GATIS score for predicting the prognosis of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms:A Chinese multicenter study of 12-year experience

BACKGROUND There is currently a shortage of accurate,efficient,and precise predictive instruments for rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs).AIM To develop a predictive model for individuals with rectal NENs(R-NENs)using data from a large cohort.METHODS Data from patients with primary R-NENs were retrospectively collected from 17 large-scale referral medical centers in China.Random forest and Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify the risk factors for overall survival and progression-free survival,and two nomograms were constructed.RESULTS A total of 1408 patients with R-NENs were included.Tumor grade,T stage,tumor size,age,and a prognostic nutritional index were important risk factors for prognosis.The GATIS score was calculated based on these five indicators.For overall survival prediction,the respective C-indexes in the training set were 0.915(95%confidence interval:0.866-0.964)for overall survival prediction and 0.908(95%confidence interval:0.872-0.944)for progression-free survival prediction.According to decision curve analysis,net benefit of the GATIS score was higher than that of a single factor.The time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the predictive power of the GATIS score was higher than that of the TNM stage and pathological grade at all time periods.CONCLUSION The GATIS score had a good predictive effect on the prognosis of patients with R-NENs,with efficacy superior to that of the World Health Organization grade and TNM stage.

Marker Ki-67 is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer based on two cohorts

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer(PCa)is a widespread malignancy,predominantly affecting elderly males,and current methods for diagnosis and treatment of this disease continue to fall short.The marker Ki-67(MKI67)has been previously demonstrated to correlate with the proliferation and metastasis of various cancer cells,including those of PCa.Hence,verifying the association between MKI67 and the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa,using bioinformatics databases and clinical data analysis,carries significant clinical implications.AIM To explore the diagnostic and prognostic efficacy of antigens identified by MKI67 expression in PCa.METHODS For cohort 1,the efficacy of MKI67 diagnosis was evaluated using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Genotype-Tissue Expression(GTEx)databases.For cohort 2,the diagnostic and prognostic power of MKI67 expression was further validated using data from 271 patients with clinical PCa.RESULTS In cohort 1,MKI67 expression was correlated with prostate-specific antigen(PSA),Gleason Score,T stage,and N stage.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve showed a strong diagnostic ability,and the Kaplan-Meier method demonstrated that MKI67 expression was negatively associated with the progression-free interval(PFI).The time-ROC curve displayed a weak prognostic capability for MKI67 expression in PCa.In cohort 2,MKI67 expression was significantly related to the Gleason Score,T stage,and N stage;however,it was negatively associated with the PFI.The time-ROC curve revealed the stronger prognostic capability of MKI67 in patients with PCa.Multivariate COX regression analysis was performed to select risk factors,including PSA level,N stage,and MKI67 expression.A nomogram was established to predict the 3-year PFI.CONCLUSION MKI67 expression was positively associated with the Gleason Score,T stage,and N stage and showed a strong diagnostic and prognostic ability in PCa.

A prognosis model for predicting immunotherapy response of esophageal cancer based on oxidative stress-related signatures

Oxidative stress(OS)is intimately associated with tumorigenesis and has been considered a potential therapeutic strategy.However,the OS-associated therapeutic target for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)remains unconfirmed.In our study,gene expression data of ESCC and clinical information from public databases were downloaded.Through LASSO-Cox regression analysis,a risk score(RS)signature map of prognosis was constructed and performed external verification with the GSE53625 cohort.The ESTIMATE,xCell,CIBERSORT,TIMER,and ImmuCellAI algorithms were employed to analyze infiltrating immune cells and generate an immune microenvironment(IM).Afterward,functional enrichment analysis clarified the underlying mechanism of the model.Nomogram was utilized for forecasting the survival rate of individual ESCC cases.As a result,we successfully constructed an OS-related genes(OSRGs)model and found that the survival rate of high-risk groups was lower than that of low-risk groups.The AUC of the ROC verified the strong prediction performance of the signal in these two cohorts further.According to independent prognostic analysis,the RS was identified as an independent risk factor for ESCC.The nomogram and follow-up data revealed that the RS possesses favorable predictive value for the prognosis of ESCC patients.qRT-PCR detection demonstrated increased expression of MPC1,COX6C,CYB5R3,CASP7,and CYCS in esophageal cancer patients.In conclusion,we have constructed an OSRGs model for ESCC to predict patients’prognosis,offering a novel insight into the potential application of the OSRGs model in ESCC.

Impact of preoperative inflammatory and nutritional markers on the prognosis of patients with peritoneal metastasis of colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Identifying patients with peritoneal metastasis(PMs)of colorectal cancer(CRC)who will benefit from cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is crucial before surgery.Inflammatory and nutritional indicators play essential roles in cancer development and metastasis.AIM To investigate the association of preoperative inflammatory and nutritional markers with prognosis in patients with CRC-PM.METHODS We included 133 patients diagnosed with CRC-PM between July 2012 and July 2018.Patients’demographics,overall survival(OS),and preoperative inflammatory and nutritional markers were evaluated.The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to estimate differences.RESULTS Of the 133 patients,94(70.6%)had normal hemoglobin(Hb)and 54(40.6%)had a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR).The median OS(mOS)was significantly lower for patients with high NLR(7.9 months)than for those with low NLR(25.4 months;P=0.002).Similarly,patients with normal Hb had a longer mOS(18.5 months)than those with low Hb(6.3 months;P<0.001).Multivariate analysis identified age,carbohydrate antigen 199 levels,NLR,Hb,and peritoneal cancer index as independent predictors of OS.Based on these findings,a nomogram was constructed,which demonstrated a good capacity for prediction,with a C-index of 0.715(95%confidence interval:0.684-0.740).Furthermore,the 1-and 2-year survival calibration plots showed good agreement between predicted and actual OS rates.The areas under the curve for the 1-and 2-year survival predictions of the nomogram were 0.6238 and 0.6234,respectively.CONCLUSION High NLR and low Hb were identified as independent predictive risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with CRC-PM.The established nomogram demonstrated high accuracy in predicting OS for patients with CRC-PM,indicating its potential as a valuable prognostic tool for this patient population.

Nomogram predicting the prognosis of primary liver cancer after radiofrequency ablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

BACKGROUND The incidence and mortality rates of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are high,and the conventional treatment is radiofrequency ablation(RFA)with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE);however,the 3-year survival rate is still low.Further,there are no visual methods to effectively predict their prognosis.AIM To explore the factors influencing the prognosis of HCC after RFA and TACE and develop a nomogram prediction model.METHODS Clinical and follow-up information of 150 patients with HCC treated using RFA and TACE in the Hangzhou Linping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2020 to December 2022 was retrospectively collected and recorded.We examined their prognostic factors using multivariate logistic regression and created a nomogram prognosis prediction model using the R software(version 4.1.2).Internal verification was performed using the bootstrapping technique.The prognostic efficacy of the nomogram prediction model was evaluated using the concordance index(CI),calibration curve,and receiver operating characteristic RESULTS Of the 150 patients treated with RFA and TACE,92(61.33%)developed recurrence and metastasis.Logistic regression analysis identified six variables,and a predictive model was created.The internal validation results of the model showed a CI of 0.882.The correction curve trend of the prognosis prediction model was always near the diagonal,and the mean absolute error before and after internal validation was 0.021.The area under the curve of the prediction model after internal verification was 0.882[95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.820-0.945],with a specificity of 0.828 and sensitivity of 0.656.According to the Hosmer-Lemeshow test,χ^(2)=3.552 and P=0.895.The predictive model demonstrated a satisfactory calibration,and the decision curve analysis demonstrated its clinical applicability.CONCLUSION The prognosis of patients with HCC after RFA and TACE is affected by several factors.The developed prediction model based on the influencing parameters shows a good prognosis predictive efficacy.

Circulating tumor DNA and its role in detection, prognosis and therapeutics of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is considered the fifth most prevalent cancer among all types of cancers and has the third most morbidity value. It has the most frequent duplication time and a high recurrence rate. Recently, the most unique technique used is liquid biopsies, which carry many markers;the most prominent is circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA). Varied methods are used to investigate ctDNA, including various forms of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) [emulsion PCR(ePCR), digital PCR(dPCR), and bead, emulsion, amplification, magnetic(BEAMing) PCR]. Hence ctDNA is being recognized as a potential biomarker that permits early cancer detection,treatment monitoring, and predictive data on tumor burden are subjective to therapy or surgery. Numerous ctDNA biomarkers have been investigated based on their alterations such as 1) single nucleotide variations(either insertion or deletion of a nucleotide) markers including TP53, KRAS, and CCND1;2) copy number variations which include markers such as CDK6, EFGR, MYC and BRAF;3) DNA methylation(RASSF1A, SEPT9, KMT2C and CCNA2);4) homozygous mutation includes ctDNA markers as CDKN2A, AXIN1;and 5) gain or loss of function of the genes, particularly for HCC. Various researchers have conducted many studies and gotten fruitful results.Still, there are some drawbacks to ctDNA namely low quantity, fragment heterogeneity, less stability, limited mutant copies and standards, and differential sensitivity. However, plenty of investigations demonstrate ctDNA's significance as a polyvalent biomarker for cancer and can be viewed as a future diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic agent. This article overviews many conditions in genetic changes linked to the onset and development of HCC, such as dysregulated signaling pathways, somatic mutations, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and genomic instability. Additionally, efforts are also made to develop treatments for HCC that are molecularly targeted and to unravel some of the genetic pathways that facilitate its early identification.

Predicting the Prognosis and Immunotherapeutic Response of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Constructing a Prognostic Model Based on CD8+T Cell-Related Immune Genes

Objective Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)poses a significant challenge for treatment efficacy.CD8+T cells,which are pivotal immune cells,can be effectively analyzed for differential gene expression across diverse cell populations owing to rapid advancements in sequencing technology.By leveraging these genes,our objective was to develop a prognostic model that accurately predicts the prognosis of patients with TNBC and their responsiveness to immunotherapy.Methods Sample information and clinical data of TNBC were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas and METABRIC databases.In the initial stage,we identified 67 differentially expressed genes associated with immune response in CD8+T cells.Subsequently,we narrowed our focus to three key genes,namely CXCL13,GBP2,and GZMB,which were used to construct a prognostic model.The accuracy of the model was assessed using the validation set data and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Furthermore,we employed various methods,including Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway,immune infiltration,and correlation analyses with CD274(PD-L1)to explore the model's predictive efficacy in immunotherapeutic responses.Additionally,we investigated the potential underlying biological pathways that contribute to divergent treatment responses.Results We successfully developed a model capable of predicting the prognosis of patients with TNBC.The areas under the curve(AUC)values for the 1-,3-,and 5-year survival predictions were 0.618,0.652,and 0.826,respectively.Employing this risk model,we stratified the samples into high-and low-risk groups.Through KEGG enrichment analysis,we observed that the high-risk group predominantly exhibited enrichment in metabolism-related pathways such as drug and chlorophyll metabolism,whereas the low-risk group demonstrated significant enrichment in cytokine pathways.Furthermore,immune landscape analysis revealed noteworthy variations between(PD-L1)expression and risk scores,indicating that our model effectively predicted the response of patients to immune-based treatments.Conclusion Our study demonstrates the potential of CXCL13,GBP2,and GZMB as prognostic indicators of clinical outcomes and immunotherapy responses in patients with TNBC.These findings provide valuable insights and novel avenues for developing immunotherapeutic approaches targeting TNBC.

Glucose metabolic reprogramming-related parameters for the prediction of 28-day neurological prognosis and all-cause mortality in patients after cardiac arrest:a prospective single-center observational study

BACKGROUND:We aimed to observe the dynamic changes in glucose metabolic reprogrammingrelated parameters and their ability to predict neurological prognosis and all-cause mortality in cardiac arrest patients after the restoration of spontaneous circulation(ROSC).METHODS:Adult cardiac arrest patients after ROSC who were admitted to the emergency or cardiac intensive care unit of the First Aflliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from August 1,2017,to May 30,2021,were enrolled.According to 28-day survival,the patients were divided into a non-survival group(n=82) and a survival group(n=38).Healthy adult volunteers(n=40) of similar ages and sexes were selected as controls.The serum levels of glucose metabolic reprogrammingrelated parameters(lactate dehydrogenase [LDH],lactate and pyruvate),neuron-specific enolase(NSE) and interleukin 6(IL-6) were measured on days 1,3,and 7 after ROSC.The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II(APACHE II) score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA) score were calculated.The Cerebral Performance Category(CPC) score was recorded on day 28 after ROSC.RESULTS:Following ROSC,the serum LDH(607.0 U/L vs.286.5 U/L),lactate(5.0 mmol/L vs.2.0 mmol/L),pyruvate(178.0 μmol/L vs.70.9 μmol/L),and lactate/pyruvate ratio(34.1 vs.22.1) significantly increased and were higher in the non-survivors than in the survivors on admission(all P<0.05).Moreover,the serum LDH,pyruvate,IL-6,APACHE II score,and SOFA score on days 1,3 and 7 after ROSC were significantly associated with 28-day poor neurological prognosis and 28-day all-cause mortality(all P<0.05).The serum LDH concentration on day 1 after ROSC had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) of 0.904 [95% confidence interval [95% CI]:0.851–0.957]) with 96.8% specificity for predicting 28-day neurological prognosis and an AUC of 0.950(95% CI:0.911–0.989) with 94.7% specificity for predicting 28-day all-cause mortality,which was the highest among the glucose metabolic reprogramming-related parameters tested.CONCLUSION:Serum parameters related to glucose metabolic reprogramming were significantly increased after ROSC.Increased serum LDH and pyruvate levels,and lactate/pyruvate ratio may be associated with 28-day poor neurological prognosis and all-cause mortality after ROSC,and the predictive eflcacy of LDH during the first week was superior to others.

NAD+associated genes as potential biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)plays an essential role in cellular metabolism,mitochondrial homeostasis,inflammation,and senescence.However,the role of NAD+-regulated genes,including coding and long non-coding genes in cancer development is poorly understood.We constructed a prediction model based on the expression level of NAD+metabolism-related genes(NMRGs).Furthermore,we validated the expression of NMRGs in gastric cancer(GC)tissues and cell lines;additionally,β-nicotinamide mononucleotide(NMN),a precursor of NAD+,was used to treat the GC cell lines to analyze its effects on the expression level of NMRGs lncRNAs and cellular proliferation,cell cycle,apoptosis,and senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP).A total of 13 NMRGs-related lncRNAs were selected to construct prognostic risk signatures,and patients with high-risk scores had a poor prognosis.Some immune checkpoint genes were upregulated in the high-risk group.In addition,cell cycle,epigenetics,and senescence were significantly downregulated in the high-risk group.Notably,we found that the levels of immune cell infiltration,including CD8 T cells,CD4 naïve T cells,CD4 memory-activated T cells,B memory cells,and naïve B cells,were significantly associated with risk scores.Furthermore,the treatment of NMN showed increased proliferation of AGS and MKN45 cells.In addition,the expression of SASP factors(IL6,IL8,IL10,TGF-β,and TNF-α)was significantly decreased after NMN treatment.We conclude that the lncRNAs associated with NAD+metabolism can potentially be used as biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes of GC patients.

Glycogen metabolism-mediated intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment influences liver cancer prognosis

Glycogen metabolism plays a key role in the development of hepatoellular carcinoma(HCC),but the function of glycogen metabolism genes in the tumor microenvironment(TME)is still to be elucidated.Single cell RNA-seq data were obtained from ten HCC tumor samples totaling 64,545 cells and 65 glycogen metabolism genes were analyzed bya nonnegative matrix factorization(NMF).The prognosis and immune response of new glycogen TME cell dusters were predicted by using HCC and immunotherapy cohorts from public databases.HOC single cell analysis was divided into fibroblasts,NT T cells,macrophages,endothelial clls,and B cells,which were separately divided into new cell clusters by glycogen metabolism gene annotation.Pseudo temporal trajectory analysis demonstrated the temporal differentiation trajectory of different glycogen subtype cell dusters.Cellular communication analysis revealed extensive interactions between endothelial cells with glycogen metabolizing TME cell.related subtypes and diferent glycogen subtype cell clusters.SCENIC analysis of transcription factors upstream of TME cell clusters with different glycogen metabolism.In addition,TME cell dusters of glycogen metabolism were found to be enriched in expression in CAF subtypes,CD8 depleted,M1,and M2 types.Bulk seq analysis showed the prognostic signifcance of glycogen metabolism.mediated TME cell dusters in HCC,while a significant immune response was found in the immunotherapy cohort in patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade(ICB),especially for CAFs,T cells,and macrophages In summary,our study reveals for the first time that glycogen metabolism mediates intercellular communication in the hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment while elucidating the anti-tumor mechanisms and immune prognostic responses of different subtypes of cell dusters.

Identification of an immune-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy in liver cancer via cell-cell communication

BACKGROUND Liver cancer is one of the deadliest malignant tumors worldwide.Immunotherapy has provided hope to patients with advanced liver cancer,but only a small fraction of patients benefit from this treatment due to individual differences.Identifying immune-related gene signatures in liver cancer patients not only aids physicians in cancer diagnosis but also offers personalized treatment strategies,thereby improving patient survival rates.Although several methods have been developed to predict the prognosis and immunotherapeutic efficacy in patients with liver cancer,the impact of cell-cell interactions in the tumor microenvir-onment has not been adequately considered.AIM To identify immune-related gene signals for predicting liver cancer prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy.METHODS Cell grouping and cell-cell communication analysis were performed on single-cell RNA-sequencing data to identify highly active cell groups in immune-related pathways.Highly active immune cells were identified by intersecting the highly active cell groups with B cells and T cells.The significantly differentially expressed genes between highly active immune cells and other cells were subsequently selected as features,and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression model was constructed to screen for diagnostic-related features.Fourteen genes that were selected more than 5 times in 10 LASSO regression experiments were included in a multivariable Cox regression model.Finally,3 genes(stathmin 1,cofilin 1,and C-C chemokine ligand 5)significantly associated with survival were identified and used to construct an immune-related gene signature.RESULTS The immune-related gene signature composed of stathmin 1,cofilin 1,and C-C chemokine ligand 5 was identified through cell-cell communication.The effectiveness of the identified gene signature was validated based on experi-mental results of predictive immunotherapy response,tumor mutation burden analysis,immune cell infiltration analysis,survival analysis,and expression analysis.CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the identified gene signature may contribute to a deeper understanding of the activity patterns of immune cells in the liver tumor microenvironment,providing insights for personalized treatment strategies.

The lactylation index predicts the immune microenvironment and prognosis of pan-cancer patients

Background:Protein lactylation is a new way for the“metabolic waste”lactic acid to perform novel functions.Nevertheless,our understanding of the contribution of protein lactylation to both tumor progression and therapeutic interventions remains imited.The construction of a scoring system for lactylation to predict the prognosis of pancancer patients and to evaluate the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)would improve our understanding of the clinical significance of lactylation.Methods:Consensus clustering analysis of lactylation-related genes was used to cluster 177 pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PAAD)patients.Subsequently,a scoring system was developed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression.Internal validation and external validation were both conducted to assess and confirm the predictive accuracy of the scoring system.Finally,leucine rich repeat containing 1(LRRC1),a newly discovered lactylation-related gene,was analyzed in PAAD in vitro.Results:Utilizing the profiles of 332 lactylation-related genes,a total of 177 patients with PAAD were segregated into two distinct groups.LacCluster^(high) patients had a poorer prognosis than LacCluster^(low) patients.Through the differential analysis between the LacCluster^(high) and LacCluster^(low) groups,we identified additional genes associated with lactylation.These genes were then integrated to construct the LacCluster-enhanced system,which enabled more accurate prognosis prediction for patients with PAAD.Then,a lactylation index containing three genes(LacI-3)was constructed using LASSO regression.This was done to enhance the usability of the LacCluster-enhanced system in the clinic.Compared to those in the LacI-3^(high) subgroup,patients in the LacI-3^(low) subgroup exhibited increased expression of immune checkpoint-related genes,more immune cell infiltration,lower tumor mutation burdens,and better prognoses,indicating a“hot tumor”phenotype.Moreover,knocking down the expression of LRRC1,the hub gene in the LacI-3 scoring system,inhibited PAAD cell invasion,migration,and proliferation in vitro.Ultimately,the significance of LacI-3 across cancers was confirmed.Conclusion:Our findings strongly imply that protein lactylation may represent a new approach to diagnosing and treating malignant tumors.

The impact of cerebral small vessel disease burden on prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Background Acute coronary syndrome(ACS)presents with a variable prognosis,posing significant public health challenges.This study investigated the potential link between cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)burden and outcomes in patients with ACS.Methods In this retrospective cohort study,ACS patients admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical Universi-ty,Beijing,China from January 2020 to October 2021,were analyzed.CSVD burden was assessed using magnetic resonance ima-ging markers,including white matter lesions,lacunar infarcts,cerebral microbleeds,and enlarged perivascular spaces.The correl-ation between CSVD burden and clinical outcomes,including major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events,myocar-dial infarction(MI),target vessel revascularization,stroke,and mortality was examined over a one-year follow-up.Results Out of 248 patients,216 patients were categorized into the low score group(LSG-CSVD)and 32 patients were categor-ized into the high score group(HSG-CSVD).Patients in the HSG-CSVD group exhibited significantly worse prognosis,with an el-evated risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events,MI,and target vessel revascularization.After adjusting for age,sex,hypertension,troponin T,and estimated glomerular filtration rate,a significantly higher risk of MI was observed in the HSG-CSVD group(HR=4.51,95%CI:1.53-13.26,P=0.006).Subgroup analysis by age and sex consistently demonstrated in-creased adverse outcomes in the HSG-CSVD.Conclusions The study highlights a direct association between increased CSVD burden and poorer ACS outcomes,particular-ly in MI risk.These findings underscore the importance of considering CSVD burden as a crucial prognostic factor in ACS manag-ement,facilitating risk stratification and guiding personalized treatment strategies.

Are preoperative inflammatory and nutritional markers important for the prognosis of patients with peritoneal metastasis of colorectal cancer?

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a type of cancer that grows from polypoid lesions developing over the years.It has a high incidence of about 1.8 million new cases annually.While screening and lifestyle modifications have stabilized the rate of CRC in high-income countries,the incidence of early-onset CRC is increasing globally.The worst prognosis for this cancer is linked to recurrence and metastasis,with peritoneal metastasis occurring in 8%to 20%of cases.In these cases,treatment with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is indicated.However,this approach is risky and requires careful selection of patients who will truly benefit from it.This article will discuss the correlation between nutrition and inflammation in patients with peritoneal metastasis and advanced CRC,emphasizing the importance of nutritional and inflammatory markers for assessing disease status.Finally,we will highlight the main biomarkers in the field.

Bioinformatics comprehensive analysis confirmed the potential involvement of SLC22A1 in lower-grade glioma progression and prognosis

Background:Although it has been established that the human Solute Carrier Family 22(SLC22)functions as a cationic transporter,influencing cellular biological metabolism by modulating the uptake of various cations,its impact on cancer prognosis remains unclear.Methods:We conducted a comprehensive analysis utilizing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and other databases to assess the prognostic value and functional implications across various tumors.Silence of SLC22A1 RNA in glioma U251 cells was performed to access the impact of SLC22A1 on lowergrade glioma(LGG)progression.Results:Our findings demonstrated a significant correlation between SLC22A1 expression and the survival time of patients with various cancers(p<0.05).Importantly,we found the potential involvement of SLC22A1 in occurrence and progress of certain cancers,with a pronounced impact on LGG.Further examination of the SLC22A1-LGG relationship revealed its status as an independent risk factor for LGG,suggesting its potential involvement in regulating diverse immune pathways and metabolic activities.Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas(CGGA)data supported the reliability of the risk score as a prognostic and recurrence indicator,emphasizing the accuracy of the nomograph(1,3,and 5-year-AUC>0.8).Cell proliferation and clone formation experiment proved that decreased expression of SLC22A1 in glioma U251 cells inhibited glioma cell growth.Conclusion:Our findings suggest SLC22A1 has huge prospects as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for LGG prognosis.SLC22A1 has only been proved to support cellular function previously.Our findings demonstrated a robust connection between the tumor microenvironment and functional proteins that maintain basal cell metabolism,which gifts unique tumor immune characteristics of gliomas.Additionally,we provide a highly practical prediction model for estimating the survival rate of LGG patients.

Predicting the prognosis of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)has good clinical efficacy in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC);however,its efficacy varies.This review summarized the ability of various markers to predict the efficacy of HAIC and provided a reference for clinical applications.As of October 25,2023,51 articles have been retrieved based on keyword predictions and HAIC.Sixteen eligible articles were selected for inclusion in this study.Comprehensive literature analysis found that methods used to predict the efficacy of HAIC include serological testing,gene testing,and imaging testing.The above indicators and their combined forms showed excellent predictive effects in retrospective studies.This review summarized the strategies currently used to predict the efficacy of HAIC in middle and advanced HCC,analyzed each marker's ability to predict HAIC efficacy,and provided a reference for the clinical application of the prediction system.

Prognosis of radiotherapy for esophageal cancer in elderly patients exceeding seventy-five years old

BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)often occurs in the elderly,with approximately 33%of patients aged≥75 years at the time of diagnosis.AIM To evaluate the prognostic factors for radiotherapy(RT)in elderly patients with unresectable EC.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics,toxic reactions,and survival information of EC patients aged≥75 years who underwent intensity-modulated RT at Lu’an Hospital of Anhui Medical University between January 2016 and September 2023.Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to draw the overall survival(OS)curves,and Cox regression analysis was employed to evaluate the influence of various clinical factors on the prognosis.RESULTS A total of 139 patients were enrolled.The median follow-up time was 52.0 months.The median OS was 20.0 months.The 1-year,2-year,3-year,and 5-year OS rates were 69.8%,38.7%,28.2%,and 17.5%,respectively.Univariate analysis showed that age,radiation dose,and chemotherapy had no significant impact on prognosis.Multivariate analysis indicated that clinical stage[Ⅲ-Ⅳa vsⅠ-Ⅱ,hazard ratio(HR)=2.421,95%confidence interval(CI):1.242-4.718,P=0.009;IVb vsⅠ-Ⅱ,HR=4.222,95%CI:1.888-9.438,P<0.001),Charlson comorbidity index(CCI)(0 vs≥1,HR=1.539,95%CI:1.015-2.332,P=0.042),and nutritional risk screening 2002(NRS2002)(<3 vs≥3,HR=2.491,95%CI:1.601-3.875,P<0.001)were independent prognostic factors for OS.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that CCI and NRS2002 were independent prognostic factors of OS for unresectable elderly EC patients undergoing RT.For elderly patients with EC,full attention should be given to biological age-related indicators,such as comorbidities and nutrition,when formulating treatment protocols.These factors should be considered in future clinical practice.

TRIANGLE operation,combined with adequate adjuvant chemotherapy,can improve the prognosis of pancreatic head cancer:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND The TRIANGLE operation involves the removal of all tissues within the triangle bounded by the portal vein-superior mesenteric vein,celiac axis-common hepatic artery,and superior mesenteric artery to improve patient prognosis.Although previously promising in patients with locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),data are limited regarding the long-term oncological outcomes of the TRIANGLE operation among resectable PDAC patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).AIM To evaluate the safety of the TRIANGLE operation during PD and the prognosis in patients with resectable PDAC.METHODS This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent PD for pancreatic head cancer between January 2017 and April 2023,with or without the TRIANGLE operation.Patients were divided into the PD_(TRIANGLE)and PD_(non-TRIANGLE)groups.Surgical and survival outcomes were compared between the two groups.Adequate adjuvant chemotherapy was defined as adjuvant chemotherapy≥6 months.RESULTS The PD_(TRIANGLE)and PD_(non-TRIANGLE) groups included 52 and 55 patients,respectively.There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics or perioperative indexes between the two groups.Furthermore,the recurrence rate was lower in the PD_(TRIANGLE) group than in the PD_(non-TRIANGLE) group(48.1%vs 81.8%,P<0.001),and the local recurrence rate of PDAC decreased from 37.8%to 16.0%.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that PD_(TRIANGLE)(HR=0.424;95%CI:0.256-0.702;P=0.001),adequate adjuvant chemotherapy≥6 months(HR=0.370;95%CI:0.222-0.618;P<0.001)and margin status(HR=2.255;95%CI:1.252-4.064;P=0.007)were found to be independent factors for the recurrence rate.CONCLUSION The TRIANGLE operation is safe for PDAC patients undergoing PD.Moreover,it reduces the local recurrence rate of PDAC and may improve survival in patients who receive adequate adjuvant chemotherapy.

Identification of a novel inflammatory-related gene signature to evaluate the prognosis of gastric cancer patients

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a highly aggressive malignancy with a heterogeneous nature,which makes prognosis prediction and treatment determination difficult.Inflammation is now recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer and plays an important role in the aetiology and continued growth of tumours.Inflammation also affects the prognosis of GC patients.Recent reports suggest that a number of inflammatory-related biomarkers are useful for predicting tumour prognosis.However,the importance of inflammatory-related biomarkers in predicting the prognosis of GC patients is still unclear.AIM To investigate inflammatory-related biomarkers in predicting the prognosis of GC patients.was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression model based on the GEO database.GC patients from the GSE26253 cohort were used for validation.Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to determine the independent prognostic factors,and a prognostic nomogram was established.The calibration curve and the area under the curve based on receiver operating characteristic analysis were utilized to evaluate the predictive value of the nomogram.The decision curve analysis results were plotted to quantify and assess the clinical value of the nomogram.Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to explore the potential regulatory pathways involved.The relationship between tumour immune infiltration status and risk score was analysed via Tumour Immune Estimation Resource and CIBERSORT.Finally,we analysed the association between risk score and patient sensitivity to commonly used chemotherapy and targeted therapy agents.RESULTS A prognostic model consisting of three inflammatory-related genes(MRPS17,GUF1,and PDK4)was constructed.Independent prognostic analysis revealed that the risk score was a separate prognostic factor in GC patients.According to the risk score,GC patients were stratified into high-and low-risk groups,and patients in the high-risk group had significantly worse prognoses according to age,sex,TNM stage and Lauren type.Consensus clustering identified three subtypes of inflammation that could predict GC prognosis more accurately than traditional grading and staging.Finally,the study revealed that patients in the low-risk group were more sensitive to certain drugs than were those in the high-risk group,indicating a link between inflammation-related genes and drug sensitivity.CONCLUSION In conclusion,we established a novel three-gene prognostic signature that may be useful for predicting the prognosis and personalizing treatment decisions of GC patients.

Risk factors for the prognosis of colon cancer

A study on clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in T4N0M0 colon cancer patients after R0 resection revealed that ileostomy,T stage,right hemicolectomy,irregular follow-up,and CA199 level were independent risk factors affecting overall survival.T4-stage cancer invades the entire thickness of the intestinal tract,increasing the difficulty of treatment and the risk of recurrence,and requires a combination of chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and targeted therapy to control the spread of cancer cells.The prognosis of right hemicolectomy is significantly worse than that of left hemicolectomy,and right hemicolectomy is an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis.Advanced age,histopathological type,and lymph node metastasis are also risk factors for colon cancer.