China’s Recent Progresses in Polar Climate Change and Its Interactions with the Global Climate System

During the recent four decades since 1980,a series of modern climate satellites were launched,allowing for the measurement and record-keeping of multiple climate parameters,especially over the polar regions where traditional observations are difficult to obtain.China has been actively engaging in polar expeditions.Many observations were conducted during this period,accompanied by improved Earth climate models,leading to a series of insightful understandings concerning Arctic and Antarctic climate changes.Here,we review the recent progress China has made concerning Arctic and Antarctic climate change research over the past decade.The Arctic temperature increase is much higher than the global-mean warming rate,associated with a rapid decline in sea ice,a phenomenon called the Arctic Amplification.The Antarctic climate changes showed a zonally asymmetric pattern over the past four decades,with most of the fastest changes occurring over West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula.The Arctic and Antarctic climate changes were driven by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and ozone loss,while tropical-polar teleconnections play important roles in driving the regional climate changes and extreme events over the polar regions.Polar climate changes may also feedback to the entire Earth climate system.The adjustment of the circulation in both the troposphere and the stratosphere contributed to the interactions between the polar climate changes and lower latitudes.Climate change has also driven rapid Arctic and Southern ocean acidification.Chinese researchers have made a series of advances in understanding these processes,as reviewed in this paper.

Recent progresses in stem cell research and hearing restoration

Serious hearing and balance impairments can occur as a result of loss of hair cells related to aging, environmental stresses(such as noises exposure) or exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs(such as cisplatin and aminoglycoside antibiotics). Because a large portion of hearing impairment involves loss of hair cells, regeneration or replacement of these cells is a possible alternative to prosthetic devices1. Researchers have paid hot attention to the study of inner ear hair cell regeneration for hearing restoration for many years. Besides the important function of hair cells, there are many other contributors essential for normal hearing. Hair cell regeneration is one of the essential steps for total hearing recovery, but not the only one. In this article, we will review the progresses in research on hearing loss, stem cell application and hearing restoration.

Present state,basic theories,methods and progresses of investigation and assessment on marine hazardous geology in China

The achievement progresses of investigation and studies on marine hazardous geology are summarized and presentsd in the late 20 century in China. The importance, research value and present-day studies of marine hazardous geology, a newly developing branch of geoscience, are well expatiated. Several often confused concepts and theories are explained and redefined here. The comment on the means of investigations, assessment of marine hazardous geology, as well as its evolution, innovation, existing questions and future tasks are also introduced and presented. The concepts of 'hazard geology', geohazard', 'map of marine hazard geology', 'integrated evaluaton on seafloor stablity' are respectively discussed, including their definition, research objects, methods and contents. The types and classification of marine hazardous geology, principles and methods of marine hazardous geology map compilation, the assessment methods and models of marine hazardous geology environment and seafloor stability and so on are also discussed.

Progresses in Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medical Research on Reproductive Immunology

Reproductive immunology is a crossed subject of reproductive biology and immunobiology. Great progresses have been achieved in the subject along with the deep development in life science. Modern reproductive immunology includes immunological regulation of fertility, materno-fetal immuno-regu-lation, and neuro-reproductive endocrino-immune network. With the integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (ICWM) applied to reproductive immunology it has been greatly enriched in research contents and depth. The present review is to introduce the recent progresses in research of integrated medicine on reproductive immunology.

Research activities and recent progresses on synthesis gas conversion

Five catalytic processes and their catalysts will be introduced in my talk. Firstly,the demonstration test(3000 ton/a)results using a novel catalyst Co/SiO2 with egg-shell structure and the strategies for this catalyst preparation based on the issues from the mass transfer of produced wax from F-T synthesis will be discussed. Recent progresses on C2-oxygenate synthesis from syngas over a Rh/SiO2 catalyst and a 10 thousands ton/a demonstration test facility in China will be built in 2010 will be reported in the second section. A naphtha and diesel distillate which cut off the heavier end of S-F-A distribution direct synthesis with low methane selectivity from syngas over a Co/AC1 catalyst and a 10000 ton/a demonstration test with a bubble column slurry reactor will be talked about in this speech. A high α-alcohols of C2-C18 direct synthesis with more than 50 wt% selectivity and low methane and methanol selectivities from syngas over a Co2C/AC2 catalyst,a 3000 ton/a demonstration test with a bubble column slurry reactor and the primary fundamental understandings will be detailedly discussed in the forth section. In situ formation of homogeneous active sites on the surface of supported Rh heterogeneous catalysts and their application in hydroformylation of olefins will be introduced in fifth section.

Rural Energy Construction Significantly Progresses

In recent years, along with centering on establishment of market economy system, stressing the importance of macroeconomic management, incessant exploitation, conservation and optimizing utilization of energy, and incorporating rural production and environmental protection through technical innovation, rural energy construction has gained a significant progress with remarkable economical, environmental and social benefit.

PROGRESSES MADE IN EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF SHALLOW-WATER ACOUSTICS

Acomprehensive experiment on shallow water acoustics with the inseparable combination of the acoustical and oceanographic means, which is uncommon internationally, was conducted successfully in the Far Yellow Sea by a group of Chinese and U.S. scientists from August 21 to September 1,1996. The basic task of ocean acoustic research is to study the interaction between sound wave and ocean media, which includes exploring the laws of influence due to spatial and temporal variability of the ocean environment, such as ocean surface waves,inhomogeneity of sea water and sea bottom struc-

Cultural Transformations in China and Progresses in Human Rights Cause

Human rights refer to the rights that should be enjoyed by anyone as human beings. However, human beings have not only the natural at- tributes, but also social attributes, including such high-level social at- tributes as thinking capability and culture. The role of culture on hu- man beings can be seen in people＇s understandings on human rights connotation and human rights value. In fact, the different views on hu- man rights issue of various countries worldwide are linked with their dif- ferent cultures. We cannot change the differences of various countries in cultures, but we can learn about and understand the differences through cultural exchanges so as to enhance recognition on human rights issue.

Progresses of Researches on Numerical Weather Prediction in China: 1999-2002

The recent progresses in the research and development of (NWP) in China are reviewed in this paper. The most impressive achievements are the development of direct assimilation of satellite irradiances with a 3DVAR (three-dimentional variational) data assimilation system and a non-hydrostatic modei with a semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit scheme. Progresses have also been made in modei physics and modei application to precipitation and environmental forecasts. Some scientific issues of great importance for further development are discussed.

PROGRESSES AND PROSPECTS IN RESEARCH ON SEASON DIVISION AND SEASONAL CHANGES IN CHINA

Progresses in the research for season division and seasonal changes are reviewed systematically in this paper,which particularly introduces the results of a national natural science foundation project,"the nonlinear identification of seasonal changes and its responses to global warming".The project developed two objective and quantitative methods for season division:the non-linear similarity measure(NSM) method and the regional multi-element optimal dissection(RMOD) method,which differ from traditional ones for season division.Besides,the project further investigated seasonal changes and their responses to global warming,analyzed evolution characteristics of the starting date and length of seasons in history,revealed their relationships with extreme events and precipitation patterns in rainy seasons,and thereby built a research system for seasonal changes in China under the global warming background.Finally,the authors make an outlook on the research for season division and seasonal changes and put forward several issues associated with season and climate changes that need to be further explored.

Lipid metabolism analysis in esophageal cancer and associated drug discovery

Esophageal cancer is an upper gastrointestinal malignancy with a bleak prognosis.It is still being explored in depth due to its complex molecular mechanisms of occurrence and development.Lipids play a crucial role in cells by participating in energy supply,biofilm formation,and signal transduction processes,and lipid metabolic reprogramming also constitutes a significant characteristic of malignant tumors.More and more studies have found esophageal cancer has obvious lipid metabolism abnormalities throughout its beginning,progress,and treatment resistance.The inhibition of tumor growth and the enhancement of antitumor therapy efficacy can be achieved through the regulation of lipid metabolism.Therefore,we reviewed and analyzed the research results and latest findings for lipid metabolism and associated analysis techniques in esophageal cancer,and comprehensively proved the value of lipid metabolic reprogramming in the evolution and treatment resistance of esophageal cancer,as well as its significance in exploring potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers.

A Comparative Study on the Post-Buckling Behavior of Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipes(RTPs)Under External Pressure Considering Progressive Failure

The collapse pressure is a key parameter when RTPs are applied in harsh deep-water environments.To investigate the collapse of RTPs,numerical simulations and hydrostatic pressure tests are conducted.For the numerical simulations,the eigenvalue analysis and Riks analysis are combined,in which the Hashin failure criterion and fracture energy stiffness degradation model are used to simulate the progressive failure of composites,and the“infinite”boundary conditions are applied to eliminate the boundary effects.As for the hydrostatic pressure tests,RTP specimens were placed in a hydrostatic chamber after filled with water.It has been observed that the cross-section of the middle part collapses when it reaches the maximum pressure.The collapse pressure obtained from the numerical simulations agrees well with that in the experiment.Meanwhile,the applicability of NASA SP-8007 formula on the collapse pressure prediction was also discussed.It has a relatively greater difference because of the ignorance of the progressive failure of composites.For the parametric study,it is found that RTPs have much higher first-ply-failure pressure when the winding angles are between 50°and 70°.Besides,the effect of debonding and initial ovality,and the contribution of the liner and coating are also discussed.

Role of exosomal circular RNAs as microRNA sponges and potential targeting for suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma growth and progression

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Lyu et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology(2023;2219-2840).Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a frequently encountered and highly aggressive primary liver cancer,which remains the third-commonest cause of cancer-related death despite the current therapeutic modalities.There is urgency in developing novel thera-peutic approaches,such as by manipulating extracellular vesicles,which con-stitute a highly heterogeneous nanoparticle population that contains various cargoes.These cargoes have a pivotal role in cell-to-cell communication and can modify the functional level of the recipient cells via their uptake by other recipient cells.Exosomal non-coding RNAs have particular evolving significance in HCC,such as circular RNAs,which have been found differentially expressed in normal hepatic and HCC tissues.The aberrations in their expression levels have a key role in the HCC development and progression and the overall prognosis.In this editorial,we will shed light on the emerging role of exosomal circular RNAs in HCC development and progression,focusing on the oncogenic or potentially tumor suppressive effect of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal non-coding RNAs.

Overview of the immunological mechanisms in hepatitis B virus reactivation:Implications for disease progression and management strategies

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation is a clinically significant challenge in disease management.This review explores the immunological mechanisms underlying HBV reactivation,emphasizing disease progression and management.It delves into host immune responses and reactivation’s delicate balance,spanning innate and adaptive immunity.Viral factors’disruption of this balance,as are interac-tions between viral antigens,immune cells,cytokine networks,and immune checkpoint pathways,are examined.Notably,the roles of T cells,natural killer cells,and antigen-presenting cells are discussed,highlighting their influence on disease progression.HBV reactivation’s impact on disease severity,hepatic flares,liver fibrosis progression,and hepatocellular carcinoma is detailed.Management strategies,including anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches,are critically analyzed.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy during immunosuppressive treatments is explored alongside novel immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and prevent reactivation.In conclusion,this compre-hensive review furnishes a holistic view of the immunological mechanisms that propel HBV reactivation.With a dedicated focus on understanding its implic-ations for disease progression and the prospects of efficient management stra-tegies,this article contributes significantly to the knowledge base.The more profound insights into the intricate interactions between viral elements and the immune system will inform evidence-based approaches,ultimately enhancing disease management and elevating patient outcomes.The dynamic landscape of management strategies is critically scrutinized,spanning anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy in preventing reactivation during immunosuppressive treatments and the potential of innovative immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and proactively deter reactivation.

Recent advances in the application of metal organic frameworks using in advanced oxidation progresses for pollutants degradation

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)materials with highly ordered and porous crystalline structure,have excellent performance in advanced oxidation progresses(AOPs)for organic contaminants degradation in water treatment.This review intends to summarize the timely references and insights for the recent advances in MOFs that are used in AOPs.Starting with the preparation methodologies,including conventional hydrothermal method,electrochemical method,sol-gel method,and emerging microwave and ultrasound assisted synthesis methods.Application and mechanism for MOFs using in various AOPs of Fenton-like,photocatalysis,catalytic ozonation,persulfate catalysis and other emerging oxidation methods are emphatically discussed.We hope this review can comprehensively summarize the research and application progress of MOFs in AOPs,deepen the understanding of the catalytic mechanisms.

Progresses and advances in Arctic underwater acoustics study

As a part of underwater acoustics, the study and development of Arctic Acoustics is later than underwater acoustics about several hundred years. After World War II, the study of Arctic Acoustics attracts many interests by some developed countries, especially U.S. and pre-Soviet Union. The research works obviously have some kinds of cold war brand. After the Cold War, with the gradual warming trend of Arctic area, the ocean & acoustic environment in Arctic and its adjacent area have been considerably concerned. The 8 countries of Arctic rim organized exclusive "Arctic Council" in 1996. The white paper of "China Arctic Policy"was published in January 26, 2018, the Chinese government declared that China is a close Arctic country, and is the responsible stakeholder of Arctic interests. The new advances in Arctic research works axe introduced in this paper, including the results of scientific survey and studies about Arctic underwater acoustics of Chinese researchers. It is showed that the Arctic underwater acoustical research area is not only parallely copy the topics what traditional underwater acoustics covered, e.g. environment noise,reverberation,and propagation, but also the topics which is specifically based on the Arctic environment. Some of these research fields cannot be included in the traditional shallow water, deep water acoustics, e.g. the ice-water interface feature, ice covered semi-acoustic channel effect, the communication and navigation of UUV in the condition of under ice, and the adaptation of sonar technique, equipment in the ice-covered environment, etc.

Wear dependent virtual flow rate sensor for progressing cavity pumps with deformable stator

This contribution presents a novel wear dependent virtual flow rate sensor for single stage single lobe progressing cavity pumps. We study the wear-induced material loss of the pump components and the impact of this material loss on the volumetric efficiency. The results are combined with an established backflow model to implement a backflow calculation procedure that is adaptive to wear. We use a laboratory test setup with a highly abrasive fluid and operate a pump from new to worn condition to validate our approach. The obtained measurement data show that the presented virtual sensor is capable of calculating the flow rate of a pump being subject to wear during its regular operation.