National Social Investment Programmes in Nigeria:A Descriptive Analysis of the Socio-Economic Contributions of N-Power Programme in Benue State

This study analysed the socio-economic contributions of N-Power programme amongst the beneficiaries of the scheme in Benue State.Prior to the introduction of N-Power programme,successive administrations in Nigeria have made concerted efforts towards improving the standard of living of the citizenry through the execution of various welfare or social intervention programmes,but not much successes were recorded.Learning from the mistakes of the past regimes,and by way of deliberate state policy,the Buhari’s government initiated a multi-pronged social investment policy,one of which is the N-power programme that came onboard in 2016,which also doubles as the subject of this study.To achieve the goal of this study,a combination of desktop research and survey design was employed.Questionnaires were administered to 390 respondents through a combination of stratified and random sampling techniques.The results of the survey were matched with that of the secondary data obtained through online websites and other related sources.The result indicated that N-Power made positive contributions to the socio-economic life of the beneficiaries in Benue State:specifically,the scheme contributed in poverty eradication,employment generation,skills acquisitions and capacity building.However,some aspect of our findings revealed that the programme has a number of challenges such as:inadequate cash support,delay in monthly cash transfer to beneficiaries,distance participants had to move to their work stations,absence of posting in N-Teach scheme,and lack of adequate working tools amongst others.To salvage this problem the paper recommended the following solutions:expansion of the scheme to cover N-Teach and other aspects,increment in the monthly cash transfer to cushion the high rate of inflation,support for the participants/beneficiaries in transportation and logistics,enrolment of more youth into the various schemes,proper monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the schemes amongst others.

Development of the Life Gatekeeper suicide prevention training programme in China:a Delphi study

Background Youth suicide has been a pressing public mental health concern in China,yet there is a lack of gatekeeper intervention programmes developed locally to prevent suicide among Chinese adolescents.Aims The current Delphi study was the first step in the systematic development of the Life Gatekeeper programme,the first gatekeeper programme to be developed locally in China that aims to equip teachers and parents with the knowledge,skills and ability to identify and intervene with students at high risk of suicide.Methods The Delphi method was used to elicit a consensus of experts who were invited to evaluate the importance of training content,the feasibility of the training delivery method,the possibility of achieving the training goals and,finally,the appropriateness of the training materials.Two Delphi rounds were conducted among local experts with diversified professional backgrounds in suicide research and practice.Statements were accepted for inclusion in the adjusted training programme if they were endorsed by at least 80%of the panel.Results Consensus was achieved on 201 out of 207 statements for inclusion into the adapted guidelines for the gatekeeper programme,with 151 from the original questionnaire and 50 generated from comments of the panel members.These endorsed statements were synthesised to develop the content of the Life Gatekeeper training programme.Conclusions This Delphi study provided an evidence base for developing the first gatekeeper training programme systematically and locally in China.We hope that the current study can pave the way for more evidence-based suicide prevention programmes in China.Further study is warranted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Life Gatekeeper training programme.

NewBee: Context-Free Grammar (CFG) of a New Programming Language for Novice Programmers

Learning programming and using programming languages are the essential aspects of computer science education.Students use programming languages to write their programs.These computer programs(students or practitioners written)make computers artificially intelligent and perform the tasks needed by the users.Without these programs,the computer may be visioned as a pointless machine.As the premise of writing programs is situated with specific programming languages,enormous efforts have been made to develop and create programming languages.However,each program-ming language is domain-specific and has its nuances,syntax and seman-tics,with specific pros and cons.These language-specific details,including syntax and semantics,are significant hurdles for novice programmers.Also,the instructors of introductory programming courses find these language specificities as the biggest hurdle in students learning,where more focus is on syntax than logic development and actual implementation of the program.Considering the conceptual difficulty of programming languages and novice students’struggles with the language syntax,this paper describes the design and development of a Context-Free Grammar(CFG)of a programming language for the novice,newcomers and students who do not have computer science as their major.Due to its syntax proximity to daily conversations,this paper hypothesizes that this language will be easy to use and understand by novice programmers.This paper systematically designed the language by identifying themes from various existing programming languages(e.g.,C,Python).Additionally,this paper surveyed computer science experts from industry and academia,where experts self-reported their satisfaction with the newly designed language.The results indicate that 93%of the experts reported satisfaction with the NewBee for novice,newcomer and non-Computer Sci-ence(CS)major students.

Clinical effects of a traditional Chinese medicine nursing programme to intervene in gastric pain of the spleen and stomach with Qi deficiency

BACKGROUND Gastroparesis is a common digestive disorder characterized by delayed gastric emptying,which can lead to symptoms such as nausea,vomiting,abdominal pain,and poor appetite.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been used for centuries to treat gastrointestinal disorders,including gastroparesis.TCM theory suggests that spleen and stomach qi deficiency syndrome is one of the main pathogenic factors in gastroparesis.Nursing care plays an important role in the treatment of gastroparesis,and TCM nursing interventions have shown promising results in improving patient outcomes.However,there is limited research on the clinical effectiveness of TCM nursing interventions for gastroparesis with spleen stomach deficiency syndrome.This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effect of TCM nursing intervention in the treatment of gastroparesis with spleen stomach deficiency syndrome and to compare it with routine nursing interventions.AIM To analyze the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine nursing intervention in the treatment of gastric paraplegia with spleen stomach deficiency syndrome.METHODS From January 2020 to July 2021,80 patients with gastroparesis of spleen stomach qi deficiency type diagnosed in our hospital were selected for the study.The 80 patients were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group,with 40 cases in each group.During the treatment period,the control group received routine nursing interventions,while the experimental group received traditional Chinese medicine nursing procedures.Compare the nursing effects of the two groups and observe the changes in traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores,pain levels,and sleep quality before and after treatment.RESULTS After treatment,comparing the treatment effects of the two groups,the total effective rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the TCM symptom score,visual analogue scale(VAS)score,and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)score between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).However,after treatment,the TCM syndrome scores,VAS scores,and PSQI scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).CONCLUSION In the clinical nursing intervention of patients with mild gastroparesis due to spleen and stomach qi deficiency,the traditional Chinese medicine nursing plan has good clinical application value and nursing effect,and has a good effect on improving patients’pain and sleep quality.

Jointly Promoting Human Rights Development and Firmly Rejecting Hegemonic Acts—Commemorating the 30th Anniversary of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action

China is an advocate and practitioner of the spirit of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action,and actively participates in and contributes to global human rights governance.Over the past 30 years,China has continuously promoted the implementation of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action in China and globally,leading to historic achievements in China’s human rights endeavors.

Beijing Peaceland Foundation Holds Technical Exchanges and Training Programme of Rescue and Disaster Relief in Tanzania

From November 4th to 12th,2023,the Beijing Peaceland Foundation organised a technical exchanges and training Programme of rescue and disaster relief in Tanzania.The training included first aid,fire prevention,rescues in water areas and mountainous regions,drone application,etc.

基于PLC技术的联合收割机电气控制系统设计

以联合收割机电气控制系统为研究对象,利用可编程控制器(PLC)对联合收割机电气控制系统进行改进,以提高联合收割机运行效率和可靠性。通过对联合收割机的工作原理和液压作动系统进行分析,基于可编程控制器(PLC)进行联合收割机电气系统整体设计,并对电气系统的运行效果进行测试分析。试验结果表明:系统运行可靠,能够获得良好的收割效果,可将收割损失率控制在2%以内,验证了系统运行过程稳定性。

基于5G多接入边缘计算的云化PLC系统架构设计与应用

随着工业控制系统对柔性化、扁平化的要求不断提升,以PLC为构建基础的传统工业控制网络在大规模接入、算力提升和部署灵活性方面均受到限制.针对这些问题,融合5G网络和边缘计算技术,设计了基于5G多接入边缘计算的云化PLC系统架构,阐述了该架构的运行机制和所涉及的关键技术;在此基础上,进行PLC系统的云化部署和调试,实现了工业现场、企业数据中心、5G网络和边缘网络的集成;最后,通过在某汽车制造公司产线改造过程中的应用,验证了所提架构的有效性.

基于PLC反渗透海水淡化控制系统的设计与开发

针对反渗透海水淡化系统工艺复杂、运维繁琐、对操作人员专业技能要求高的特点,研发了一套反渗透海水淡化控制系统。详细研究整个工艺系统中预处理、反渗透等关键工艺环节的原理及自动控制过程。从系统的硬件设计和软件开发两个方面进行详细阐述。硬件设计方面,根据装置规模和控制需求完成控制系统设备选型。软件开发方面,完成控制器及人机交互界面多套软件的开发。该系统成功应用于高校反渗透海水淡化教学实践课。应用结果表明:该系统设计合理、操作界面简洁方便,在稳定安全运行的同时可实现教学培训、故障处理等目的。该系统在提高海水淡化操作人员专业技能的同时,也对高校创新其他专业的实操培训课程提供了借鉴和技术支撑。

北京市3岁前儿童非免疫规划疫苗接种状况与趋势研究

目的了解北京市3岁前儿童非免疫规划(non-expanded programme on immunization,non-EPI)疫苗接种水平和变化趋势,为加强对非EPI疫苗管理提供参考。方法2023年9月1日,采用系统抽样方法随机抽取北京市免疫规划信息管理系统中2011、2014、2017和2020年的8月份出生的所有儿童个案,分析各年份抽样儿童3岁前接种非EPI疫苗的种类及户籍分布、首剂接种比例、全程免疫完成比例及其变化趋势。结果研究对象共108210名。非EPI疫苗总剂次分别为88019、109442、104451和130501剂次。研究对象3岁前水痘疫苗、肠道病毒71型灭活疫苗(EV71疫苗)和吸附无细胞百白破灭活脊髓灰质炎和b型流感嗜血杆菌(结合)联合疫苗(DTaP-IPV-Hib五联疫苗)首剂接种比例均逐年增加,由最初的<10%分别增加至82.20%、61.07%和39.20%;2020年研究对象中,接种总剂次居前5位的非免疫规划疫苗是13价肺炎疫苗、DTaP-IPV-Hib五联疫苗、EV71疫苗、5价轮状病毒疫苗和水痘疫苗,首剂接种比例分别为48.30%、39.20%、61.07%、30.58%和82.20%,京籍儿童均高于非京籍儿童(P<0.05);3岁前DTaP-IPV-Hib五联疫苗、EV71疫苗和5价轮状病毒疫苗在接种首剂后的多剂次疫苗的全程免疫完成比例分别为92.26%、96.56%和94.37%,京籍儿童均高于非京籍儿童(P<0.05)。结论北京市3岁前儿童非EPI疫苗接种数量和新疫苗种类不断增加,全程接种依从性较高。而在非EPI疫苗的首剂接种比例和非京籍儿童中均需进一步提高。建议开展相关影响因素研究,加强非免疫规划疫苗的技术指导,进一步提高全市非免疫规划疫苗接种数量和质量。

2011—2020年四川省实施结核病防治规划的卫生经济学评价

目的:评估2011—2020年四川省结核病防治经费投入产生的社会效益,为制定新时期中长期发展规划提供参考依据。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,从“结核病管理信息系统”和“传染病监测”系统中收集四川省2011—2020年(“十二五”和“十三五”期间)涂阳肺结核患者治疗转归情况和肺结核患者劳动人口比例,结合四川省统计年鉴和全国结核病防治规划终期评估规划自评调查表等获取经费资料和人均国内生产总值(GDP),采用卫生经济学中常用的成本-效果、成本-效用、成本-效益等3种分析方法估算10年间结核病防治经费投入的社会效果、社会效用和社会效益,并对比分析“十二五”和“十三五”期间的估算结果。结果:2011—2020年,四川省共投入结核病防治经费76032.60万元,成功治疗涂阳肺结核患者160167例,避免了696899名健康人受到传染,挽救了1155277个伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY),为社会节约医疗费用6.05亿元,挽回社会经济损失约370.32亿元。每投入1091.01元即可避免1名健康人被传染,每投入658.13元即可挽回1个DALY,每投入1元即可产生49.50元的社会经济效益。“十三五”期间带来的总社会效益(209.22亿元)较“十二五”期间(167.14亿元)增长了25.18%[(209.22-167.14)/167.14],但政府每投入1元的结核病防治经费产生的社会效益(47.56元)较“十二五”期间(52.17元)减少了4.61元。结论:2011—2020年间各级政府和国际项目对四川省结核病防控工作投入的经费产生了较好的社会效果、效用和效益。建议在保持目前经费投入力度的基础上,各级政府进一步加大投入,尤其对病原学阳性肺结核患者的发现和治疗管理力度,以期产生更高的社会效益。

儿科医师转岗培训满意度调查研究

目的调查儿科医师转岗培训满意度,并探讨存在的问题和影响因素,为进一步完善儿科医师转岗培训制度和提高培训质量提供参考。方法采用自制满意度调查量表对2020年11月—2021年11月在湖南省人民医院参加儿科医师转岗培训的81名学员进行转岗医师培训满意度调查。结果81名学员来自湖南省14个地州市,其中来自县市级医疗机构62名、社区医院及乡镇卫生院19名,参加培训的学员77.8%为女性,年龄主要分布在>30~40岁,87.7%的学员具有本科学历,42.0%的学员已取得中级及以上职称。儿科转岗医师对转岗培训的总体满意度评分为(3.72±0.32)分,对理论培训内容的评分最高[(4.02±0.59)分],对临床带教实施的评分最低[(3.44±0.78)分]。>30~40岁年龄段和中高级职称学员的总体满意度、理论培训内容、临床带教实施维度评分高于其他年龄段和职称学员,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论儿科转岗医师对转岗培训的总体情况满意度较高,但在临床带教实施、临床技能培训、教学活动实施、培训管理方面还需加强,轮转培训方案也需根据学员情况进行调整。

面向学科交叉融合的综合性实训教学装置设计与教学实践

针对工程训练实训教学装置功能单一、缺乏多学科交叉与整合能力等问题,以多种特征的物料识别与分拣为应用背景,在综合应用PLC控制技术、传感器技术、气动控制与机电传动控制技术的基础上,结合数字图像处理与卷积神经网络技术,基于树莓派与Jetson嵌入式计算平台,自主研制了一种物料特征识别与分拣综合实训教学装置。与现有同类实训装置相比,该自制实训装置具有体积小,功能多和成本低的优势。实践教学表明,将传统PLC控制与人工智能技术元素有机结合,以及将课内教学延伸至创客活动和学生第二课堂,能有效提升学生的工程认知水平和工程实践能力,体现多学科交叉、多技术融合的高等工程教育特征。

ChatGPT对程序员职业的双重影响

ChatGPT的诞生开启了一场波及各行业的技术革命,人工智能在机械性的工作中展示了巨大的潜能,以至于威胁到一些工作岗位的存续,也引发了各行各业和学者们的热烈讨论。软件开发者--—大众口中的程序员,正站在这场技术革命的十字路口,ChatGPT得天独厚的能力既完美地匹配了程序员的工作,同时也威胁到本属于人类的工作岗位。但是这些威胁并非来自技术本身,而是技术的所有者在规范不健全的当下,对他人权利的侵犯。以ChatGPT为代表的人工智能技术不会夺走全部人类的工作,而是会对这些工作加以改变、改善,然而这一切的前提是对人工智能的发展进行正确的引导和规范。如何提升对这种尖端技术的监管能力,如何在发展技术的同时保障人们的权利,将是决定人工智能未来的关键。

家庭Ⅱ期心脏康复结构化教育在冠脉支架植入术患者中的应用效果

目的探讨基于知信行理论的家庭Ⅱ期心脏康复结构化教育对冠脉支架植入术术后患者生活质量及再入院率的影响。方法将80例行冠脉支架植入术术后住院患者随机分为干预组和对照组,每组40例。对照组住院期间和出院后给予常规健康教育干预;干预组在常规健康教育的基础上实施家庭Ⅱ期心脏康复结构化教育干预。比较2组患者干预前和干预3个月后的生活质量[采用中国心血管病人生活质量评定问卷(CQQC)进行评价]及再入院率情况。结果干预组干预前后CQQC评分分别为(71.18±15.11)、(82.70±15.92)分,对照组分别为(71.85±15.64)、(70.13±15.64)分,2组干预前CQQC评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预组干预后CQQC评分显著高于对照组干预后(P<0.001);干预组再入院率显著低于对照组(5.0%比25.0%,P<0.05)。结论基于知信行理论的家庭Ⅱ期心脏康复结构化教育可有效改善冠脉支架植入术术后患者的体力状况和生活质量,降低患者的再入院率。

脉冲式连续微波干燥树莓果浆的控制系统和品质优化

为改善微波加热均匀性,提高连续式微波干燥树莓果浆干后品质,在自行研制脉冲式微波输出可编程控制器(Programmable Logic Controller,PLC)控制系统上,采用中心组合试验设计方法,分析微波占空比、脉冲周期、风速和干燥时间四个实验因素对树莓果浆的平均温度、温度离散值、含水率、水分含量离散值、花青素保留率和花青素保留率离散值指标的影响规律,获得脉冲式微波干燥树莓果浆的最佳工艺。对比脉冲式微波干燥与常用的反馈控温微波干燥、间歇微波干燥和连续式微波干燥工艺的果浆干后品质及均匀性指标,进而研制连续式微波干燥树莓果浆品质优化控制系统。结果表明,脉冲式微波干燥通过PLC控制系统,使磁控管以脉冲形式输出矩形波形式功率,间歇性地开启磁控管比连续微波加热更有效,并且采用脉冲式微波干燥树莓果浆具有更优产品品质和加热效率,对比反馈控温系统成本更低可靠性更好。脉冲式微波干燥树莓果浆的最佳工艺为:微波占空比0.6、脉冲周期17 s、风速1.9 m/s、干燥时间12.5 min。相比于连续式微波干燥,脉冲式微波干燥果浆品质最优,脉冲式干后果浆花青素保留率提高35.31%±0.55%,反馈控温下提高33.59%±0.23%,间歇微波下提高16.42%±0.18%。脉冲式微波干燥通过控制功率降低果浆干后温度,改善干后品质均匀性,为树莓干制品工业化生产提供依据。

基于现场可编程门阵列的水果识别系统设计

针对目前大多数水果识别系统实时性差和成本较高的问题,本文提出一种基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的水果识别系统。整体硬件设计包含图像采集、检测识别和显示模块。软件部分通过图像采集平台将水果图像存储至双倍数据率同步动态随机存储器(DDR3)控制模块,进行图像灰度化处理,并创造性地提出背景帧差法对水果图像进行分割。通过融合水果颜色和几何特征,实现对水果数量、颜色和种类的识别。整个水果识别系统在不同光照下对常见水果进行了测试。实验结果表明,水果平均识别准确率达到93.25%,识别速度约为16.67 ms,FPGA硬件资源消耗率仅占28.02%,可以满足实时性需求。

基于片上系统的可配置卷积神经网络加速器的设计与实现

针对现阶段卷积神经网络(CNN)加速器的设计只能部署在单一现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)平台、不支持硬件平台升级迭代的问题,设计了一种基于片上系统(SoC)的可配置CNN加速器。该加速器具备以下2个特点:(1)在电路设计中将数据位宽、中间缓存空间大小、乘法器阵列(MAC)并行度作为一种可选配置参数,通过调整资源使用量,使得该加速器能够适配不同FPGA硬件;(2)提出了动态数据复用的策略,通过对比数据传输过程中不同复用方式下的总参数量差异,动态地选择复用方法,以减少数据传输的等待时间,提高乘法器阵列利用率。该方案在ZCU104板卡上进行了实验,实验结果表明,当数据位宽选择8、乘法器阵列并行度选择1024、核心运算模块工作在180 MHz时,卷积运算阵列峰值吞吐量为180 GOPs,功耗为3.75 W,能效比达到47.97 GOPs·W^(-1),对于VGG16网络,其卷积层的平均乘法器阵列利用率达到84.37%。

基于图像处理的电路板缺陷检测系统设计

针对传统电路板缺陷检测多为人工检测、速度较慢且成本较高的问题,本文研究设计了一款以图像处理为基础、利用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实现对电路板缺陷准确、高速的检测系统。在传统图像增强算法的基础上提出一种针对不同图像信息采用不同感兴趣区间的方法,增强效果显著;为减少电路板上标识字样对匹配算法计算速度的影响,提出一种去除丝印算法,将电路板上多余的标识字样取消,减少图像匹配的计算量,加快检测的速度;在传统绝对误差和算法(SAD)模板匹配算法的基础上采用去平均值法计算图像信息,减小光照变化带来的影响;将传统2算子Sobel边缘检测扩展到8算子边缘检测,边缘信息更加明显清晰。采用FPGA作为硬件平台,在Vivado开发环境下实现Verilog HDL硬件逻辑语言,下载到FPGA中实现。实验结果表明,系统的平均检测精度为98.53%,检测单张电路板的时间为8.204 s。本系统设计在检测精度和速度上都有明显提升,且造价成本低。

基于回波幅值信号的医用超声探头性能快速检测系统的研制

目的研制一套基于回波幅值信号的医用超声探头阵元快速检测系统,用以对超声探头性能进行评估与质量控制。方法运用现场可编程门阵列作为系统主控制芯片,以控制系统内部集成的电脉冲激励信号源,进而激励医用超声探头的阵元。阵元振动后产生超声波并在遇到空气后反射。基于超声脉冲回波测试方法,以回波幅值为主要检测参数,实现对超声探头阵元工作状态的检测与评估。结果选取同型号不同使用年限及故障状态的探头进行系统测试,并与所成超声图像进行对比:全新完好探头的回波幅值信号范围为550~575 mV,整体误差小于0.5 dB;使用1年的探头回波幅值信号范围为550~590 mV,较全新探头整体误差低0.6 dB左右;使用3年的探头回波幅值信号中存在十多个3 dB、6 dB及个别10 dB等不同程度的衰减;故障探头中存在三十多个成片连续衰减10 dB阵元。探头衰减位置及程度与所成超声图像缺损位置及程度相对应。结论本系统具有灵敏度高、稳定性好、操作简单快速等特点,在超声探头阵元性能评估方面具有很强的实际应用和推广价值。