Next year marks 100 years since the introduction of the first law on income tax in Russia.Over this period a number of reforms on income tax has been conducted,and various results have been achieved.It has become of i...Next year marks 100 years since the introduction of the first law on income tax in Russia.Over this period a number of reforms on income tax has been conducted,and various results have been achieved.It has become of importance to analyze the experience of income tax reforms.This paper aims to study the formation and reformation of income tax in Russia.This work singles out and analyzes five stages of formation of income tax in Russia-the main focus being on the analysis of the two last stages of income tax functioning:during the transition to a market economy and in a market economy.The paper identifies the main prerequisites of the personal income tax reform in 2001 and analyzes the results of the reform.The paper validates the conclusion that the reform had mixed results.The transition to the proportional model of personal income tax failed to significantly affect the fiscal significance of this tax,and did not lead to the desired legalization of salaries or a drastic decrease in the share of wages paid off the books.Moreover,the income tax reform did not result in a significant decrease in the number of tax concessions that reduce the neutrality and fiscal significance of the tax.At the same time,the income tax reform made it possible to drastically increase the neutrality and economic effectiveness of this tax,reduced the cost of administration for taxpayers,withholding agents,and tax services.In light of a possible new reform of the tax system,this article makes the assumption that the return to progressive tax rates will fall short of expectations of the poor,as the wealth gap in Russian society will not be reduced.This paper draws the conclusion that as the achievement of the expected results is not guaranteed,preserving the existing model of personal income tax may be the most pragmatic option.At the same time,it might be advisable to take an inventory of tax deductions,and possibly cancel some of them that are exclusively enjoyed by the rich in the first place.展开更多
文摘Next year marks 100 years since the introduction of the first law on income tax in Russia.Over this period a number of reforms on income tax has been conducted,and various results have been achieved.It has become of importance to analyze the experience of income tax reforms.This paper aims to study the formation and reformation of income tax in Russia.This work singles out and analyzes five stages of formation of income tax in Russia-the main focus being on the analysis of the two last stages of income tax functioning:during the transition to a market economy and in a market economy.The paper identifies the main prerequisites of the personal income tax reform in 2001 and analyzes the results of the reform.The paper validates the conclusion that the reform had mixed results.The transition to the proportional model of personal income tax failed to significantly affect the fiscal significance of this tax,and did not lead to the desired legalization of salaries or a drastic decrease in the share of wages paid off the books.Moreover,the income tax reform did not result in a significant decrease in the number of tax concessions that reduce the neutrality and fiscal significance of the tax.At the same time,the income tax reform made it possible to drastically increase the neutrality and economic effectiveness of this tax,reduced the cost of administration for taxpayers,withholding agents,and tax services.In light of a possible new reform of the tax system,this article makes the assumption that the return to progressive tax rates will fall short of expectations of the poor,as the wealth gap in Russian society will not be reduced.This paper draws the conclusion that as the achievement of the expected results is not guaranteed,preserving the existing model of personal income tax may be the most pragmatic option.At the same time,it might be advisable to take an inventory of tax deductions,and possibly cancel some of them that are exclusively enjoyed by the rich in the first place.
