This paper describes the results of cost-profit analysis related to interconnectors for Japan-Russia and JapanSouth Korea based on the Asia International Grid Connection Study Group 2^(nd) report. The Group has been e...This paper describes the results of cost-profit analysis related to interconnectors for Japan-Russia and JapanSouth Korea based on the Asia International Grid Connection Study Group 2^(nd) report. The Group has been established in 2016 for conducting research on international electric power networks in Asia from the viewpoint of technology, investment and legal framework. 2^(nd) report of the Group was published in June 2018, examining the profitability of an interconnectors between Japan and neighboring countries. The Group has calculated expected profit from operation of these interconnectors.The Group has categorized interconnector business into four models from the survey of preceding and current business on grids and interconnectors. To clarify profitability, expected internal rate of return(IRR) was calculated for each business model based on estimated investment cost for each route. When interconnector is dedicated to specific power plants or suppliers and electricity can be sold at Japan wholesale market at 2016-2017 price level, positive IRR levels are expected in case that Free on Board(FOB) price lower than 7 JPY/kWh. When the investment will be covered by electricity tariff by final consumers, tariff for consumers will just slightly increase by approximately 0.1 JPY/kWh.展开更多
<strong>Background</strong>: <span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Economic theory suggests that monetary policy through interes...<strong>Background</strong>: <span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Economic theory suggests that monetary policy through interest rates affects bank profitability. There is limited empirical evidence on the relationship between monetary policy and profitability of commercial banks in Uganda. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This study seeks to examine the effect of monetary policy on the profitability of commercial banks in Uganda. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The study adopts a causal relationship research design. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Data, covering 9 years from 2010-2018, was collected from all the registered commercial banks which were in operation over the study period. Various monetary policy variables are included in the empirical model as predictor variables. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Return on </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ssets is used as a measure of bank profitability</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. A </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">dynamic two-step System Generalized Method of Moments panel estimator is applied to estimate the empirical model. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Findings:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Estimates show that monetary policy in terms of its link to the lending rate</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">has a significant causal effect on Return on Assets, suggesting that interest rate changes predict bank profitability of commercial banks in Uganda.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Further, results</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">show that a rise in core inflation has a significant negative causal effect on</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the banks’ profitability and that there is a significant lagged effect of Return on Assets.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The 91-day treasury bill rate </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and money supply were insignificant in predicting bank profitability. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Originality:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Unlike previous related studies which have focused on major advanced economies and a limited number of studies which have considered only a few developing countries like Nigeria and Kenya, the current study provides empirical evidence on the link between monetary policy and commercial bank profitability in Uganda. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Practical Implications:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Policy makers in the financial sector may use the study results as a basis of implementation of appropriate monetary policy actions that enhance the profitability of Uganda’s commercial banks. For instance, the central</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bank should promote low and stable core inflation in order to enhance bank profitability, and should ensure that the monetary policy transmission to interest rates is efficient.</span>展开更多
文摘This paper describes the results of cost-profit analysis related to interconnectors for Japan-Russia and JapanSouth Korea based on the Asia International Grid Connection Study Group 2^(nd) report. The Group has been established in 2016 for conducting research on international electric power networks in Asia from the viewpoint of technology, investment and legal framework. 2^(nd) report of the Group was published in June 2018, examining the profitability of an interconnectors between Japan and neighboring countries. The Group has calculated expected profit from operation of these interconnectors.The Group has categorized interconnector business into four models from the survey of preceding and current business on grids and interconnectors. To clarify profitability, expected internal rate of return(IRR) was calculated for each business model based on estimated investment cost for each route. When interconnector is dedicated to specific power plants or suppliers and electricity can be sold at Japan wholesale market at 2016-2017 price level, positive IRR levels are expected in case that Free on Board(FOB) price lower than 7 JPY/kWh. When the investment will be covered by electricity tariff by final consumers, tariff for consumers will just slightly increase by approximately 0.1 JPY/kWh.
文摘<strong>Background</strong>: <span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Economic theory suggests that monetary policy through interest rates affects bank profitability. There is limited empirical evidence on the relationship between monetary policy and profitability of commercial banks in Uganda. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This study seeks to examine the effect of monetary policy on the profitability of commercial banks in Uganda. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The study adopts a causal relationship research design. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Data, covering 9 years from 2010-2018, was collected from all the registered commercial banks which were in operation over the study period. Various monetary policy variables are included in the empirical model as predictor variables. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Return on </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ssets is used as a measure of bank profitability</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. A </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">dynamic two-step System Generalized Method of Moments panel estimator is applied to estimate the empirical model. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Findings:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Estimates show that monetary policy in terms of its link to the lending rate</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">has a significant causal effect on Return on Assets, suggesting that interest rate changes predict bank profitability of commercial banks in Uganda.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Further, results</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">show that a rise in core inflation has a significant negative causal effect on</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the banks’ profitability and that there is a significant lagged effect of Return on Assets.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The 91-day treasury bill rate </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and money supply were insignificant in predicting bank profitability. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Originality:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Unlike previous related studies which have focused on major advanced economies and a limited number of studies which have considered only a few developing countries like Nigeria and Kenya, the current study provides empirical evidence on the link between monetary policy and commercial bank profitability in Uganda. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Practical Implications:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Policy makers in the financial sector may use the study results as a basis of implementation of appropriate monetary policy actions that enhance the profitability of Uganda’s commercial banks. For instance, the central</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bank should promote low and stable core inflation in order to enhance bank profitability, and should ensure that the monetary policy transmission to interest rates is efficient.</span>