Productivity and international energy price shocks are reflected in PPI and CPI via industrial chains.China’s in-depth participation into the global value chains has increasingly lengthened its industrial production ...Productivity and international energy price shocks are reflected in PPI and CPI via industrial chains.China’s in-depth participation into the global value chains has increasingly lengthened its industrial production chains.The question is how the changing length of production chains will affect CPI and PPI,as well as CPI-PPI correlation?By constructing a global input-output price model,this paper offers a theoretical discussion on the impact of production chain length on the CPI-PPI divergence.Our findings suggest that the price shock of international bulk commodities has a greater impact on China’s PPI than that on CPI.The effects on both China’s PPI and CPI estimated by using the single-country input-output model are higher than the results estimated with the global input-output model.However,the difference between CPI and PPI variations estimated with the global input-output model is greater than the result estimated with the single-country input-output model,which supports the view that the lengthening of production chains,especially international production chains,leads to a divergence between CPI and PPI.Empirical results based on cross-national panel data also suggest that the lengthening of production chains has reduced the CPI-PPI correlation for countries,i.e.the lengthening of production chains has increased the PPI-CPI divergence.That is to say,policymakers should target not just CPI in maintaining price stability,but instead focus on the stability of both PPI and CPI.Efforts can be made to proactively adjust the price index system,and formulate the industrial chain price index.展开更多
Antimicrobial resistance in the laying hen production industry has become a serious public health problem.The antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic relationships of the common conditional pathogen Enterococcus alo...Antimicrobial resistance in the laying hen production industry has become a serious public health problem.The antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic relationships of the common conditional pathogen Enterococcus along the laying hen production chain have not been systematically clarified.105 Enterococcus isolates were obtained from 115 environmental samples (air,dust,feces,fies,sewage,and soil) collected along the laying hen production chain (breeding chicken,chick,young chicken,and commercial laying hen).These Enterococcus isolates exhibited resistance to some clinically relevant antibiotics,such as tetracycline (92.4%),streptomycin (92.4%),and erythromycin (91.4%),and all strains had multidrug resistance phenotypes.Whole genome sequencing characterized 29 acquired antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that conferred resistance to 11 classes of antibiotics in 51pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus isolates,and lsa(E),which mediates resistance to pleuromutilins,always co-occurred with lnu(B).Alignments with the Mobile Genetic Elements database identified four transposons (Tn554,Tn558,Tn6261,and Tn6674) with several ARGs(erm(A),ant(9)-la,fex(A),and optrA) that mediated resistance to many clinically important antibiotics.Moreover,we identified two new transposons that carried ARGs in the Tn554 family designated as Tn7508 and Tn7492.A complementary approach based on conventional multi-locus sequence typing and whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed that phylogenetically related pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus isolates were widely distributed in various environments on different production farms.Our results indicate that environmental contamination by antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus requires greater attention,and they highlight the risk of pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus and ARGs disseminating along the laying hen production chain,thereby warranting effective disinfection.展开更多
The chain reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane was initiated by photosensitization of SF_6 under the selective excitation using a cw CO_2 laser.Vinyl chloride with high purity was produced in the reaction process.The initia...The chain reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane was initiated by photosensitization of SF_6 under the selective excitation using a cw CO_2 laser.Vinyl chloride with high purity was produced in the reaction process.The initiation of the photosensitized chain reaction depends on the irradiated laser frequency.The mechanism of intermolecular resonant transfer of vibrational energy has been discussed.展开更多
Some basic equations and the relations among various Markov chains are established. These works are the bases in the investigation of the theory of Markov chain in random environment.
In order to overcome defects in existing ASCTS(Agricultural Supply Chain Traceability System,a new traceability system based on Multi-Agent System(MAS) is put forward.By qualitative method,I analyze problems of applic...In order to overcome defects in existing ASCTS(Agricultural Supply Chain Traceability System,a new traceability system based on Multi-Agent System(MAS) is put forward.By qualitative method,I analyze problems of application of Agent technology in tracing quality of agricultural products.Physical model is built for this system and structure of traceability system is determined.Finally,algorithm is presented for major entities.From analysis of algorithm,it is proved that this system has some reference value in improving breadth and depth of product traceability.展开更多
The agility of production planning is defined as two characters: synchronization and flexibility. Measurement indexes for evaluating agility are then divided into two dimensions separately. Synchronization includes t...The agility of production planning is defined as two characters: synchronization and flexibility. Measurement indexes for evaluating agility are then divided into two dimensions separately. Synchronization includes two horizontal indexes: order lead time ratio and demand fulfilling rate; Two vertical indexes: instruction-reaction cycle time and resource matching rate. Flexibility includes five indexes: scope flexibility, delivery flexibility, variety flexibility, capacity buffer, inventory buffer and modification flexibility. Quantitative formulas for each measurement index are constructed. One application is discussed to illustrate the feasibility and reasonability of the indexes.展开更多
Since 2020,the Modi government has sought to implement the policy of industrial substitution for China as an important approach to economic autonomy and industrial rejuvenation.Based on the Modi government’s industri...Since 2020,the Modi government has sought to implement the policy of industrial substitution for China as an important approach to economic autonomy and industrial rejuvenation.Based on the Modi government’s industrial policy practices,its substitution policy for Chinese industries comprises three parts.A favorable domestic political ecology,an encouraging geostrategic environment,and a relatively solid industrial foundation provide the Modi government with the conditions and confidence to implement this policy.Nevertheless,owing to the conservatism of India’s domestic political culture,expediency in helping and appeasing India by the US,reversal of economic globalization,and sustainability of China’s industrial policy to break new ground,Modi’s substitution policy for Chinese industries has found limited success.However,considering India’s substantial economic size and the strategic support of the US and other developed nations in the West,the Modi government’s substitution policy for Chinese industries can still disrupt China’s efforts to build and maintain a healthier production chain.展开更多
In the context of low carbon,this paper discussed the impact of the carbon cap-and-trade policy on the fresh-keeping decision-making of two-echelon fresh agricultural product supply chains under different dominance,an...In the context of low carbon,this paper discussed the impact of the carbon cap-and-trade policy on the fresh-keeping decision-making of two-echelon fresh agricultural product supply chains under different dominance,and designed cost-sharing contracts to coordinate the supply chain of fresh agricultural products dominated by suppliers and retailers respectively.The results showed that:dominance has no effect on the fresh-keeping decision and total revenue of fresh agricultural product supply chain,but it affects the internal income distribution,and dominance does not always bring more benefits;the implementation of carbon cap-and-trade reduces the fresh-keeping decision-making of fresh agricultural products supply chain and reduces the free-rider income of followers;the role of higher carbon trading price is twofold,which not only brings about the speculation of leading enterprises,but also promotes the application of low-carbon technologies;consumers’high preference for freshness,low-cost and high-efficiency low-carbon technology are all conducive to improving the fresh-keeping efforts and benefits of the supply chain;cost-sharing contracts can coordinate the supply chain of fresh agricultural products.展开更多
A general formulation of the stochastic model for random walk in time-random environment and an equivalent definition is established in this paper. Moreover, some basic probability relations similar to the classical c...A general formulation of the stochastic model for random walk in time-random environment and an equivalent definition is established in this paper. Moreover, some basic probability relations similar to the classical case which are very useful in the corresponding research of fractal properties are given. At the end, a typical example is provided to show the recurrence and transience. Key words random environment - random walk in timerandom environment - skew product Markov chain CLC number O 211.6 Foudation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10371092) and Foundation of Wuhan University.Biography: Zhang Xiao-min (1977-), male, Ph. D candidate, research direction: stochastic processes and random fractal.展开更多
This research aimed to understand supply and demand in the global nickel market from a product chain perspective. Accordingly, we established an extensive time-series database for the nickel trade network and employed...This research aimed to understand supply and demand in the global nickel market from a product chain perspective. Accordingly, we established an extensive time-series database for the nickel trade network and employed network analysis methods to explore the dynamics and shifts in the global nickel trade network. The results are as follows: first, refined nickel and nickel semis dominated global nickel trade;second, the interaction between different nickel product networks profoundly affected the global nickel supply chain;third, the global nickel trade network consisted of core-periphery structures exhibiting different degrees of spatial heterogeneity;and fourth, the most connected global backbone structure was in nickel semis, followed by refined nickel, nickel ore, and nickel scrap. Together, trade in these four products constituted an overall network topology characterized by complex forms, a clear hierarchy, and uneven development. We conclude the paper by making several recommendations to secure global nickel supply chains and promote nickel circular economy.展开更多
This paper describes a quality-control supply-chain model using the"Internet+"paradigm.The model is based on principal-agent theory,which considers the reputational loss due to inferior products and external...This paper describes a quality-control supply-chain model using the"Internet+"paradigm.The model is based on principal-agent theory,which considers the reputational loss due to inferior products and external responsibility identification.After model analysis and simulation verification,the results show that the optimal quality-control level and market price of agricultural products can be achieved in the agricultural supply chain based on"Internet+"if and only if the information platform’s claim to the agricultural producer is less than the agricultural producer’s claim to the delivery service provider.Also,a rise in consumers’claims or the agricultural producer’s reputational loss due to inferior products will motivate the quality control of an agricultural procedure.Meanwhile,the market price of agricultural products will also increase with enhanced quality control procedures.The quality-control level of a delivery service provider is inversely proportional to the information platform or its own reputational loss.Thus,the key to promoting quality control along the supply chain is to strengthen the responsibility confirmation of an inferior product between the agricultural producer and the delivery service provider.展开更多
There are two parts in this paper. In the first part we construct the Markov chain in random environment(MCRE), the skew product Markov chain and p-θ^→ chain from a random transition matrix and a two-dimensional p...There are two parts in this paper. In the first part we construct the Markov chain in random environment(MCRE), the skew product Markov chain and p-θ^→ chain from a random transition matrix and a two-dimensional probability distribution, and in the second part we prove that the invarianee principle for p-θ^→ chain, a more complex non-homogeneous Markov chain, is true under some reasonable conditions. This result is more powerful.展开更多
基金the Special Project of the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)“Open Development of China’s Trade and Investment:Basic Patterns,Overall Effects,and the Dual Circulations Paradigm”(Grant No.72141309)NSFC General Project“GVC Restructuring Effect of Emergent Public Health Incidents:Based on the General Equilibrium Model Approach of the Production Networks Structure”(Grant No.72073142)+1 种基金NSFC General Project“China’s Industrialization Towards Mid-and High-End Value Chains:Theoretical Implications,Measurement and Analysis”(Grant No.71873142)the Youth project of The National Social Science Fund of China“Research on the green and low-carbon development path and policy optimization of China’s foreign trade under the goal of‘dual carbon’”(Grant No.22CJY019).
文摘Productivity and international energy price shocks are reflected in PPI and CPI via industrial chains.China’s in-depth participation into the global value chains has increasingly lengthened its industrial production chains.The question is how the changing length of production chains will affect CPI and PPI,as well as CPI-PPI correlation?By constructing a global input-output price model,this paper offers a theoretical discussion on the impact of production chain length on the CPI-PPI divergence.Our findings suggest that the price shock of international bulk commodities has a greater impact on China’s PPI than that on CPI.The effects on both China’s PPI and CPI estimated by using the single-country input-output model are higher than the results estimated with the global input-output model.However,the difference between CPI and PPI variations estimated with the global input-output model is greater than the result estimated with the single-country input-output model,which supports the view that the lengthening of production chains,especially international production chains,leads to a divergence between CPI and PPI.Empirical results based on cross-national panel data also suggest that the lengthening of production chains has reduced the CPI-PPI correlation for countries,i.e.the lengthening of production chains has increased the PPI-CPI divergence.That is to say,policymakers should target not just CPI in maintaining price stability,but instead focus on the stability of both PPI and CPI.Efforts can be made to proactively adjust the price index system,and formulate the industrial chain price index.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos.2022YFC2303900 and2022YFD1800400)the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.U21A20257 and 31830098)+1 种基金the National System of Layer Production Technology (No.CARS-40-K-14)the Key R&D Program of Sichuan Province (Nos.2022ZDZX0017 and 2021YFH0192)。
文摘Antimicrobial resistance in the laying hen production industry has become a serious public health problem.The antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic relationships of the common conditional pathogen Enterococcus along the laying hen production chain have not been systematically clarified.105 Enterococcus isolates were obtained from 115 environmental samples (air,dust,feces,fies,sewage,and soil) collected along the laying hen production chain (breeding chicken,chick,young chicken,and commercial laying hen).These Enterococcus isolates exhibited resistance to some clinically relevant antibiotics,such as tetracycline (92.4%),streptomycin (92.4%),and erythromycin (91.4%),and all strains had multidrug resistance phenotypes.Whole genome sequencing characterized 29 acquired antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that conferred resistance to 11 classes of antibiotics in 51pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus isolates,and lsa(E),which mediates resistance to pleuromutilins,always co-occurred with lnu(B).Alignments with the Mobile Genetic Elements database identified four transposons (Tn554,Tn558,Tn6261,and Tn6674) with several ARGs(erm(A),ant(9)-la,fex(A),and optrA) that mediated resistance to many clinically important antibiotics.Moreover,we identified two new transposons that carried ARGs in the Tn554 family designated as Tn7508 and Tn7492.A complementary approach based on conventional multi-locus sequence typing and whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed that phylogenetically related pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus isolates were widely distributed in various environments on different production farms.Our results indicate that environmental contamination by antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus requires greater attention,and they highlight the risk of pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus and ARGs disseminating along the laying hen production chain,thereby warranting effective disinfection.
文摘The chain reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane was initiated by photosensitization of SF_6 under the selective excitation using a cw CO_2 laser.Vinyl chloride with high purity was produced in the reaction process.The initiation of the photosensitized chain reaction depends on the irradiated laser frequency.The mechanism of intermolecular resonant transfer of vibrational energy has been discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10 0 710 5 8-2 ) and Doctoral Programme Foundationof China
文摘Some basic equations and the relations among various Markov chains are established. These works are the bases in the investigation of the theory of Markov chain in random environment.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(71071001)
文摘In order to overcome defects in existing ASCTS(Agricultural Supply Chain Traceability System,a new traceability system based on Multi-Agent System(MAS) is put forward.By qualitative method,I analyze problems of application of Agent technology in tracing quality of agricultural products.Physical model is built for this system and structure of traceability system is determined.Finally,algorithm is presented for major entities.From analysis of algorithm,it is proved that this system has some reference value in improving breadth and depth of product traceability.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.70271023).
文摘The agility of production planning is defined as two characters: synchronization and flexibility. Measurement indexes for evaluating agility are then divided into two dimensions separately. Synchronization includes two horizontal indexes: order lead time ratio and demand fulfilling rate; Two vertical indexes: instruction-reaction cycle time and resource matching rate. Flexibility includes five indexes: scope flexibility, delivery flexibility, variety flexibility, capacity buffer, inventory buffer and modification flexibility. Quantitative formulas for each measurement index are constructed. One application is discussed to illustrate the feasibility and reasonability of the indexes.
文摘Since 2020,the Modi government has sought to implement the policy of industrial substitution for China as an important approach to economic autonomy and industrial rejuvenation.Based on the Modi government’s industrial policy practices,its substitution policy for Chinese industries comprises three parts.A favorable domestic political ecology,an encouraging geostrategic environment,and a relatively solid industrial foundation provide the Modi government with the conditions and confidence to implement this policy.Nevertheless,owing to the conservatism of India’s domestic political culture,expediency in helping and appeasing India by the US,reversal of economic globalization,and sustainability of China’s industrial policy to break new ground,Modi’s substitution policy for Chinese industries has found limited success.However,considering India’s substantial economic size and the strategic support of the US and other developed nations in the West,the Modi government’s substitution policy for Chinese industries can still disrupt China’s efforts to build and maintain a healthier production chain.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.72103178Social Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under grant No.20GLA002.
文摘In the context of low carbon,this paper discussed the impact of the carbon cap-and-trade policy on the fresh-keeping decision-making of two-echelon fresh agricultural product supply chains under different dominance,and designed cost-sharing contracts to coordinate the supply chain of fresh agricultural products dominated by suppliers and retailers respectively.The results showed that:dominance has no effect on the fresh-keeping decision and total revenue of fresh agricultural product supply chain,but it affects the internal income distribution,and dominance does not always bring more benefits;the implementation of carbon cap-and-trade reduces the fresh-keeping decision-making of fresh agricultural products supply chain and reduces the free-rider income of followers;the role of higher carbon trading price is twofold,which not only brings about the speculation of leading enterprises,but also promotes the application of low-carbon technologies;consumers’high preference for freshness,low-cost and high-efficiency low-carbon technology are all conducive to improving the fresh-keeping efforts and benefits of the supply chain;cost-sharing contracts can coordinate the supply chain of fresh agricultural products.
文摘A general formulation of the stochastic model for random walk in time-random environment and an equivalent definition is established in this paper. Moreover, some basic probability relations similar to the classical case which are very useful in the corresponding research of fractal properties are given. At the end, a typical example is provided to show the recurrence and transience. Key words random environment - random walk in timerandom environment - skew product Markov chain CLC number O 211.6 Foudation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10371092) and Foundation of Wuhan University.Biography: Zhang Xiao-min (1977-), male, Ph. D candidate, research direction: stochastic processes and random fractal.
基金Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program,No.2019QZKK1007National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42130508。
文摘This research aimed to understand supply and demand in the global nickel market from a product chain perspective. Accordingly, we established an extensive time-series database for the nickel trade network and employed network analysis methods to explore the dynamics and shifts in the global nickel trade network. The results are as follows: first, refined nickel and nickel semis dominated global nickel trade;second, the interaction between different nickel product networks profoundly affected the global nickel supply chain;third, the global nickel trade network consisted of core-periphery structures exhibiting different degrees of spatial heterogeneity;and fourth, the most connected global backbone structure was in nickel semis, followed by refined nickel, nickel ore, and nickel scrap. Together, trade in these four products constituted an overall network topology characterized by complex forms, a clear hierarchy, and uneven development. We conclude the paper by making several recommendations to secure global nickel supply chains and promote nickel circular economy.
基金supported by the Beijing social science fund project(No.16GLC061)Beijing new rural construction research project(No.KF2016052).
文摘This paper describes a quality-control supply-chain model using the"Internet+"paradigm.The model is based on principal-agent theory,which considers the reputational loss due to inferior products and external responsibility identification.After model analysis and simulation verification,the results show that the optimal quality-control level and market price of agricultural products can be achieved in the agricultural supply chain based on"Internet+"if and only if the information platform’s claim to the agricultural producer is less than the agricultural producer’s claim to the delivery service provider.Also,a rise in consumers’claims or the agricultural producer’s reputational loss due to inferior products will motivate the quality control of an agricultural procedure.Meanwhile,the market price of agricultural products will also increase with enhanced quality control procedures.The quality-control level of a delivery service provider is inversely proportional to the information platform or its own reputational loss.Thus,the key to promoting quality control along the supply chain is to strengthen the responsibility confirmation of an inferior product between the agricultural producer and the delivery service provider.
文摘There are two parts in this paper. In the first part we construct the Markov chain in random environment(MCRE), the skew product Markov chain and p-θ^→ chain from a random transition matrix and a two-dimensional probability distribution, and in the second part we prove that the invarianee principle for p-θ^→ chain, a more complex non-homogeneous Markov chain, is true under some reasonable conditions. This result is more powerful.