借鉴Project Controlling模式浅析监理智动化的战略发展

本文从我国监理行业现存的突出问题入手,提出了监理行业亟待进行战略选择的观点;通过利用PEST战略分析工具对监理行业发展方向进行初步战略分析,确定监理工作的核心战略点可借鉴Project Controlling模式,提升监理的智能化和科技化比重,提出监理智动化的战略构想,继而通过SWOT分析印证该战略构想的实用性。

Spatial diversion and coordination of flood water for an urban flood control project in Suzhou, China

Suzhou City,located in the Yangtze River Delta in China,is prone to flooding due to a complex combination of natural factors,including its monsoon climate,low elevation,and tidally influenced position,as well as intensive human activities.The Large Encirclement Flood Control Project(LEFCP)was launched to cope with serious floods in the urban area.This project changed the spatiotemporal pattern of flood processes and caused spatial diversion of floods from the urban area to the outskirts of the city.Therefore,this study developed a distributed flood simulation model in order to understand this transition of flood processes.The results revealed that the LEFCP effectively protected the urban areas from floods,but the present scheduling schemes resulted in the spatial diversion of floods to the outskirts of the city.With rainstorm frequencies of 10.0%to 0.5%,the water level differences between two representative water level stations(Miduqiao(MDQ)and Fengqiao(FQ))located inside and outside the LEFCP area,ranged from 0.75 m to 0.24 m and from 1.80 m to 1.58 m,respectively.In addition,the flood safety margin at MDQ and the duration with the water level exceeding the warning water level at FQ ranged from 0.95 m to 0.43 m and from 4 h to 22 h,respectively.Rational scheduling schemes for the hydraulic facilities of the LEFCP in extreme precipitation cases were developed ac-cording to food simulations under seven scheduling scenarios.This helps to regulate the spatial flood diversion caused by the LEFCP during extreme precipitation.

Analysis of debris flow control effect and hazard assessment in Xinqiao Gully,Wenchuan M_(s)8.0 earthquake area based on numerical simulation

Xinqiao Gully is located in the area of the 2008 Wenchuan M_(s)8.0 earthquake in Sichuan province,China.Based on the investigation of the 2023"6-26"Xinqiao Gully debris flow event,this study assessed the effectiveness of the debris flow control project and evaluated the debris flow hazards.Through field investigation and numerical simulation methods,the indicators of flow intensity reduction rate and storage capacity fullness were proposed to quantify the effectiveness of the engineering measures in the debris flow event.The simulation results show that the debris flow control project reduced the flow intensity by41.05%to 64.61%.The storage capacity of the dam decreases gradually from upstream to the mouth of the gully,thus effectively intercepting and controlling the debris flow.By evaluating the debris flow of different recurrence intervals,further measures are recommended for managing debris flow events.

Study on Safeguard System of Eco-tourism Compensation of Hukou Section during Ecological Water-control Project of Poyang Lake

Through analysis on the background to develop eco-tourism and necessity for ecological compensation,based on specific condition of Hukou County,in line with the situation to develop eco-tourism during ecological water control project of Poyang Lake,residents' interest protection system and ecological benefit safeguard system for eco-tourism compensation were put forward.

Control and Management of Construction Project Cost

Project cost can control the input in construction project and improve economic benefits of construction enterprises,so it is an important section of construction engineering.Reasonable control and management of project cost is the principle that building units must obey in the whole process of project,particularly in the construction stage,so it is extremely important to control and manage the project cost.This paper first analyzed possible causes for the unreasonable cost of construction projects,and put forward pertinent strategies for the control and management of construction project cost.

Projective synchronization of a hyperchaotic system via periodically intermittent control

We further study the projective synchronization of a new hyperchaotic system. Different from the most existing methods, intermittent control is applied to chaotic synchronization in the present paper. We formulate the intermittent control system that governs the dynamics of the projective synchronization error, then derive the sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of intermittent control system by using the Lyapunov stability theory, and finally establish the periodically intermittent controller according to the stability criterion by which the projective synchronization is expected to be achieved. The analytical results are also demonstrated by several numerical simulations.

Thailand's economic growth and structural development projections in the context of environmental control

Projections for 20 years of economic growth and change in the structure of the Thai economy were made for 180 sectors using a computable general equilibrium(CGE) model to compare the following four scenarios:(1) standard growth with infinite supply of factors,(2) finite land supply,(3) fixed use of agricultural chemicals,and(4) combined finite land supply with fixed use of agricultural chemicals.The computable projections suggest that the economic cost of hypothetical environmental control in agriculture is small and further weakened by urbanization.The computed structural development points to efficiency improvements specific to sectors to return the economy to balanced growth.

Generalized projective synchronization of chaotic systems via adaptive learning control

In this paper, a learning control approach is applied to the generalized projective synchronisation （GPS） of different chaotic systems with unknown periodically time-varying parameters. Using the Lyapunov--Krasovskii functional stability theory, a differential-difference mixed parametric learning law and an adaptive learning control law are constructed to make the states of two different chaotic systems asymptotically synchronised. The scheme is successfully applied to the generalized projective synchronisation between the Lorenz system and Chen system. Moreover, numerical simulations results are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Project risk control of underground engineering geological disaster in pumped-storage power station

This paper introduced the construction of the pumped-storage power station （PSPS）. In the excava- tion of underground power house, the principle of excavation in thin layer and support in time with real time monitoring are adopted. The excavation blasting parameters are adjusted timely. Through these, the excavation quality can be guaranteed, the surrounding rock can be prevented from being damaged and the deformation of power house side wall can be controlled. Five security defense lines have been adopted to solve anti-seepage and drainage in the major underground projects.

A Study on Cost Control of Agricultural Water Conservancy Projects Based on Activity-based Costing

Based on the theory of activity-based costing and the idea of value chain,activity optimization and cost control are carried out on the whole construction process of agricultural water conservancy projects. Through the use of literature review,case analysis and statistical analysis and other methods,with agricultural water conservancy projects as the research object,and comparing activity-based costing with the traditional model of cost accounting,the writer carries out the corresponding value chain analysis,and comes to the following conclusion: the statistical calculation and analysis of the entire construction process based on activity-based costing can accurately and effectively control the costs of water conservancy projects. Through the use of activity-based costing,the cost data of agricultural water conservancy projects is more detailed and accurate,and cost management personnel can also find non-value-added activities,optimize the enterprise's value chain and achieve cost control objectives through the analysis of the activity chain and value chain of agricultural water conservancy projects.

Generalized projective synchronization of the fractional-order chaotic system using adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control

An adaptive fuzzy sliding mode strategy is developed for the generalized projective synchronization of a fractional- order chaotic system, where the slave system is not necessarily known in advance. Based on the designed adaptive update laws and the linear feedback method, the adaptive fuzzy sliding controllers are proposed via the fuzzy design, and the strength of the designed controllers can he adaptively adjusted according to the external disturbances. Based on the Lya- punov stability theorem, the stability and the robustness of the controlled system are proved theoretically. Numerical simu- lations further support the theoretical results of the paper and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Moreover, it is revealed that the proposed method allows us to manipulate arbitrarily the response dynamics of the slave system by adjusting the desired scaling factor λi and the desired translating factor ηi, which may be used in a channel-independent chaotic secure communication.

A Study on the Control Technique of Construction Project Process

The construction process control of large-scale projects is one of the difficulties and keys in the owner’s project management. Based on generalization process index, this paper proposes an approach to construction project process control. The paper elaborates on the concept and calculation of generalization process index, which, on analysis, possesses Markov property. Monthly generalization process index is regarded as a state of Markov chain, and the transition between different states is realized by computer simulation. According to the Markov process forecasting model and by means of MATLAB program, the project process forecast is realized, and the completion probability in contract period is obtained. From practical instances, it is concluded that this approach has good applicability and operability and that the obtained results can reflect the degree of project risks.

Study on Disease Distribution and Test Results of Tuberculosis of Regional Control Project in Guangxi, China

The purpose of this study is to investigate the disease distribution of tuberculosis in national regional project. 960 patients were selected from national tuberculosis control program who took treatments in the Fourth People’s Hospital Clinical Laboratory in Nanning Guangxi from January to November in 2013. Then we observed all those patients’ disease distribution and analyzed all the lab test indexes. We analyzed the results according to gender and age distribution. From the age distribution, we found that the incidence was lower at the age of 40 or younger, while higher incidence occurred to patients over 40 years old. There is statistical significance comparing these two age groups. P is less than 0.001. Disease distribution: 731 patients were infected with TB;21 patients were co-infected with tuberculosis (TB) and HIV. 196 patients were co-infected with TB and fungal. 12 patients were co-infected with TB, HIV and fungal. From the laboratory testing, we know there were 87 patients whose liver function indexes were abnormal. There were 192 patients whose blood RT indexes were abnormal. The liver function and blood RT indexes of patients with co-infection were higher than those infected purely. There is statistical significance in comparison P < 0.05. The study indicates that patients with older age are more likely infected with tuberculosis. In addition, there are a high proportion of patients with co-infection among these patients in this study. Meanwhile, the liver functions and blood RT indexes of patients combining with infection are higher than those infected TB purely. Prompt clinical prevention and treatment should be under reasonable inspections. General analysis can enable us to investigate more effective treatment plan. Then the best treatment result will be obtained.

Temperature Control System with Multi-closed Loops for Lithography Projection Lens

Image quality is one of the most important specifications of optical lithography tool and is affected notably by temperature, vibration, and contamination of projection lens（PL）. Traditional method of local temperature control is easier to introduce vibration and contamination, so temperature control system with multi-closed loops is developed to control the temperature inside the PL, and to isolate the influence of vibration and contamination. A new remote indirect-temperature-control（RITC） method is proposed in which cooling water is circulated to perform indirect-temperature-control of the PL. Heater and cooler embedded temperature control unit（TCU） is used to condition the temperature of the cooling water, and the TCU must be kept away from the PL so that the influence of vibration and contamination can be avoided. A new multi-closed loops control structure incorporating an internal cascade control structure（CCS） and an external parallel cascade control structure（PCCS） is designed to prevent large inertia, multi-delay, and multi-disturbance of the RITC system. A nonlinear proportional-integral（PI） algorithm is applied to further enhance the convergence rate and precision of the control process. Contrast experiments of different control loops and algorithms were implemented to verify the impact on the control performance. It is shown that the temperature control system with multi-closed loops reaches a precision specification at ±0.006 ℃ with fast convergence rate, strong robustness, and self-adaptability. This method has been successfully used in an optical lithography tool which produces a pattern of 100 nm critical dimension（CD）, and its performances are satisfactory.

基于联合体双方异质性特征的EPC项目控制权配置模型研究

为确保联合体双方各自利益不受损的同时,实现项目效益最大化,EPC(Engineering-Procurement-Construction)项目控制权的合理配置成为关键。在考虑联合体双方异质性特征的基础上,构建EPC项目特定控制权与剩余控制权的配置模型,并对模型进行理论推导与假设检验。研究发现:联合体牵头者的身份能够有效抑制自利性投入行为;较高的决策偏好度会诱发自利性投入行为;特定控制权与剩余控制权配置区间的增加均会激发联合体双方的项目性投入;提高风险承受度而降低风险偏好度有利于减少设计方的自利性投入。研究成果为具有异质性特征的联合体成员间控制权的合理配置提供对策。

A Novel Method for Assessing and Optimizing Software Project Process Based Risk Control

A new approach for assessing and optimizing software project process based on software risk control presented, which evaluates and optimizes software project process from the view of controlling the software project risks. A model for optimizing software risk control is given, a discrete optimization algorithm based on dynamic programruing is proposed and an example of using above method to solve a problem is also included in this paper. By improving the old passive post-project control into an active effective preaction, this new method can greatly promote the possibility of success of software projects.

Benefit Evaluation Model of Small Watershed Control Based on Projection Pursuit

A projection pursuit model is presented in this paper for comprehensive evaluation of benefits of small watershed control.By using the model,small watershed control samples with many benefit evaluation indexes can be synthesized projective values with one dimension.The samples can be naturally evaluated according to the projective values.The parameters of the model is optimized by using real coding beased accelerating genetic aglrothm,which overcomes the shortcomings of large computation amount and difficulty of computer programming in traditional projection prusuit methods,and provides a new way for wide applications of projection pursuit technique to different evaluation problems in agricultural systems engineering.

京津风沙源区NPP时空变化及其对治理工程实施的响应

利用遥感大数据对生态治理工程区域的净初级生产力和固碳能力进行长期动态监测可以实现对治理工程的实施效果的评价,同时为区域“碳中和”目标的实现及可持续发展提供有力支撑。利用Google Earth Engine(GEE)云计算平台,基于改进的CASA模型对京津风沙源治理工程区域的NPP进行计算。运用Sen斜率分析和MK趋势分析方法对2001—2020年间的NPP进行时空变化分析,并分析NPP对京津风沙源治理工程实施的响应。结果表明:1)在京津风沙源工程治理期间,京津风沙源区NPP总体呈波动上升趋势,平均增速为2.21 gC m^(-2)a^(-1),其中极显著增加区域占38.03%,说明京津风沙源治理工程对我国“碳中和”任务起到了积极作用,增加了区域的固碳能力;2)空间尺度上,京津风沙源区NPP和固碳量空间异质性较大,空间分布上主要呈现东部高,西部低的特点,其中,暖温带落叶阔叶林区域最高,温带荒漠区域最低;3)治理工程的实施所带来的NPP增长的速度在不同的区域并不一致,2001—2020年的NPP增速京津冀地区(4.74 gC m^(-2)a^(-1))>山西地区(4.52 gC m^(-2)a^(-1))>陕西地区(3.53 gC m^(-2)a^(-1))>内蒙古地区(1.55 gC m^(-2)a^(-1));4)生态工程实施所带来的生态环境的改善总体呈现先慢后快的特点,绝大部分区域后十年间的变化速率都显著大于前十年,而在生态环境较为恶劣、荒漠区域广布的内蒙古地区,生态环境的改善则具有一定的滞后性,2001—2010年NPP增速仅为0.04 gC m^(-2)a^(-1),直到2011年,NPP才开始有较为明显的增长,2011—2020年NPP增速为1.67 gC m^(-2)a^(-1)。风沙源治理工程需要长期坚持,才能取得更明显的成效。

城市轨道交通基坑工程变形控制值研究

[目的]设置监测项目的变形控制值,对施工安全进行控制,以确保施工期间结构自身及周边环境稳定性,是城市轨道交通工程施工非常重要的工作内容。采用明挖法时,变形控制值因所处地质条件的不同而表现出较为明显的差异,需进一步明确不同地质条件下基坑的变形控制值。[方法]以北京地铁基坑工程为研究案例,分两个区域(西部、中东部)分别收集、整理了基坑工程的监测数据。选取基坑地面沉降、围护桩顶/墙顶处沉降、围护桩顶/墙顶处水平位移、围护桩体/墙体处水平位移作为监测项目,利用统计分析方法对这四类监测项目的控制值进行深入研究,并研究了变形值与基坑设计深度H的关系,针对两个区域基坑的四类监测项目分别提出了控制建议值。[结果及结论]这四类监测项目的控制建议值为:西部区域基坑建议分别取25~40 mm和0.10%H~0.20%H、15 mm、15 mm、25~40 mm和0.10%H~0.20%H;中东部区域基坑建议分别取30~50 mm和0.15%H~0.30%H、20 mm、20 mm、30~50 mm和0.15%H~0.30%H。