Contribution of Garcinia kola to the Productivity and Economic Profitability of the Community Agricultural Area of Kedougou: Financial and Comparative Analysis of Production Factors

Inland fishing predominates in the Kedougou region, which has no coastline. This type of fishing does not yet meet the local population’s demand for fish products. In response to this concern, a Community Agricultural Estate housing an integrated fish farm was set up in the commune of Bandafassi, in the village of Itato. Since its creation, this production unit has been faced with the problem of sourcing high-quality, low-cost, monosex male Oreochromis niloticus fry. In order to overcome this constraint, the present research focuses on the contribution of Garcinia kola to the productivity and economic profitability of the Itato farm. The aim of the research is to assess fish production in the experimental set-up and the production costs of tilapia in a controlled environment. The comparative study of the various production factors shows disparities only in the input factor, where scenarios 2 and 3 use additional products. These are 17-α-methytestosterone for scenario 2 and Garcinia kola for scenario 3. These products significantly interfere with fish production, with a fairly high mortality rate for scenario 2 (25% for two production cycles/ cohort2 (B5, B6, B7 and B8) treated with 17-α-methytestosterone). As for scenarios 1 and 3, mortalities are 5% with or without recourse to additional products (G. kola). In addition, average fish production for the three (03) scenarios is estimated at 28687.5 kg/2 cycles. It varies from one scenario to another, i.e. 30937.5 kg/2 cycles for scenarios 1 and 3 and 24187.5 kg/2 cycles for scenario 2. It is therefore higher in scenarios 1 and 3 than in scenario 2. This difference is due to the fairly large losses of individuals in scenario 2. Furthermore, the analysis of the profit and loss accounts for tilapia production varies from one scenario to another depending on the type of farm: 476 Franc CFA for scenario 1, 610 Franc CFA for scenario 2 and 472 Franc CFA for scenario 3 (F CFA = franc of the French Colonies of Africa). The Average operating income for all the fish farming units is 34,726,142 Franc CFA. The highest (41,638,075 Franc CFA) and lowest (29,281,075 Franc CFA) ERs were observed in scenarios 3 and 2 respectively. It was 33,259,275 Franc CFA for scenario 1. The difference between the NERs of the three scenarios is more or less significant in terms of results. The operating result (OR) is positive in all 3 scenarios in our study. However, the scenario 3 system generates a higher rate of return (the ratio between an income and the capital employed to obtain that income) (74%) than that generated by the scenario 1 system (69%). As for the scenario 2 system, it generates a lower financial return than the two previous systems (67%). Above all, this work made it possible to construct an approach that would make it possible to answer such a question by relying successively on various methods: a typology, according to the production factors involved in the operation of the Community Agricultural Estate fish farm.

Comparative Analysis of Profit Model of Typical Pharmaceutical O2O Enterprises in China

Objective To study the profit model of Chinese pharmaceutical O2O enterprises.Methods A case study of three typical pharmaceutical O2O enterprises was conducted,and their profit models were compared.Results and Conclusion The pharmaceutical O2O enterprises in China are divided into three categories according to the profit models.It is found that the current pharmaceutical O2O enterprises have problems such as simple profit model and low corporate profits.Based on these problems,it is recommended that relevant enterprises develop various business models to increase profit channels.Besides,they should establish and improve internal cost control systems.

Profits and Costs of the Development of Rural Cooperative Economic Organizations

Through analyzing the economic profits of rural cooperative economic organizations,the following conclusions are obtained.The rural cooperative economic organizations can get the economic profits which are in accordance with the demands of market-oriented economy.The rural cooperative economic organizations can benefit from sharing the knight service provided by the government;from reducing and avoiding various kinds of risks in operation and from applying the agricultural technology and standardization production.Besides,the organizations can share the profits bought along by the standardized production of agricultural production and their members can enjoy the profits bought by socialized service system.In addition,the rural cooperative economic organizations can enjoy the profits produced by the agricultural management integration strategy.What' more,they can increase profits by reducing the transaction costs;enlarging scale and enjoying the brand advantages.The analyses of the costs of the development of rural cooperative economic organizations mainly include the organizing costs,operation costs,restriction costs and cooperation costs.We think that the slow development of rural cooperative economic organizations is caused by their high operation cost and the impediment of external environment.In the end,the countermeasures on strengthening the research on the theory,promotion,education and training of rural economic cooperative organizations and intensifying the supports on the policies of rural economic cooperative organizations are put forward.

Industrial Profits Decreased in the First Ten Months of 2019

Import and export In January-October 2019,China’s total import and export value reached USD 3.74 trillion,with a decrease of 2.5%year-on-year (the same as below).The exports were USD 2.04trillion,with a decrease of 0.2%,and the imports were USD 1.70 trillion,with a decrease of 5.1%.The trade surplus was USD 340.29 billion,increasing by 34.9%.

Risk Neutral Options Based on Maximum Profits

This study uses risk-neutral-probability(RNP,thereafter)to forecast future excepted profits in copper,gold,and platinum group metals.The RNP measures are advantageous where ones want to compare values of the same asset in different states.At the heart of this study is using future profits based on a binomial tree,which has RNPs.Overall,RNP profits converge more to the future-normal profits.And,the robustness results based on the vector autoregressive(hereon,VAR)model reveal that the profits react differently to different shocks stages from revenues,risk-free interest rates and profits.The findings of this study apply to copper,gold,and platinum mining around the globe.

Analysis on the Relationship between Degree of Fragmentation and Production Profits of Arable Landscapes upon Varying Landforms——a Case Study of Xinjian County, Jiangxi Province

The research selected five indices to measure fragmentation degrees of three landforms with GIS and analyzed the relationship with production profits of arable lands. The results showed that fragmentation degree of arable lands tends to be volatile upon landforms, For example, the fragmentation degree of mountainous area reached 0.985, followed by hills of 0.705 and the fragmentation degree of plains was the least at 0.068. Production profits of arable lands were negatively correlated with arable landscape fragmentation. Hence, it is necessary to take measures to reduce landscape fragmentation as per specific local circumstances to imorove production Drofits.

Empirical Research on Accounting Profits and Net Cash Flow of Chinese Public Companies ——Analysis Based on Profitability

In traditional analysis, enterprises＇ performance evaluation largely depends on profits indices, which results in the public companies＇ strong pursuit of accounting profits and neglect of net cash flow. It is of great significance to study this phenomenon in public companies for it can help to evaluate their profitability correctly. By making an empirical research on the status quo of the medical public companies＇ accounting profits, net cash flow, receivable and prepaid items, it is found that the phenomenon that the current accounting profits and net cash flow are inconsistent universally exists in the public companies; the current growth rates of accounts receivable, notes receivable, other accounts receivable and accounts prepaid in the companies which the phenomenon exists in are higher than those in other companies and the industrial average, especially for the latter two items; this phenomenon in economically developed areas is more obvious than in other areas. How to avoid the contradiction of accounting profits and net cash flow in the public companies？ Firstly, the credit risk awareness and management should be strengthened. Secondly, cash budget management should be enhanced. Finally, the index system of evaluation of the public companies＇ operating performance should be improved.

Economic Competition for High Profits from Antarctic Living Resources in Their Protection Area

Since 1790, Antarctic living resources were becoming subjects of competition among the exploiters to be first in obtaining the maximum profit from them. This led to subsequent extinction of valuable species from fur seals and next penguins, large through small whales, industrial demersal fish, further to pelagic species and now toothfish, crabs and krill. Catch proportions of their numerous and biomass decrease. The biomass of South Georgia Icefish estimated for 40 years in spide of decreasing trend has one of the largest components-the oscillations with periods of 3 years or 4 years. Their models explain large biomass fluctuations in the years 1975 to 1981 with amplitudes ±15 × 10^3 tonnes around average 20 ×10^3 tonnes and further decline up to 2005 season with oscillation ±4 ×10^3 tonnes around average 5 × 10^3 tonnes. For future season, 2016 model predicts a little increase of the biomass oscillation at level of 8 × 10^3 tonnes with reduced amplitude 2 × 10^3 tonnes. Slowly increase density of adult fish was also reported for target similar and close related mackerel icefish. Additional references for biomass levels help reduce the risk of further depletion biomass of Pseudochaenichthys georgianus which already declined to 75%. As global warming promote phytoplankton growth, replacing krill fishery by algae farms can save unique Antarctic heritages.

Industrial profits decreased 27.4%in the first four months of 2020

In the first four months of 2020,the profits made by industrial enterprises above the designated size achieved 1,259.79 billion yuan,a yearon-year decrease of 27.4 percent(calculated on comparable basis),and the pace of decline narrowed 9.3 percentage points over the first three months.

Chinese Demand Boosts Luxury Brand Profits

The world’s biggest luxury brands have their eyes set on the Chinese consumer - a strategy that is reaping profits. In the next few months,the British fashion house Burberry will expand its retail space in China to capitalize on strong Chinese consumer demand for luxury products.Already,sales in China have contributed 4 percent to

Industrial profits increased in the first seven months of 2017

In the first seven months of 2017, the profits made by industrial enterprises above the designated size achieved 4,248.12 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 21.2 percent, and the growth rate decreased by 0.8 percentage points from the first six months.

Size matters:analyzing bank profitability and efficiency under the Basel III framework

The latest regulatory framework,which has been introduced globally in the form of Basel III,and its implementation in the legislation of the member states of the Euro-pean Union has generated much interest in the impact of regulation on the efficiency and profitability of banks.This study aims to examine the impact of the introduction of two major regulatory changes(Basel II and Basel III)on bank performance,in terms of bank size and bank-specific and macroeconomic variables.A two-stage empirical anal-ysis was conducted on a sample of 433 European commercial banks over the 2006–2015 period.In the first stage,relative efficiency was calculated using non-parametric data envelopment analysis.In the second stage,the generalized method of moments was used to examine the impact of bank-specific and macroeconomic variables as well as regulation on bank performance,that is,profitability and efficiency.Consider-ing bank size,the results show a diverse impact of regulation on bank performance.Regarding large-and medium-sized banks,regulation positively affects both efficiency and profitability,whereas,for small banks,it negatively affects performance.The results suggest that larger banks have skillfully adapted to the new regulatory environment.In contrast,small banks have problems with profitability and efficiency because the new regulatory framework has imposed additional administrative and regulatory burdens.This could result in future failure or mergers with larger banks,resulting in a higher concentration in the banking sector and increased systemic risk.Our results strongly suggest that regulation should not be implemented equally for all banks;that is,on a one size fits all terms.A distinction between small and large banks when introducing new regulatory frameworks should be made if a reasonable level of competition is to be preserved.

Foreign Bestsellers in China:A License to Print Profits?

Autobiographies of Western political and sports figures sit beside tell-alls by captains of industry and self-help books in China’s bookshops.

Profits Paradox

WHILE the Chinese economy loses momentum, commercial banks of the country are defiantly glittering with handsome profits.

Desert Holds Green Profits

CPC member shows how both quality of life and big business can benefit from forestation by Liu Wei FOR Elion Resources Group Co.President Wang Wen-biao, joining the United Nations Global Compact is not simply about paying membership dues,but more about fulfulling social responsibility as a Chinese enterprise. Wang,also a member of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference,was on hand to see his company join the organization on February 22, 2011.

得零售者可以得天下——基于银行利润效率视角

零售业务作为商业银行的基础业务和战略性业务,已经成为中国银行业整体收入增长的主要动力。本文以我国48家商业银行2011—2021年的数据为研究对象,以产出定位的非单调异质性随机前沿方法为基础,测度了商业银行的利润效率水平,并利用2SLS探究零售业务对银行利润效率的整体影响。研究发现,银行零售业务的发展能够有效地提高银行的利润效率,尤其是信用卡业务对利润效率的正向影响最大,个人住房抵押贷款对利润效率的影响次之,消费贷和经营贷的影响最小;第二,国有银行、股份制银行的零售业务对利润效率的促进程度远高于城商行和农商行;第三,中国银行业利润效率整体呈上升趋势,其中,股份制银行的利润效率水平位居榜首,城商行利润效率自2011年以来一路上升,2021年增长到0.5872,而农商行的利润效率水平最低。

Profitability Level and Determinants of Tea Intercropping in Taraba State

Intercropping involves the cultivation of more than one crop on a plot of land at a particular time.Tea intercropping with other crops can increase the profitability of farmers and the development of tea plants.The study estimated the profitability level of intercropped tea farms and determined the factors affecting the profitability of tea intercropping systems in the study area.Information was obtained from two hundred and four tea farmers using a well-structured questionnaire.The analytical techniques used in the study were descriptive analysis and linear regression.The results revealed that the majority(95.6%)of the farmers are from Kakara and Nyiwa towns.There are few(2.9%)women involved in tea farming in Taraba State.29%of the tea farmers are young less than 30 years and old above 60 years.Fifteen percent of the farmers are single,83.8%are married and 1.5%are divorced.About 40%of the tea farmers had no formal education,21%have between 1-6 years of education,19%had 7-12 years of education and 21%had greater than 12 years of education.The gross margin is N289,900,581.9 and the gross margin per farmer is N1,421,081.28.The net income is N2,879,055,533.3 and the net income per farmer is N1,411,301.63.The amount of profit tea farmers make in Taraba State is N1,425,001 and the profit per farmer is N6,985.30.Labour costs(weeding,pruning,application of insecticide,watering)and cost of materials(cutlass,file,chemical,bag and others)are significant determinants of the profit level of the tea intercropping system in Taraba State.Tea intercropping farming is profitable in Taraba State Nigeria.

颠覆性技术多元化投入的利益分配及激励机制

我国颠覆性创新多元化投入机制的平台支撑体系建设亟待完善,因此需深入研究适用于颠覆性技术多元化投入的利益分配以及政府补贴机制。其中,公平的利益分配和合理化的激励机制是促使颠覆性技术多元投入有效性的关键因素。因此,针对颠覆性技术多元化投入利益分配以及激励机制设计等问题,采取合作-非合作博弈分析颠覆性技术多元投入的各个参与主体行为,引入风险因子探讨不同主体主导下的情况,并进一步研究政府补贴对各主体投入积极性的影响,进而以明晰多元化投入的激励机制方案选择。研究发现:在颠覆性创新多元化投入的过程中会存在创新投入积极性不足的情况,这是由于各主体出于自身利益最大化考虑;由政府牵头时,整个颠覆性技术投入合作较由其他主体主导下的合作收益高;在政府主导下采取政府补贴形式,可以有效激励其他各个颠覆性创新投入主体的积极性。为此,促进颠覆性创新的投入多元化,政府要构建多元化投入机制,设计合理的利益分配机制与激励机制,并在参与合作时设定恰当的成本补贴额度。

厨电行业盈利能力评价——基于“盈利能力分析框架”的视角

盈利能力是体现一个企业实力的核心,对企业实现战略目标意义重大。文章以厨电行业主要上市公司为研究对象,借助盈利能力分析框架战略制定部分从市场战略、业务战略和投资战略三个部分选取相关因素对企业盈利能力进行量化分析,并提取厨电行业上市公司盈利能力的影响因子,组成新变量,对新变量进行回归拟合,再通过逐步回归法筛选出影响企业盈利能力的最优组合进行分析,以得出对盈利能力影响最大的因素。研究发现,Operational cost、Service fee和Sales cost均与Roe显著负相关,即企业在生产、售后服务和销售方面的成本越高,企业的净资产收益率就越低,盈利能力就越弱;Fixed与Roe显著正相关,即企业固定资产周转率越快,资产的利用效率就越好,企业的盈利能力就越强。最后提出提升盈利能力的建议。

数字化转型与企业金融化:促进还是抑制?

企业数字化转型是为了获得长远发展还是成为管理层投机主义行为的工具?以2011—2021年我国A股上市企业数据为实证样本,研究数字化转型与企业金融化的关系以及动机对这一关系的影响。研究发现:数字化转型会促进企业金融化;动机识别检验出投机套利动机是数字化转型推进企业金融化过程中的主要动机。进一步研究发现:在股权集中度低、国有产权、中西部地区的企业中,数字化转型对企业金融化的正向作用会受到抑制;在金融资产类型差异检验中发现,数字化转型会增加企业短期金融资产投资,而与长期金融资产投资不存在显著关系。研究结论丰富了相关文献,有助于深入理解数字化转型与企业金融化的内在原理,对监督数字化转型、破除金融化难题提供了方法和理论支撑,也为政府相关部门制定合理的数字化发展政策以及企业进行数字化转型变革实践提供了一定的指引和建议。