Current Status of Key Competencies among Medical Students: A Latent Profile Analysis

The purpose of this study was to understand the overall level of key competencies of medical students and explore the potential profile of key competencies, promoting quality education, and improving the quality talent cultivation in medical colleges. A stratified random sampling method selected 734 medical students from four medical colleges in Chongqing Province of China. A general information questionnaire and a key competencies survey questionnaire were used to conduct the survey. The overall score and scores of each dimension of key competencies were analyzed. Latent profile analysis was conducted to classify the key competencies of medical students and compare the distribution differences of demographic variables among different categories. The results showed that 26% of medical students have never heard of the concept of key competencies, and 59% of them are not familiar with the content related to key competencies. The score of key competencies is 3.66 ± 0.60, with the highest score in the dimension of responsibility and the lowest score in the dimension of humanistic accomplishment. The latent profile analysis classified them into three categories: “low key competencies group (14.71%)”, “medium key competencies group (36.79%)”, and “high key competencies group (48.50%)”. The R3STEP regression analysis results showed statistically significant differences in educational level and whether they served as student cadres among different key competencies categories of medical students. This paper discusses three different potential key competencies categories among medical students, and the overall level of key competencies is relatively good. However, medical students lack a comprehensive and systematic understanding of key competencies. Humanistic accomplishment, healthy living, and practical innovation are the three dimensions with lower scores and should be given more attention. Medical colleges should integrate the concept of key competencies into teaching and implement it in medical practice to cultivate more high-quality medical talents for society.

Expression Profile Analysis of Genes Involved in Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Pathway in Cotton Fiber Development

Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the leading fiber crop and one of the mainstays of the economy in the world.Cotton fibers,as the main product of cotton plants,are unicellular,linear

Older adults’social participation and social relationship and association with partner’s cognition:a latent profile analysis

Older adults’social participation and social relationship may be affected by their partners’cognitive function.In 3,722 cognitively intact married/partnered Health and Retirement Study respondents,latent profile analysis identified three social participation profiles(Limited overall social participation(prevalence:69%);Frequent volunteer participation(10%);Frequent non-volunteer participation(21%)),and three social relationship profiles(Social support from all relationships(68%);Mixed social support and strain from all relationships(18%);Social strain from partner with support from other relationships(14%)).Spouse/partner’s cognition was not significantly associated with social participation profiles.Impaired cognition in spouses/partners increased older adults’likelihood of perceiving social strain from their partners with support from other relationships.Frequent volunteer and non-volunteer participation and perceiving social support from all relationships predicted better self-rated health and lower odds of depressive symptoms.These findings highlight the need of community programs that promote social connectedness for older adults living with cognitively impaired spouses/partners.

Introducing RiverProfileApp,a web application for near-global,exploratory,longitudinal river profile analysis

River profile analysis has been used extensively in the earth sciences. Commonly,exploration of river profiles requires downloading and processing Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) for specific areas,which limits the scope of exploratory analysis. Presented here is a web application designed to analyze river profiles at 90m resolution at a near-global scale. The app allows users to quickly query downstream or upstream from selected points anywhere within ±60 degrees latitude,in order to interactively analyze corresponding river profiles. River profile analysis can be performed in both distance and χ space,where χ is a metric that is proportional to the presumed steady-state shape of the river profile. River locations are based on the HydroSHEDS 90m drainage direction grid,as well as custom computed D8 drainage direction and void-filled SRTM DEMs. RiverProfileApp is open source,and although currently it is designed as an exploratory tool,more functions can be easily added via community contributions and/or from existing toolsets. It is available from RiverProfileApp.github.io.

Profiles of depressive disorders and influencing factors among the elderly in China: protocol for a secondary data analysis

Background:Depressive disorders have become a major risk factor that influences people’s health worldwide,but few studies have focused on the prevalence of depressive disorders among the Chinese elderly and their characteristics of depressive disorders.The current study is a secondary data analysis designed to explore the profiles of depressive disorders in the Chinese elderly by latent profile analysis.Methods:The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS 2018)database will be used for analysis.Latent profile analysis will be employed to identify the profiles of depressive disorders using data from the subsection“CESD Depression”in the section“Cognition and Depression”.Stepwise multinomial logistic regression will be used to explore the influencing factors of different profiles of depressive disorders among the Chinese elderly.Discussion:The prevalence of depressive disorders among the Chinese elderly and their profiles of depressive disorders will be reported.Possible influencing factors may include some demographic characteristics and associated psychological elements,which will provide a reference for further research and precise intervention.

Analysis of Capacity Decay, Impedance, and Heat Generation of Lithium-ionBatteries Experiencing Multiple Simultaneous Abuse Conditions

Abuse of Lithium-ion batteries,both physical and electrochemical,can lead to significantly reduced operational capabilities.In some instances,abuse can cause catastrophic failure,including thermal runaway,combustion,and explosion.Many different test standards that include abuse conditions have been developed,but these generally consider only one condition at a time and only provide go/no-go criteria.In this work,different types of cell abuse are implemented concurrently to determine the extent to which simultaneous abuse conditions aggravate cell degradation and failure.Vibrational loading is chosen to be the consistent type of physical abuse,and the first group of cells is cycled at different vibrational frequencies.The next group of cells is cycled at the same frequencies,with multiple charge pulses occurring during each discharge.The final group of cells is cycled at the same frequencies,with a partial nail puncture occurring near the beginning of cycling.The results show that abusing cells with vibrational loading or vibrational loading with current pulses does not cause a significant decrease in operational capabilities while abusing cells with vibrational loading and a nail puncture drastically reduces operational capabilities.The cells with vibration only experience an increase in internal resistance by a factor of 1.09–1.26,the cells with vibration and current pulses experience an increase in internal resistance by a factor of 1.16–1.23,and all cells from each group reach their rated lifetime of 500 cycles without reaching their end-of-life capacity.However,the cells with vibration and nail puncture experience an increase in internal resistance by a factor of 6.83–22.1,and each cell reaches its end-of-life capacity within 50 cycles.Overall,the results show that testing multiple abuse conditions simultaneously provides a better representation of the extreme limitations of cell operation and should be considered for inclusion in reference test standards.

Construction of Vertical Wind Profile from Satellite-Derived Winds for Objective Analysis of Wind Field

During summer Monex-79, a variety of observing systems viz. research ships, research aircrafts, constant pressure balloons and geostationary satellite etc. were deployed, besides the regular conventional observations. The purpose of these additional systems was to make the best possible data for the studies on various aspects of monsoon circulation. The present study is aimed at the construction of vertical wind profile using cloud motion vectors obtained from GOES (I-O) satellite and to examine whether the constructed wind profiles improves the representation of the monsoon system, flow pattern etc. in the objective analysis. For this purpose, climatological normals of the wind field are considered as the initial guess and the objective analyses of the wind field are made with, first using only data from conventional observations over land areas, subsequently including the constructed winds from cloud motion vectors. These analyses are then compared with the standard analyses of wind field obtained from Quick Look Atlas by T. N. Krishnamurti et al. (1979).It is inferred that satellite estimated mean wind profiles show good agreement with the mean wind profiles of the research ships with RMS errors less than 5 mps below 500 hPa and less than 8 mps above 500 hPa. It is further inferred that the inclusion of constructed winds shows a positive impact on the objective analysis and improvement is seen to be more marked in the data-sparse region of the Arabian sea. Analyses which include the constructed winds show better agreement with the standard analysis, than the analyses obtained using only conventional winds. Thus, results of our study suggest that the wind profiles constructed using cloud motion vectors are of potential use in objective analysis to depict the major circulation features over the Indian region.

Spatio-temporal Evolution Characteristics and Driving Forces of Winter Urban Heat Island:A Case Study of Rapid Urbanization Area of Fuzhou City,China

Under the influence of anthropogenic and climate change,the problems caused by urban heat island(UHI)has become increasingly prominent.In order to promote urban sustainable development and improve the quality of human settlements,it is significant for exploring the evolution characteristics of urban thermal environment and analyzing its driving forces.Taking the Landsat series images as the basic data sources,the winter land surface temperature(LST)of the rapid urbanization area of Fuzhou City in China was quantitatively retrieved from 2001 to 2021.Combing comprehensively the standard deviation ellipse model,profile analysis and GeoDetector model,the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the winter urban thermal environment were systematically analyzed.The results showed that the winter LST presented an increasing trend in the study area during 2001–2021,and the winter LST of the central urban regions was significantly higher than the suburbs.There was a strong UHI effect from 2001 to 2021with an expansion trend from the central urban regions to the suburbs and coastal areas in space scale.The LST of green lands and wetlands are significantly lower than croplands,artificial surface and unvegetated lands.Vegetation and water bodies had a significant mitigation effect on UHI,especially in the micro-scale.The winter UHI had been jointly driven by the underlying surface and socio-economic factors in a nonlinear or two-factor interactive enhancement mode,and socio-economic factors had played a leading role.This research could provide data support and decision-making references for rationally planning urban layout and promoting sustainable urban development.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Gossypium RING-H2 finger E3 ligase genes revealed their roles in fiber development,and phytohormone and abiotic stress responses

Background： RING H2 finger E3 ligase （RH2FE3） genes encode cysteine rich proteins that mediate E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and degrade target substrates. The roles of these genes in plant responses to phytohormones and abiotic stresses are well documented in various species, but their roles in cotton fiber development are poorly understood. To date, genome wide identification and expression analyses of Gossypium hirsutum RH2FE3 genes have not been reported. Methods： We performed computational identification, structural and phylogenetic analyses, chromosomal distribution analysis and estimated KJKs values of G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes. Orthologous and paralogous gene pairs were identified by all versus all BLASTP searches. We predicted cis regulatory elements and analyzed microarray data sets to generate heatmaps at different development stages. Tissue specific expression in cotton fiber, and hormonal and abiotic stress responses were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction （qRT PCR） analysis. Results： We investigated 140 G hirsutum, 80 G. orboreum, and evolutionary mechanisms and compared them with orthologs 89 G. roimondii putative RH2FB genes and their in Arobidopsis and rice. A domain based analysis of the G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes predicted conserved signature motifs and gene structures. Chromosomal localization showed the genes were distributed across all G hirsutum chromosomes, and 60 duplication events （4 tandem and 56 segmental duplications） and 98 orthologs were detected, cis elements were detected in the promoter regions of G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes. Microarray data and qRT PCR analyses showed that G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes were strongly correlated with cotton fiber development. Additionally, almost all the （brassinolide, gibberellic acid （GA）, indole 3-acetic acid drought, and salt）. dentified genes were up regulated in response to phytohormones （IAA）, and salicylic acid （SA）） and abiotic stresses （cold, heat, Conclusions： The genome wide identification, comprehensive analysis, and characterization of conserved domains and gene structures, as well as phylogenetic analysis, cis element prediction, and expression profile analysis of G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes and their roles in cotton fiber development and responses to plant hormones and abiotic stresses are reported here for the first time. Our findings will contribute to the genome wide analysis of putative RH2FE3 genes in other species and lay a foundation for future physiological and functional research on G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes.

Identification of potential immune-related prognostic biomarkers of lung cancer using gene co-expression network analysis

Objective The objective of this study was to identify new carcinogenetic hub genes and develop the integration of differentially expressed genes to predict the prognosis of lung cancer.Methods GSE139032 microarray data packages were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus for planning,testing,and review of data.We identified KRT6C,LAMC2,LAMB3,KRT6A,and MYEOV from a key module for validation.Results We found that the five genes were related to a poor prognosis,and the expression levels of these genes were associated with tumor stage.Furthermore,Kaplan-Meier plotter showed that the five hub genes had better prognostic values.The mean levels of methylation in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)were significantly lower than those in healthy lung tissues for the hub genes.However,gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)for single hub genes showed that all of them were immune-related.Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that KRT6C,LAMC2,LAMB3,KRT6A,and MYEOV are all candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for LUAD.They may have clinical implications in LUAD patients not only for the improvement of risk stratification but also for therapeutic decisions and prognosis prediction.

Transcriptome Profiling and Analysis during Cotton Fiber Cell Development

In this project,we aim to elucidate the molecular mechanism controlling initiation and elongation of tetraploid Gossypium hirsutum fiber cells by setting up a high throughput custom-designed

Feature Extraction of Radar Range Profiles Based on Normalized Central Moments

The normalized central moments are widely used in pattern recognition because of scale and translation invariance. The moduli of normalized central moments of the 1-dimensional complex range profiles are used here as feature vector for radar target recognition. The common feature extraction method for high resolution range profile obtained by using Fourier-modified direct Mellin transform is inefficient and unsatisfactory in recognition rate And. generally speaking, the automatic target recognition method based on inverse synthetic aperture radar 2-dimensional imaging is not competent for real time object identification task because it needs complicated motion compensation which is sometimes too difficult to carry out. While the method applied here is competent for real-time recognition because of its computational efficiency. The result of processing experimental data indicates that this method is good at recognition.

Acceptability of a reformulated grain-based food:Implications for increasing whole grain consumption

Idli is a popular Indian breakfast dish consumed by many people all over the world,made from white rice(Oryza sativum)(75%–80%)and black gram(Phaseolus mungo)(20%–25%).Idli’s wide consumption makes it ideal as a model for studying acceptability of a food reformulated with whole grains.The objective was to compare acceptability regarding texture,color and sensory properties when white rice was replaced with brown rice at 5 replacement levels(0%(control),25%,50%,75%and 100%).Textural attributes and L*a*b*color values were measured by a texture analyzer and a Chroma meter,respectively.Informed and blind sensory tests were conducted.Instrumental hardness and gumminess were proportional to the level of whole grain replacement,while springiness and cohesiveness did not vary by replacement level.Liking ratings for overall acceptability were similar at the three lowest levels of brown rice replacement.Although brown rice replacement reduced the liking score for various sensory attributes,especially for 75%and 100%replacements,more than 90%of the panelists preferred brown-rice-blended idli as their first choice.There are ample opportunities to increase whole grain consumption through reformulation of regularly consumed traditional refined grain foods by partial or complete replacement with whole grains.©2013 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

Optimization of Texture Determination of ‘Yali' by Texture Analyzer

[Objectives] This study was carried out to determine texture parameters for texture profile analysis （TPA）, and optimize the texture determination of ‘Yali’ by texture analyzer.[Methods] The traditional varieties of ‘Yali’ were taken as the materials, and texture parameters were determined at different compression rates and deformations at target.[Results] In the process of the TPA, the deformation at target had an extremely significant influence on 8 TPA texture parameters, namely, the hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, adhesiveness, gumminess, resilience, fracturability, and chewiness （ P ≤0.01）, while the compression rate had significant influence on the hardness and gumminess （ P ≤0.05）, had an extremely significant influence on fracturability （ P ≤0.01）, and had no significant influence on other 5 TPA parameters.[Conclusions] Taking the compression rate of 1 mm/s and 20% deformation at target as the experimental conditions for TPA could avoid the impact load of high speed on the tissue and objectively reflect the textural characteristics of ‘Yali’ pulp tissue.

A person-centered approach to achievement goal orientations in competitive tennis players: Associations with motivation and mental toughness

Background:Research on achievement goal orientations in sport has typically relied on the use of variable-centered approaches that tend to overlook population heterogeneity.In this study,we used a person-centered approach to identify subgroups of competitive tennis players according to unique combinations of achievement goal orientations and tested for subgroup differences in motivation and mental toughness.Methods:A sample of 323 competitive tennis athletes(69.35%male)between 15 and 25 years of age(17.60±2.40 years,mean±SD)completed the 3×2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport,Sport Motivation Scale Ⅱ,and Mental Toughness Index.Latent profile analysis was used to identify unique combinations of achievement goal orientations.Comparisons between latent subgroups on autonomous motivation,controlled motivation,and mental toughness were performed using analysis of variance.Results:Latent profile analysis supported 3 distinct patterns of achievement goal profiles that were primarily distinguishable based on valence of competence(i.e.,approach vs.avoidance).Analyses of variance indicated that athletes who were classified into subgroups that endorsed approach types of goals(regardless of the types of avoidance goals they endorsed)reported higher levels of autonomous motivation and mental toughness.Conclusion:Results indicated that athletes tend to pursue a number of achievement goals collectively rather than in isolation.Although approach goals are more commonly linked to adaptive psychological functioning and positive outcomes,avoidance goals may also be associated with desirable psychological characteristics if they are pursued in conjunction with approach types of achievement goals.

GNSS deformation characteristics of North China in the past two decades

Based on the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)velocity in North China from 1999 to 2018,the deformation parameters,such as the strain rate,the velocity profiles,and the fault slip rates,are analyzed.The principal conclusions are as follows:1)the GNSS results during 1999-2007 can effectively reflect the deformation characteristics of North China,and the strain rate shows SEE tensile feature in the Shanxi seismic zone with a maximum value of 0.7×10^(-8)/yr.Meanwhile,the deformation is characterized by left-lateral features in the Yinshan seismic zone and Zhangjiakou-Bohai seismic zone with a maximum shear strain rate of 0.7×10^(-8)/yr.2)In the period of 1999-2007,the GNSS velocity profiles show that the deformation is mainly distributed in a range of 100-km width crossing the Yinshan seismic zone and the middle section of the Zhangjiakou-Bohai seismic zone,and 50-km width crossing the Zhangjiakou-Bohai seismic zone near the Bohai Bay.3)The deformation response to the 2011 Japan MW9.0 earthquake shows a significant difference between the middle and east sections of the Zhangjiakou-Bohai seismic zone,and the deformation loading rate decreased from 3.3 mm/yr in 1999-2007 to 2.6 mm/yr and 0.9 mm/yr in the 2013-2018 period for above two sections respectively.Furthermore,the fault slip rates inverted from GNSS measurements show a similar dynamic adjustment process,reflecting the weak impact of the Japan MW9.0 earthquake on the deformation around the central section of the Zhangjiakou-Bohai seismic zone.4)From the results of GNSS strain rate,velocity profile and fault slip rate,we suggest that the potential of the strong earthquake should be high in the Yinshan seismic zone and the middle section of the Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault zone.

Influence of cooking time and cooling rate on the functionality and microstructure of processed cheese spreads

The objective of this work was to study the influence of cooking time and cooling rate on functionality and microstructure of processed cheese spreads. When the cooking time was 20 min, the hardness and apparent viscosity were increased, and formed a homogenous, dense, and three-dimensional protein network, and a stronger gel was formed at this time. The slow cooling can increase the hardness and apparent viscosity of products, protein wall was thicker, and network was closer, so products can formed a stronger gel structure. The influence of cooking time on the functional properties was more significant than the influence of rapid cooling.

Exogenous strigolactones promote lateral root growth by reducing the endogenous auxin level in rapeseed

Strigolactones(SLs)are newly discovered plant hormones which regulate the normal development of different plant organs,especially root architecture.Lateral root formation of rapeseed seedlings before winter has great effects on the plant growth and seed yield.Here,we treated the seedlings of Zhongshuang 11(ZS11),an elite conventional rapeseed cultivar,with different concentrations of GR24(a synthetic analogue of strigolactones),and found that a low concentration(0.18μmol L–1)of GR24 could significantly increase the lateral root growth,shoot growth,and root/shoot ratio of seedlings.RNA-Seq analysis of lateral roots at 12 h,1 d,4 d,and 7 d after GR24 treatment showed that 2301,4626,1595,and 783 genes were significantly differentially expressed,respectively.Function enrichment analysis revealed that the plant hormone transduction pathway,tryptophan metabolism,and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were over-represented.Moreover,transcription factors,including AP2/ERF,AUX/IAA,NAC,MYB,and WRKY,were up-regulated at 1 d after GR24 treatment.Metabolomics profiling further demonstrated that the amounts of various metabolites,such as indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and cis-zeatin were drastically altered.In particular,the concentrations of endogenous IAA significantly decreased by 52.4 and 75.8%at 12 h and 1 d after GR24 treatment,respectively.Our study indicated that low concentrations of exogenous SLs could promote the lateral root growth of rapeseed through interaction with other phytohormones,which provides useful clues for the effects of SLs on root architecture and crop productivity.

Impact of climate change on dynamic of plant communities, lakes and swamps in Beijing area during Holocene period

From 400-60 cm 26 samples were obtained in an 820 cm profile at Dongganchi of Fangshan in Beijing. They provided a continuous record of vegetation and environmental changes over ca .7000 aB.P., as inferred from Spore-pollen. loss-on-ignition (LOI), and charcoal analysis,impacts of natural fire and human activities on plant communities and lakes and swamps were considered. 1) From 7000-5960 aB.P, the forest development was limited, probably in response to climate Warming. Aquatic and marsh plants began to increase, bat the lakes and swamps in some areas were limited. 2) About 5960-3390 aB.p, presumably in responded to climate warming which was warmer than that at present Aquatic plants began to become abundant,reflected the widespread development of the lakes and swamps, the climate was wet with annual precipitation higher than that at present 3) About 3390-1000 aB.P, human activities have kept to be the dominating factor in the evolution of vegetation and climatic change. Temperature decreased, and the annual precipitation rapidly reduced in Baijing area. the lakes and swamps gradually shrank back, some of them even disappeared. 4) After 1000 aB.P, there was a severe fluntuction, and early during this time, it was comparatively warm and humid, but became cool and dry later. In the meantime. human activities were intensified. agricultural activity was flourished. and large area of water field was cultivated

Parameter analysis of a photonic crystal fiber with raised-core index profile based on effective index method

Photonic crystal fibers （PCFs） with a stepped raised-core profile and one layer equally spaced holes in the cladding are analyzed. Using effective index method and considering a raised step refractive index difference between the index of the core and the effective index of the cladding, we improve the characteristic parameters such as numerical aperture and V-parameter, and reduce its bending loss to about one tenth of a conventional PCF. Implementing such a structure in PCFs may be one step forward to achieve low loss PCFs for communication applications.