Ordered successive noise projection cancellation algorithm for dual lattice-reduction-aided MIMO detection

A novel nonlinear multi-input multi-output MIMO detection algorithm is proposed which is referred to as an ordered successive noise projection cancellation OSNPC algorithm. It is capable of improving the computation performance of the MIMO detector with the conventional ordered successive interference cancellation OSIC algorithm. In contrast to the OSIC in which the known interferences in the input signal vector are successively cancelled the OSNPC successively cancels the known noise projections from the decision statistic vector. Analysis indicates that the OSNPC is equivalent to the OSIC in error performance but it has significantly less complexity in computation.Furthermore when the OSNPC is applied to the MIMO detection with the preprocessing of dual lattice reduction DLR the computational complexity of the proposed OSNPC-based DLR-aided detector is further reduced due to the avoidance of the inverse of the reduced basis of the dual lattice in computation compared to that of the OSIC-based one. Simulation results validate the theoretical conclusions with regard to both the performance and complexity of the proposed MIMO detection scheme.

Function projective lag synchronization of fractional-order chaotic systems

Function projective lag synchronization of different structural fractional-order chaotic systems is investigated. It is shown that the slave system can be synchronized with the past states of the driver up to a scaling function matrix. According to the stability theorem of linear fractional-order systems, a nonlinear fractional-order controller is designed for the synchronization of systems with the same and different dimensions. Especially, for two different dimensional systems, the synchronization is achieved in both reduced and increased dimensions. Three kinds of numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the scheme.

Generalized projective synchronization of the fractional-order chaotic system using adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control

An adaptive fuzzy sliding mode strategy is developed for the generalized projective synchronization of a fractional- order chaotic system, where the slave system is not necessarily known in advance. Based on the designed adaptive update laws and the linear feedback method, the adaptive fuzzy sliding controllers are proposed via the fuzzy design, and the strength of the designed controllers can he adaptively adjusted according to the external disturbances. Based on the Lya- punov stability theorem, the stability and the robustness of the controlled system are proved theoretically. Numerical simu- lations further support the theoretical results of the paper and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Moreover, it is revealed that the proposed method allows us to manipulate arbitrarily the response dynamics of the slave system by adjusting the desired scaling factor λi and the desired translating factor ηi, which may be used in a channel-independent chaotic secure communication.

Modified projective synchronization of a fractional-order hyperchaotic system with a single driving variable

In this paper, the modified projective synchronization （MPS） of a fractional-order hyperchaotic system is inves- tigated. We design the response system corresponding to the drive system on the basis of projective synchronization theory, and determine the sufficient condition for the synchronization of the drive system and the response system based on fractional-order stability theory. The MPS of a fractional-order hyperchaotic system is achieved by transmitting a single variable. This scheme reduces the information transmission in order to achieve the synchronization, and extends the applicable scope of MPS. Numerical simulations further demonstrate the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Robust modified projective synchronization of fractional-order chaotic systems with parameters perturbation and external disturbance

Based on fractional-order Lyapunov stability theory, this paper provides a novel method to achieve robust modified projective synchronization of two uncertain fractional-order chaotic systems with external disturbance. Simulation of the fractional-order Lorenz chaotic system and fractional-order Chen＇s chaotic system with both parameters uncertainty and external disturbance show the applicability and the efficiency of the proposed scheme.

A class of fully third-order accurate projection methods for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

In this paper, a fully third-order accurate projection method for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is proposed. To construct the scheme, a continuous projection procedure is firstly presented. We then derive a sufficient condition for the continuous projection equations to be temporally third-order accurate approximations of the original Navier-Stokes equations by means of the localtruncation-error-analysis technique. The continuous projection equations are discretized temporally and spatially to third-order accuracy on the staggered grids, resulting in a fully third-order discrete projection scheme. The possibility to design higher-order projection methods is thus demonstrated in the present paper. A heuristic stability analysis is performed on this projection method showing the probability of its being stable. The stability of the present scheme is further verified through numerical tests. The third-order accuracy of the present projection method is validated by several numerical test cases.

Observer based projective reduced-order synchronization of different chaotic systems

The projective reduced-order synchronization of two different chaotic systems with different orders is investigated based on the observer design in this paper.According to the observer theory,the reduced-order observer is designed.The projective synchronization can be realized by choosing the transition matrix of the observer as a diagonal matrix.Further,the synchronization between hyperchaotic Chen system(fourth order)and Rssler system(third order)is taken as the example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed observer.Numerical simulations confirm the effectiveness of the method.

Generalized projective synchronization of fractional-order complex networks with nonidentical nodes

This paper investigates the synchronization problem of fractional-order complex networks with nonidentical nodes. The generalized projective synchronization criterion of fractional-order complex networks with order 0 〈 q 〈 1 is obtained based on the stability theory of the fractional-order system. The control method which combines active control with pinning control is then suggested to obtain the controllers. Furthermore, the adaptive strategy is applied to tune the control gains and coupling strength. Corresponding numerical simulations are performed to verify and illustrate the theoretical results.

Finite-time complex projective synchronization of fractional-order complex-valued uncertain multi-link network and its image encryption application

Multi-link networks are universal in the real world such as relationship networks,transportation networks,and communication networks.It is significant to investigate the synchronization of the network with multi-link.In this paper,considering the complex network with uncertain parameters,new adaptive controller and update laws are proposed to ensure that complex-valued multilink network realizes finite-time complex projective synchronization(FTCPS).In addition,based on fractional-order Lyapunov functional method and finite-time stability theory,the criteria of FTCPS are derived and synchronization time is given which is associated with fractional order and control parameters.Meanwhile,numerical example is given to verify the validity of proposed finite-time complex projection strategy and analyze the relationship between synchronization time and fractional order and control parameters.Finally,the network is applied to image encryption,and the security analysis is carried out to verify the correctness of this method.

Projective Synchronization of One Fractional-order Chaotic System

In this paper,projective synchronization of one fractional-order chaotic system is studied.Firstly,the chaotic attractor is given.Then,suitable projective synchronization controllers are investigated based on the Lyapunov stability theory.Finally,the numerical simulations verify the validity and correction of the method.

核映射和Rank-Order距离的局部保持投影相似性度量方法

针对近红外光谱高维、高冗余、非线性和小样本等特点导致光谱相似性度量时出现的“维度灾难”,提出一种基于核映射和rank-order距离的局部保持投影(KRLPP)算法。首先将光谱数据经过核变换映射到更高维空间,有效保证了流形结构的非线性特征。然后改进局部保持投影(LPP)算法对数据进行降维操作,将rank-order距离替代传统的欧氏距离或测地线距离,通过共享邻近点的信息,得到更加准确的局部邻域关系。最后在低维空间通过距离的计算实现光谱的度量。该方法不仅有效解决了高维空间存在的“距离失效”问题,同时还提高了相似性度量结果的精度。为了验证KRLPP算法的有效性,首先根据降维前后数据集信息残差的变化确定了最佳参数近邻点的个数k和降维后的维数d。其次,从光谱降维投影效果和模型分类效果两个角度与PCA,LPP和INLPP算法进行了对比,结果表明KRLPP算法对于烟叶的部位有较好的区分能力,降维效果以及对于不同部位的正确识别率明显优于PCA,LPP和INLPP。最后,从某品牌卷烟叶组配方中选取了5个代表性烟叶作为目标烟叶,分别采用PCA,LPP和KRLPP方法从300个用于配方维护的烟叶样品中为每个目标烟叶寻找相似烟叶,并从化学成分和感官评价两方面对替换前后的烟叶及叶组配方进行了评价分析。其中LPP和KRLPP用于降维的参数选择保持一致,PCA选择前6个主成分。结果表明,由KRLPP选出的替换烟叶与替换配方在总糖、还原糖、总烟碱、总氮等化学成分以及香气、烟气、口感等感官指标上较PCA、LPP方法差异最小,相似性度量准确度最高。该方法可应用于配方产品替换原料的查找,辅助企业实现产品质量的维护。

Projective synchronization in coupled fractional order chaotic Rossler system and its control

This paper proposes a method to achieve projective synchronization of the fractional order chaotic Rossler system. First, construct the fractional order Rossler system＇s corresponding approximate integer order system, then a control method based on a partially linear decomposition and negative feedback of state errors is utilized on the new integer order system. Mathematic analyses prove the feasibility and the numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Projective synchronization of a complex network with different fractional order chaos nodes

Based on the stability theory of the linear fractional order system, projective synchronization of a complex network is studied in the paper, and the coupling functions of the connected nodes are identified. With this method, the projective synchronization of the network with different fractional order chaos nodes can be achieved, besides, the number of the nodes does not affect the stability of the whole network. In the numerical simulations, the chaotic fractional order Lu system, Liu system and Coullet system are chosen as examples to show the effectiveness of the scheme.

Self-adaptive strategy for one-dimensional finite element method based on EEP method with optimal super-convergence order

Based on the newly-developed element energy projection （EEP） method with optimal super-convergence order for computation of super-convergent results, an improved self-adaptive strategy for one-dimensional finite element method （FEM） is proposed. In the strategy, a posteriori errors are estimated by comparing FEM solutions to EEP super-convergent solutions with optimal order of super-convergence, meshes are refined by using the error-averaging method. Quasi-FEM solutions are used to replace the true FEM solutions in the adaptive process. This strategy has been found to be simple, clear, efficient and reliable. For most problems, only one adaptive step is needed to produce the required FEM solutions which pointwise satisfy the user specified error tolerances in the max-norm. Taking the elliptical ordinary differential equation of the second order as the model problem, this paper describes the fundamental idea, implementation strategy and computational algorithm and representative numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed approach.

Dynamic analysis of a new chaotic system with fractional order and its generalized projective synchronization

Based on the stability theory of the fractional order system, the dynamic behaviours of a new fractional order system are investigated theoretically. The lowest order we found to have chaos in the new three-dimensional system is 2.46, and the period routes to chaos in the new fractional order system are also found. The effectiveness of our analysis results is further verified by numerical simulations and positive largest Lyapunov exponent. Furthermore, a nonlinear feedback controller is designed to achieve the generalized projective synchronization of the fractional order chaotic system, and its validity is proved by Laplace transformation theory.

Unified analysis for stabilized methods of low-order mixed finite elements for stationary Navier-Stokes equations

A unified analysis is presented for the stabilized methods including the pres- sure projection method and the pressure gradient local projection method of conforming and nonconforming low-order mixed finite elements for the stationary Navier-Stokes equa- tions. The existence and uniqueness of the solution and the optimal error estimates are proved.

Analytical and Traveling Wave Solutions to the Fifth Order Standard Sawada-Kotera Equation via the Generalized exp(-Φ(ξ))-Expansion Method

In this article, we propose a generalized exp(-Φ(ξ))-expansion method and successfully implement it to find exact traveling wave solutions to the fifth order standard Sawada-Kotera (SK) equation. The exact traveling wave solutions are established in the form of trigonometric, hyperbolic, exponential and rational functions with some free parameters. It is shown that this method is standard, effective and easily applicable mathematical tool for solving nonlinear partial differential equations arises in the field of mathematical physics and engineering.

Numerical Experiments Using MATLAB: Superconvergence of Nonconforming Finite Element Approximation for Second-Order Elliptic Problems

The superconvergence in the finite element method is a phenomenon in which the fi-nite element approximation converges to the exact solution at a rate higher than the optimal order error estimate. Wang proposed and analyzed superconvergence of the conforming finite element method by L2-projections. However, since the conforming finite element method (CFEM) requires a strong continuity, it is not easy to construct such finite elements for the complex partial differential equations. Thus, the nonconforming finite element method (NCFEM) is more appealing computationally due to better stability and flexibility properties compared to CFEM. The objective of this paper is to establish a general superconvergence result for the nonconforming finite element approximations for second-order elliptic problems by L2-projection methods by applying the idea presented in Wang. MATLAB codes are published at https://github.com/annaleeharris/Superconvergence-NCFEM for anyone to use and to study. The results of numerical experiments show great promise for the robustness, reliability, flexibility and accuracy of superconvergence in NCFEM by L2- projections.

Decomposition Theorems for Semi-order Fuzzy Supermartingales and Submartingales

Based on semi - order fuzzy supermaringales andsubmartingales, the semi- order fuzzy supermartingaleand submartingale theory is developed. The main resultis to generalize the Doob decomposition and the Riesz de-composition theorems of standard martingale theory tosemi - order fuzzy supermaringales and submartingales.The structure of semi - order fuzzy supermaringales andsubmartingales and the conditions of that they has Doobdecomposition (resp. Riesz decomposition) are discussedin detail.

Effects. of Change Orders through Technical Programs on Construction Projects in Jordan

Regarding construction projects, no project is implemented exactly as planned. Changes in construction projects are common due to the dynamic nature of the construction process. It is necessary to use effective and appropriate tools by project management to support decision-making and control changes during all stages of project implementation. This study examined the effects of change orders through technical programs on construction projects in Jordan and focused on how to overcome these effects by making usual orders that can be handled by each of the contracting parties. Also, this study added an advantage by not addressing the negative effects of change orders, but it provided many positive effects of change orders by using technical programs method, which has not been yet researched in Jordanian studies in particular, and in global studies in general. The researcher used descriptive analytical method by interviews to collect data through nine questions to a random sample of 30 engineers selected form constructions projects in Jordan. The results related to the study questions on the effect of change orders through technical programs on construction projects in Jordan showed that, most of the study samples confirm that change orders through technical programs decrease the cost of the projects, cause no need for more materials, cause no delay in the completion schedule, enhances the quality of work, and increase the productivity of the work force. The study recommended applying integrated change management system with technical supports form different technologies, developing effective innovative and practical solution to manage change orders and increase training programs to qualify and increase engineering skills in dealing with ICT （information and communication technologies） program.