as run buffer and detecting at 200 nm. The proposed method showed good linearity (0.5 - 10.0 μmol/L) and low LOD (0.5 μmol/L) with good reproducibility (RSD% was 2.4 and 3.2 for migration time and peak area respectively), which made it suitable for quantity control of the related food product.

甘肃临夏高寒区饲用藜麦产草性能和营养价值

为解决高寒区饲草短缺难题,本研究分析了15个藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa)品种(系)生产性能及营养价值,计算相对饲喂价值,评价了各品种(系)综合指标。结果表明,干草产量最高的是‘GSQ6’,达20.78 t·hm^(−2);‘台湾红藜’鲜草产量最高,达112.46 t·hm^(−2);‘蒙藜1号’干鲜比最高,达到0.39;‘台湾红藜’茎叶比最高,达到2.75。‘白藜05’粗蛋白含量最高,达到14.84%;‘GSQ-7’粗脂肪含量最高,达到3.79%。‘陇藜4号’相对饲用价值最高。综合评价草产量、营养品质及饲用品质指标,临夏高寒地区适宜推广种植的饲用藜麦品种(系)为‘GSQ-6’‘陇藜4号’及‘台湾红藜’,其中‘GSQ-6’具有高产、纤维含量低及优良的适口性等特点,是一种优质的饲用藜麦品种。本研究结果为进一步提升藜麦饲草综合开发利用价值、促进草地畜牧业绿色健康发展提供了参考依据。

黑色页岩有机质富集程度与古气候的关系:以中上扬子五峰—龙马溪组页岩为例

黑色页岩有机质富集程度与古气候的关系相关研究相对较少,且基本一致地认为,古气候越温暖潮湿,初级生产力高,越有利于有机质的富集。然而,这一认识和现代环境科学中的固碳规律是矛盾的。因此,有必要充分结合现代环境科学、生态学,将今论古,分析有机碳埋藏的特征,深入探讨气候对固碳作用的影响。研究方法是对现代土壤、湿地及海洋中的固碳情况,从全球尺度和局部尺度上进行分析,以把握固碳效率与气候的关系。得出的结论是,固碳效率高的地区主要为寒温带,对应的是初级生产力较低的地区;而中低纬度温带、热带初级生产力高的地区,则表现出较低的固碳效率;气温对黑色页岩有机质富集程度的控制远大于氧化还原条件;中上扬子地区五峰—龙马溪组黑色页岩发育于地球第三次大冰期,对应冷湿气候带,为海退背景下的低盐度潟湖环境,对应为低初级生产力;古气候变化所引发的寒温带的纬向滑移控制了页岩油气与煤的分布。