Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship and experiences of occupational health nurses (OHNs) and related departments in project development of mental health care for primary treatment in the...Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship and experiences of occupational health nurses (OHNs) and related departments in project development of mental health care for primary treatment in the Japanese occupational health setting. Method: A total of 235 OHNs who are members of the Japan Academy of Occupational Health Nursing were sent an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included items on the following: the OHN’s background, whether the OHN had experience in project development, the communication between the associated departments, the Japanese version of the Work Engagement Scale (UWES-J), occupational assessments, workplace assessments, and the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) for health promotion in companies and the OHN’s working environment. We performed logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between experience and these harmonious relationships with other associated departments. Result: Responses from 61 OHNs (valid response rate: 25.9%) were analyzed. The mean number of years of service as an OHN was 18.9, and 82% of respondents had experience in project development. The logistic analysis further revealed that OHNs who had experience in project development of mental health care usually had a harmonious relationship with other associated departments. Conclusion: To promote mental health care for workers, OHNs have the capability to create individual and workplace assessments, enhance their work engagement, and make further improvements to their working environment. .展开更多
The Yangtze River has nurtured the fertile land on both its banks and hundreds of millions of Chinese people. but its raging waters have also wreaked havoc on the people living in its reaches. Since the founding of Ne...The Yangtze River has nurtured the fertile land on both its banks and hundreds of millions of Chinese people. but its raging waters have also wreaked havoc on the people living in its reaches. Since the founding of New China, large-scale surveys, planning, scientific research and feasibility studies have been carried out in an effort to harness the展开更多
This paper aims to explore a simpler and more user-friendly way of generating software based on model-driven development.Previous studies have attempted to generate code from domain models,hoping to reduce coding time...This paper aims to explore a simpler and more user-friendly way of generating software based on model-driven development.Previous studies have attempted to generate code from domain models,hoping to reduce coding time by increasing modeling time.However,as code tools become more advanced,it is challenging to improve efficiency because models are abstract while implementations are concrete.This paper proposes a novel approach that integrates ChatGPT as a plug-in into the whole R&D process and combines it with our code generation tool to enhance R&D efficiency.We have developed some demos to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.According to our evaluation,our approach can save more than 90%of the work in implementing the code generation tool,leaving only about 10%of the work for code review,code improvement,and unit testing.展开更多
In project-based organizations knowledge is a critical resource used to develop and deliver products and services with a high level of quality. Therefore, a systematic and sustainable process is necessary to coordinat...In project-based organizations knowledge is a critical resource used to develop and deliver products and services with a high level of quality. Therefore, a systematic and sustainable process is necessary to coordinate knowledge management, project management and product lifecycle. This scenario predominates in companies focused on the creation and maintenance of information systems. This article presents an exploratory study based on a framework that integrates cognitive, managerial, and operational processes in a public Brazilian organization that provides services in the area of information and communications technology, focusing on the construction and maintenance of information systems. Those processes are operationalized by three management models considering knowledge, project, and software development processes. Our proposal aims to understand the relationships between those three management models and their influence on the software development process in the organization under study. Our premise is based on the principle that cognitive management, project management, and software development management must be integrated to fulfill the demands of product development and service provision. The research data was composed of registers of working hours spent on software development and maintenance projects involving 244 people allocated to 5064 projects in the period from 2007 to 2013. The study resulted in the identification of the relationships among the three management models adopted by the organization, with emphasis on knowledge management activities, which were not directly identified, making it difficult to account for and measure them. We established a set of activities connected to each one of the knowledge management model phases. Since those activities were not visible before, our approach contributed to build a systematic process to register and relate activities linked to the dimensions of cognitive processes, project management, and software construction.展开更多
Developing large- and intermediate-scale biogas project is an important gripper ofBeijingrural energy construction and “Green Beijing” construction. The existing projects have made obvious energy and environment ben...Developing large- and intermediate-scale biogas project is an important gripper ofBeijingrural energy construction and “Green Beijing” construction. The existing projects have made obvious energy and environment benefits, but the overall effects have not been fully exerted. There is still a large gap betweenBeijing’s ecological civilization goal and the operation effect. This paper takes biogas projects ofBeijingseven mountainous counties as examples, the development status, ecological environment construction and existing problems of operating are explained respectively. Finally, some countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for promoting the sustainable development of biogas project inBeijing, such as strengthening technical innovation and setting standards, innovating development patterns and planning reasonable layout, improve the maintenance mechanism and intensify policy support.展开更多
Hydropower if scientifically developed is considered to be one of the clean and non-polluted renewable energy sources.But its impacts always exist on physical and social environment of the area.The present study was c...Hydropower if scientifically developed is considered to be one of the clean and non-polluted renewable energy sources.But its impacts always exist on physical and social environment of the area.The present study was conducted in the River Satluj basin which is well known for its hydropower potential.The main objective of the study was to understand the vulnerability of the Satluj basin and to develop a strategy for the development of hydropower projects.This basin has been facing many problems relating to construction of haphazard development of hydropower projects.This has led multi-hazards like landslides,floods,earthquakes,etc.Here,vulnerability assessment index was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively.Geographical Information System and people’s perception were used to study these aspects in the basin.The parameters considered for vulnerability assessment were slope,slope profile,relative relief,curvature,slope aspect,soil texture,lithology,river morphometry,precipitation,hydroelectric projects,land use and land cover,mass-movement,flood,geological elements and earthquake occurrences.The highest vulnerability was found in the middle zone,and finally on the basis of parameters analyzed;the hydropower’s development strategy was developed.展开更多
According to the modem management theories and the characters of industrial estate land development project, this paper studies the after-evaluation's content and method of industrial estate land development project ...According to the modem management theories and the characters of industrial estate land development project, this paper studies the after-evaluation's content and method of industrial estate land development project and puts forward the index system of course after-evaluation, finance after-evaluation and society after-evaluation. Moreover, this paper also brings forward the method and model of synthetic after-evaluation.展开更多
Due to the dual dris oftural and man-made factors, relative sea leverise in China's coastal plains can be 2 to 3 times over the global mean dunng thefirst half of the 21st Century, it will strongly whuence the van...Due to the dual dris oftural and man-made factors, relative sea leverise in China's coastal plains can be 2 to 3 times over the global mean dunng thefirst half of the 21st Century, it will strongly whuence the vanous coastal projectsand installations and the development of coastal dhes and towns. Research resultsshow that a 50-cm-nse in relative sea leve will cause maed decline in the functionof coastal defense and drainage projects and seriously endangur the functionalworking of the vast majority of coastal harbors. Meanwhile, it will also whuence thedevelopment of coastal dhes and towns throwi deterioratin water quality of thesource of urban water supply, increasing urban fiood risk and damagin seasidetounst resources etc.. Tianin, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the three most importancoastal dhes of China, will be Strongly affeded.展开更多
In the software engineering literature, it is commonly believed that economies of scale do not occur in case of software Development and Enhancement Projects (D&EP). Their per-unit cost does not decrease but increa...In the software engineering literature, it is commonly believed that economies of scale do not occur in case of software Development and Enhancement Projects (D&EP). Their per-unit cost does not decrease but increase with the growth of such projects product size. Thus this is diseconomies of scale that occur in them. The significance of this phenomenon results from the fact that it is commonly considered to be one of the fundamental objective causes of their low effectiveness. This is of particular significance with regard to Business Software Systems (BSS) D&EP characterized by exceptionally low effectiveness comparing to other software D&EP. Thus the paper aims at answering the following two questions: (1) Do economies of scale really not occur in BSS D&EP? (2) If economies of scale may occur in BSS D&EP, what factors are then promoting them? These issues classify into economics problems of software engineering research and practice.展开更多
The present paper is aimed at reviewing sustainable development and sustainability approach for infrastructure projects in the United Kingdom. It is imperative that major infrastructure projects (MIPs) adhere to the p...The present paper is aimed at reviewing sustainable development and sustainability approach for infrastructure projects in the United Kingdom. It is imperative that major infrastructure projects (MIPs) adhere to the principles of sustainable development in order to promote sustainability. This requires identifying sustainable strategies that are capable of serving as a guide to inculcating sustainability into major infrastructural projects. The current paper examines ways of inculcating sustainability into infrastructure projects bearing in mind that construction, maintenance and the way we use facilities have significant impacts on the environment. In addition to the fact that, decision making tools on methods of inculcating sustainability into infrastructure project appear too complex to stakeholders;and in most cases they do not provide stakeholders the necessary information required to make a good judgement. Hence, the present paper relies on desk study to gather existing data on infrastructure project and sustainable development. Existing data are obtained from books, scholarly articles and the WebPages of municipal authorities in the UK. Amongst other findings, the paper reveals that the utilization of environmental impact statements and environmental assessment documents at the formative stage of projects will aid the assessment of the level of sustainability to be achieved in any infrastructure development.展开更多
The agricultural comprehensive development project performance evaluation refers to the evaluation and assessment of the expected target original and effectiveness after the completion of a project, discuss how to acc...The agricultural comprehensive development project performance evaluation refers to the evaluation and assessment of the expected target original and effectiveness after the completion of a project, discuss how to according to different projects to form a reasonable evaluation system for agricultural comprehensive development project, make a reasonable assessment, which can not only ensure the project quality, but also to achieve the project plans to further improve and perfect, make agricultural development operation became more efficient, so it has the practical significance. This paper describes the construction of the performance evaluation system of agricultural comprehensive development project problems, and puts forward some countermeasures for construction of agricultural comprehensive development project performance evaluation system.展开更多
Agricultural comprehensive development project is an important component of our country's financial expenditure. Making a reasonable evaluation of comprehensive agricultural development projects is not only to guaran...Agricultural comprehensive development project is an important component of our country's financial expenditure. Making a reasonable evaluation of comprehensive agricultural development projects is not only to guarantee high quality of project implementation, but also of practical significance to the enhancement of our country' s comprehensive agricultural production capacity. Being based on the present situation and characteristics of the project, this paper has raised the general thinking about the overall performance evaluation for the project and analyzed the dimension factors in the evaluation system.展开更多
Integrated Agricultural Development Project is an important part of China' s fiscal expenditure. Make a reasonable assessment to Integrated projects for agricultural development, not only can to protect the quality o...Integrated Agricultural Development Project is an important part of China' s fiscal expenditure. Make a reasonable assessment to Integrated projects for agricultural development, not only can to protect the quality of the project has been implemented, but also has important practical significance for enhancing China' s comprehensive agricultural production capacity. In this paper, combined with the present situation of China' s comprehensive agricultural development project performance evaluation, proposed the design process of comprehensive agricultural development project performance evaluation system, and analysis of the performance evaluation method selected.展开更多
The Qingdao Rubber Group Company has completed its technical renovation project on 300,000 sets of allsteel heavy-duty meridian tyres with a loan provided by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), After the renovation, its...The Qingdao Rubber Group Company has completed its technical renovation project on 300,000 sets of allsteel heavy-duty meridian tyres with a loan provided by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), After the renovation, its products have earned the standard certificate DOT from the United States and the ECE certificate from Europe, and entered the world market, Now the tyres are not only selling well in Third World countries, but also failing to keep up with demand in Britain, the United States, Europe and Australia, and other countries and regions.展开更多
Projections for 20 years of economic growth and change in the structure of the Thai economy were made for 180 sectors using a computable general equilibrium(CGE) model to compare the following four scenarios:(1) stand...Projections for 20 years of economic growth and change in the structure of the Thai economy were made for 180 sectors using a computable general equilibrium(CGE) model to compare the following four scenarios:(1) standard growth with infinite supply of factors,(2) finite land supply,(3) fixed use of agricultural chemicals,and(4) combined finite land supply with fixed use of agricultural chemicals.The computable projections suggest that the economic cost of hypothetical environmental control in agriculture is small and further weakened by urbanization.The computed structural development points to efficiency improvements specific to sectors to return the economy to balanced growth.展开更多
The frequently observed positive impact of adopting risk management strategies on projects’ overall outcome has led many software development organizations to appreciate its significant role in the pursuit of cost re...The frequently observed positive impact of adopting risk management strategies on projects’ overall outcome has led many software development organizations to appreciate its significant role in the pursuit of cost reduction, schedule overruns decrease and, generally, improved performance. In line with this issue, this study investigates a wide range of relevant literature, proposes a new conceptual framework for managing risk in software development projects, introduces new conceptual factors, brings out their interrelation, and suggests new prospects and managerial implications for both practitioners and academics. The conceptual framework has two basic axes. Firstly, the determination of the impact of constructs such as Project Characteristics, Project Risk Management Team, Risk Identification Approaches, and Project Quality on the level of Project Risk. The majority of the items used to measure these constructs are proposed for the first time in the literature. Additionally, the assessment of the impact of Project Risk (and all of the dimensions that compose it), simultaneously with the estimation of the impact of the Residual Performance Risk on the final subjective and objective Project Performance could provide project managers with a better picture of the effectiveness and adequacy of their risk management practices.展开更多
The challenges posed by climate change require that the quantity and quality of water resources in Nepal be managed with sustainable development practices. The communities around the Kaligandaki Gorge Hydropower Proje...The challenges posed by climate change require that the quantity and quality of water resources in Nepal be managed with sustainable development practices. The communities around the Kaligandaki Gorge Hydropower Project in the Myagdi District of Nepal depend on river flow for most of their rural and agricultural needs. Without a sustainable development plan, the growing population of the region, confined in an area with declining water resources, will face serious challenges to economic growth. Meteorological data show increasing annual average rainfall at a slight rate of about 0.284 mm/year, with erratic annual percentage change in rainfall in the area. The mean and minimum temperatures show decreasing trends at the rates of 0.05-C and 0.14-C per year, respectively. An assessment of the impacts on water availability for domestic and irrigation usage in the face of competing demands caused by the hydropower development project in the Kaligandaki Gorge was undertaken. The water demand and supply modeling were conducted using the water evaluation and planning (WEAP) model, based on discharge data from the Kaligandaki River, which were obtained from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal. The available data from 2001 to 2003 were used to estimate the model parameters while the stability of these parameters was tested with a validation period from 2004 to 2007. The performance of the model was assessed through statistical measures of calibration with the root mean square error and coefficient of determination, whose values were 0.046% and 0.79, respectively. Two scenarios were created in addition to the base case scenario: the discharge decrement scenario and new irrigation technology scenario. Analysis showed that a prioritization of demands will be necessary in the area in the near future for the purpose of sustainability of water resources, due to climate change impacts.展开更多
Almost all the projects were com-pleted by March 1994,but a few larger projects will be finished in March 1995.The total Canadian con-tribution of CAN$4.2 million has already been fully committed.A]-though this projec...Almost all the projects were com-pleted by March 1994,but a few larger projects will be finished in March 1995.The total Canadian con-tribution of CAN$4.2 million has already been fully committed.A]-though this project has come to an end,the All-China Women's Federa-tion will continue to do its utmost to improve Chinese women's lives.展开更多
文摘Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship and experiences of occupational health nurses (OHNs) and related departments in project development of mental health care for primary treatment in the Japanese occupational health setting. Method: A total of 235 OHNs who are members of the Japan Academy of Occupational Health Nursing were sent an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included items on the following: the OHN’s background, whether the OHN had experience in project development, the communication between the associated departments, the Japanese version of the Work Engagement Scale (UWES-J), occupational assessments, workplace assessments, and the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) for health promotion in companies and the OHN’s working environment. We performed logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between experience and these harmonious relationships with other associated departments. Result: Responses from 61 OHNs (valid response rate: 25.9%) were analyzed. The mean number of years of service as an OHN was 18.9, and 82% of respondents had experience in project development. The logistic analysis further revealed that OHNs who had experience in project development of mental health care usually had a harmonious relationship with other associated departments. Conclusion: To promote mental health care for workers, OHNs have the capability to create individual and workplace assessments, enhance their work engagement, and make further improvements to their working environment. .
文摘The Yangtze River has nurtured the fertile land on both its banks and hundreds of millions of Chinese people. but its raging waters have also wreaked havoc on the people living in its reaches. Since the founding of New China, large-scale surveys, planning, scientific research and feasibility studies have been carried out in an effort to harness the
基金fully supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province in China(Grant No.2021CFB482)Basic Research Science and Technology Project of Xiangyang(High-tech Domain 2022ABH007013)Hubei Superior and Distinctive Discipline Group of“New Energy Vehicle and Smart Transportation”。
文摘This paper aims to explore a simpler and more user-friendly way of generating software based on model-driven development.Previous studies have attempted to generate code from domain models,hoping to reduce coding time by increasing modeling time.However,as code tools become more advanced,it is challenging to improve efficiency because models are abstract while implementations are concrete.This paper proposes a novel approach that integrates ChatGPT as a plug-in into the whole R&D process and combines it with our code generation tool to enhance R&D efficiency.We have developed some demos to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.According to our evaluation,our approach can save more than 90%of the work in implementing the code generation tool,leaving only about 10%of the work for code review,code improvement,and unit testing.
文摘In project-based organizations knowledge is a critical resource used to develop and deliver products and services with a high level of quality. Therefore, a systematic and sustainable process is necessary to coordinate knowledge management, project management and product lifecycle. This scenario predominates in companies focused on the creation and maintenance of information systems. This article presents an exploratory study based on a framework that integrates cognitive, managerial, and operational processes in a public Brazilian organization that provides services in the area of information and communications technology, focusing on the construction and maintenance of information systems. Those processes are operationalized by three management models considering knowledge, project, and software development processes. Our proposal aims to understand the relationships between those three management models and their influence on the software development process in the organization under study. Our premise is based on the principle that cognitive management, project management, and software development management must be integrated to fulfill the demands of product development and service provision. The research data was composed of registers of working hours spent on software development and maintenance projects involving 244 people allocated to 5064 projects in the period from 2007 to 2013. The study resulted in the identification of the relationships among the three management models adopted by the organization, with emphasis on knowledge management activities, which were not directly identified, making it difficult to account for and measure them. We established a set of activities connected to each one of the knowledge management model phases. Since those activities were not visible before, our approach contributed to build a systematic process to register and relate activities linked to the dimensions of cognitive processes, project management, and software construction.
文摘Developing large- and intermediate-scale biogas project is an important gripper ofBeijingrural energy construction and “Green Beijing” construction. The existing projects have made obvious energy and environment benefits, but the overall effects have not been fully exerted. There is still a large gap betweenBeijing’s ecological civilization goal and the operation effect. This paper takes biogas projects ofBeijingseven mountainous counties as examples, the development status, ecological environment construction and existing problems of operating are explained respectively. Finally, some countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for promoting the sustainable development of biogas project inBeijing, such as strengthening technical innovation and setting standards, innovating development patterns and planning reasonable layout, improve the maintenance mechanism and intensify policy support.
基金the ‘Director, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand- 263 647, India’ for providing fundthe Inhouse funded project by the Institute titled, ‘Strategic Environmental Assessment of Hydropower Projects in the Indian Himalayan region’
文摘Hydropower if scientifically developed is considered to be one of the clean and non-polluted renewable energy sources.But its impacts always exist on physical and social environment of the area.The present study was conducted in the River Satluj basin which is well known for its hydropower potential.The main objective of the study was to understand the vulnerability of the Satluj basin and to develop a strategy for the development of hydropower projects.This basin has been facing many problems relating to construction of haphazard development of hydropower projects.This has led multi-hazards like landslides,floods,earthquakes,etc.Here,vulnerability assessment index was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively.Geographical Information System and people’s perception were used to study these aspects in the basin.The parameters considered for vulnerability assessment were slope,slope profile,relative relief,curvature,slope aspect,soil texture,lithology,river morphometry,precipitation,hydroelectric projects,land use and land cover,mass-movement,flood,geological elements and earthquake occurrences.The highest vulnerability was found in the middle zone,and finally on the basis of parameters analyzed;the hydropower’s development strategy was developed.
文摘According to the modem management theories and the characters of industrial estate land development project, this paper studies the after-evaluation's content and method of industrial estate land development project and puts forward the index system of course after-evaluation, finance after-evaluation and society after-evaluation. Moreover, this paper also brings forward the method and model of synthetic after-evaluation.
文摘Due to the dual dris oftural and man-made factors, relative sea leverise in China's coastal plains can be 2 to 3 times over the global mean dunng thefirst half of the 21st Century, it will strongly whuence the vanous coastal projectsand installations and the development of coastal dhes and towns. Research resultsshow that a 50-cm-nse in relative sea leve will cause maed decline in the functionof coastal defense and drainage projects and seriously endangur the functionalworking of the vast majority of coastal harbors. Meanwhile, it will also whuence thedevelopment of coastal dhes and towns throwi deterioratin water quality of thesource of urban water supply, increasing urban fiood risk and damagin seasidetounst resources etc.. Tianin, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the three most importancoastal dhes of China, will be Strongly affeded.
文摘In the software engineering literature, it is commonly believed that economies of scale do not occur in case of software Development and Enhancement Projects (D&EP). Their per-unit cost does not decrease but increase with the growth of such projects product size. Thus this is diseconomies of scale that occur in them. The significance of this phenomenon results from the fact that it is commonly considered to be one of the fundamental objective causes of their low effectiveness. This is of particular significance with regard to Business Software Systems (BSS) D&EP characterized by exceptionally low effectiveness comparing to other software D&EP. Thus the paper aims at answering the following two questions: (1) Do economies of scale really not occur in BSS D&EP? (2) If economies of scale may occur in BSS D&EP, what factors are then promoting them? These issues classify into economics problems of software engineering research and practice.
文摘The present paper is aimed at reviewing sustainable development and sustainability approach for infrastructure projects in the United Kingdom. It is imperative that major infrastructure projects (MIPs) adhere to the principles of sustainable development in order to promote sustainability. This requires identifying sustainable strategies that are capable of serving as a guide to inculcating sustainability into major infrastructural projects. The current paper examines ways of inculcating sustainability into infrastructure projects bearing in mind that construction, maintenance and the way we use facilities have significant impacts on the environment. In addition to the fact that, decision making tools on methods of inculcating sustainability into infrastructure project appear too complex to stakeholders;and in most cases they do not provide stakeholders the necessary information required to make a good judgement. Hence, the present paper relies on desk study to gather existing data on infrastructure project and sustainable development. Existing data are obtained from books, scholarly articles and the WebPages of municipal authorities in the UK. Amongst other findings, the paper reveals that the utilization of environmental impact statements and environmental assessment documents at the formative stage of projects will aid the assessment of the level of sustainability to be achieved in any infrastructure development.
文摘The agricultural comprehensive development project performance evaluation refers to the evaluation and assessment of the expected target original and effectiveness after the completion of a project, discuss how to according to different projects to form a reasonable evaluation system for agricultural comprehensive development project, make a reasonable assessment, which can not only ensure the project quality, but also to achieve the project plans to further improve and perfect, make agricultural development operation became more efficient, so it has the practical significance. This paper describes the construction of the performance evaluation system of agricultural comprehensive development project problems, and puts forward some countermeasures for construction of agricultural comprehensive development project performance evaluation system.
文摘Agricultural comprehensive development project is an important component of our country's financial expenditure. Making a reasonable evaluation of comprehensive agricultural development projects is not only to guarantee high quality of project implementation, but also of practical significance to the enhancement of our country' s comprehensive agricultural production capacity. Being based on the present situation and characteristics of the project, this paper has raised the general thinking about the overall performance evaluation for the project and analyzed the dimension factors in the evaluation system.
文摘Integrated Agricultural Development Project is an important part of China' s fiscal expenditure. Make a reasonable assessment to Integrated projects for agricultural development, not only can to protect the quality of the project has been implemented, but also has important practical significance for enhancing China' s comprehensive agricultural production capacity. In this paper, combined with the present situation of China' s comprehensive agricultural development project performance evaluation, proposed the design process of comprehensive agricultural development project performance evaluation system, and analysis of the performance evaluation method selected.
文摘The Qingdao Rubber Group Company has completed its technical renovation project on 300,000 sets of allsteel heavy-duty meridian tyres with a loan provided by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), After the renovation, its products have earned the standard certificate DOT from the United States and the ECE certificate from Europe, and entered the world market, Now the tyres are not only selling well in Third World countries, but also failing to keep up with demand in Britain, the United States, Europe and Australia, and other countries and regions.
基金supported by School of Social and Environmental Development,National Institute of Development Administration,Bangkok,Thailand[grant date:8 August 2012]
文摘Projections for 20 years of economic growth and change in the structure of the Thai economy were made for 180 sectors using a computable general equilibrium(CGE) model to compare the following four scenarios:(1) standard growth with infinite supply of factors,(2) finite land supply,(3) fixed use of agricultural chemicals,and(4) combined finite land supply with fixed use of agricultural chemicals.The computable projections suggest that the economic cost of hypothetical environmental control in agriculture is small and further weakened by urbanization.The computed structural development points to efficiency improvements specific to sectors to return the economy to balanced growth.
文摘The frequently observed positive impact of adopting risk management strategies on projects’ overall outcome has led many software development organizations to appreciate its significant role in the pursuit of cost reduction, schedule overruns decrease and, generally, improved performance. In line with this issue, this study investigates a wide range of relevant literature, proposes a new conceptual framework for managing risk in software development projects, introduces new conceptual factors, brings out their interrelation, and suggests new prospects and managerial implications for both practitioners and academics. The conceptual framework has two basic axes. Firstly, the determination of the impact of constructs such as Project Characteristics, Project Risk Management Team, Risk Identification Approaches, and Project Quality on the level of Project Risk. The majority of the items used to measure these constructs are proposed for the first time in the literature. Additionally, the assessment of the impact of Project Risk (and all of the dimensions that compose it), simultaneously with the estimation of the impact of the Residual Performance Risk on the final subjective and objective Project Performance could provide project managers with a better picture of the effectiveness and adequacy of their risk management practices.
文摘The challenges posed by climate change require that the quantity and quality of water resources in Nepal be managed with sustainable development practices. The communities around the Kaligandaki Gorge Hydropower Project in the Myagdi District of Nepal depend on river flow for most of their rural and agricultural needs. Without a sustainable development plan, the growing population of the region, confined in an area with declining water resources, will face serious challenges to economic growth. Meteorological data show increasing annual average rainfall at a slight rate of about 0.284 mm/year, with erratic annual percentage change in rainfall in the area. The mean and minimum temperatures show decreasing trends at the rates of 0.05-C and 0.14-C per year, respectively. An assessment of the impacts on water availability for domestic and irrigation usage in the face of competing demands caused by the hydropower development project in the Kaligandaki Gorge was undertaken. The water demand and supply modeling were conducted using the water evaluation and planning (WEAP) model, based on discharge data from the Kaligandaki River, which were obtained from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal. The available data from 2001 to 2003 were used to estimate the model parameters while the stability of these parameters was tested with a validation period from 2004 to 2007. The performance of the model was assessed through statistical measures of calibration with the root mean square error and coefficient of determination, whose values were 0.046% and 0.79, respectively. Two scenarios were created in addition to the base case scenario: the discharge decrement scenario and new irrigation technology scenario. Analysis showed that a prioritization of demands will be necessary in the area in the near future for the purpose of sustainability of water resources, due to climate change impacts.
文摘Almost all the projects were com-pleted by March 1994,but a few larger projects will be finished in March 1995.The total Canadian con-tribution of CAN$4.2 million has already been fully committed.A]-though this project has come to an end,the All-China Women's Federa-tion will continue to do its utmost to improve Chinese women's lives.