Ambiguous nucleus regulates the proliferation and percentage of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood

The aim of this study was to examine the immunomodulatory role of the unilateral ambiguous nucleus （Amb）. We performed electrical stimulation of the unilateral Amb, electrical stimulation of the left parietal cortex and the lateral hypothalamus following unilateral Arab lesion, as well as microinjection of acetylcholine chloride and hemicholine-3 into the unilateral Amb, and electrical stimulation of the unilateral Amb after injection of atropine, mecamylamine, propranolol, and phentolamine. Results showed that the number and proliferation of peripheral blood T lymphocytes were increased after electrical stimulation of the unilateral Arab. The cholinergic neurons in the Amb released choline substances to alter cellular immunity, thus confirming that the Amb mediates the neuro-immunomodulatory process.

Costimulation of resting B lymphocytes alters the IL-4-activated IRS2 signaling pathway in a STAT6 independent manner: implications for cell survival and proliferation

IL-4 is an important B cell survival and growth factor. IL-4 induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS2 in resting B lymphocytes and in LPS- or CD40L-activated blasts. Phosphorylated IRS2 coprecipitated with the p85 subunit of PI 3’ kinase in both resting and activated cells. By contrast, association of phosphorylated IRS2 with GRB2 was not detected in resting B cells after IL-4 treatment although both proteins were expressed. However, IL-4 induced association of IRS2 with GRB2 in B cell blasts. The pattern of IL-4- induced recruitment of p85 and GRB2 to IRS2 observed in B cells derived from STAT6 null mice was identical to that observed for normal mice. While IL-4 alone does not induce activation of MEK, a MEKI inhibitor suppressed the IL-4-induced proliferative response of LPS-activated B cell blasts. These results demonstrate that costimulation of splenic B cells alters IL-4-induced signal transduction independent of STAT6 leading to proliferation. Furthermore, proliferation induced by IL-4 in LPS-activated blasts is dependent upon the MAP kinase pathway.

Bystanders or not?Microglia and lymphocytes in aging and stroke

As the average age of the world population increases,more people will face debilitating aging-associated conditions,including dementia and stroke.Not only does the incidence of these conditions increase with age,but the recovery afterward is often worse in older patients.Researchers and health professionals must unveil and understand the factors behind age-associated diseases to develop a therapy for older patients.Aging causes profound changes in the immune system including the activation of microglia in the brain.Activated microglia promote T lymphocyte transmigration leading to an increase in neuroinflammation,white matter damage,and cognitive impairment in both older humans and rodents.The presence of T and B lymphocytes is observed in the aged brain and correlates with worse stroke outcomes.Preclinical strategies in stroke target either microglia or the lymphocytes or the communications between them to promote functional recovery in aged subjects.In this review,we examine the role of the microglia and T and B lymphocytes in aging and how they contribute to cognitive impairment.Additionally,we provide an important update on the contribution of these cells and their interactions in preclinical aged stroke.

GZMB在乳腺癌和乳腺良性肿物患者中的表达及与T淋巴细胞水平的关系研究

目的:探讨颗粒酶B(granzyme B,GZMB)在乳腺癌和乳腺良性肿物患者中的表达及与T淋巴细胞水平的关系。方法:选取2022年1月至2023年8月南阳市第一人民医院收治的乳腺癌患者63例为观察组,根据肿瘤分期分为T_(1)N_(0)M_(0)组、T_(2)N_(0)M_(0)组、T_(2)N_(1)M_(0)组、T_(3)N_(0)M_(0)组及T_(3)N_(1)M_(0)组;选择同期治疗的乳腺良性肿物患者9例为对照组;采用流式细胞仪测定各组GZMB及T淋巴细胞水平;对乳腺癌患者GZMB与T淋巴细胞参数完成相关性分析。结果:观察组乳腺癌患者GZMB水平高于对照组(P<0.05);CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)及CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)水平低于对照组(P<0.05);乳腺癌不同分期下CD_(8)^(+)水平无统计差异(P>0.05);乳腺癌患者中T_(3)N_(1)M_(0)组GZMB水平高于其余4组(P<0.05),CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)及CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)水平低于其余4组(P<0.05);乳腺癌患者分期越高,GZMB水平越高,CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)及CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)水平越低;Pearson相关性结果表明,乳腺癌患者GZMB水平与CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)及CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)水平呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:GZMB在乳腺癌患者中呈高表达,其表达水平在不同分期中存在差异,且与T淋巴细胞水平存在相关性,可指导临床诊疗。

伴单克隆B淋巴细胞和单克隆浆细胞增殖的AITL 1例

血管免疫母细胞性T细胞淋巴瘤(angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma,AITL)是一种预后较差的侵袭性淋巴瘤。本文报道1例伴单克隆B淋巴细胞和单克隆浆细胞增殖AITL患者的诊疗经过,以提高对AITL的认识及诊疗水平,从而减少漏诊和误诊。

超声心动图参数及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、NF-κB、CD64水平预测新生儿败血症预后的价值

【目的】探讨超声心动图参数及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、核因子-κB(NF-κB)、簇分化抗原64(CD64)水平预测新生儿败血症预后的价值。【方法】选取2020年1月至2023年2月本院收治的95例新生儿败血症,根据预后情况将其分为存活组(n=80)和死亡组(n=15)。比较两组患儿超声心动图参数[左室短轴缩短率(FS)、升主动脉内径(AAO)、左室射血分数(LVEF)]、心肌损伤标志物[肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)]、T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+))、NF-κB、CD64水平;采用Logistic多因素回归分析新生儿败血症预后不良的相关影响因素;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析心电图指标及实验室指标预测新生儿败血症预后的临床价值。【结果】两组患儿肌酸激酶CK、CK-MB水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);存活组FS、AAO及LVEF高于死亡组患儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿CD8^(+)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);存活组患儿CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平高于死亡组,NF-κB、CD64水平低于死亡组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);存活组患儿白细胞计数(WBC)低于死亡组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示:FS、LVEF、CD64是影响新生儿败血症预后的相关因素(P<0.05)。FS、LVEF、CD64联合预测新生儿败血症预后的ROC曲线下面积为0.948,明显高于各指标单独预测的0.827、0.895和0.877(P<0.05)。【结论】FS、LVEF联合CD64检测对新生儿败血症预后有良好的预测价值,临床可通过密切监测上述指标及时判断新生儿败血症预后,采取相关干预措施。

Frequencies and Characterization of HBV-specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Self-limited and Chronic Hepatitis B Viral Infection in China

Hepatitis B virus （HBV）-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes （CTLs） are believed to play a major role in viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during HBV infection. To clarify the differences in host immune responses between self-limited and chronic HBV infections, we constructed three HLA-A＊0201/HBV tetramers with immunodominant epitopes of core18-27, polymerase 575-583 and envelope 335-343, and analyzed the HBV-specific CTLs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） from patients infected with HBV. The frequencies and expansion ability of HBV-specific CD8＋T cells in most self-limited HBV infected individuals were higher than those in chronic HBV-infected patients. HBV-specific CD8＋T cells could be induced by in vitro peptide stimulation from chronic patients with a low level of serum HBV-DNA but not from those with a high level of serum HBV-DNA. In chronic infection, no significant correlation was found either between the frequencies of HBV-specific CD8^＋ T cells and the viral load, or between the frequencies and the levels of alanine transaminase. Our results suggested that the frequencies of HBV-specific CTLs are not the main determinant of immune-mediated protection in chronic HBV infection and immunotherapeutic approaches should be aimed at not only boosting a HBV-specific CD8^＋T response but also improving its function.

Inhibition of T Cell and Stimulation of B Cell Proliferation by Restraint Stress Mediated by Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel 1.3 Expression

Our previous study has showed that restraint stress inhibits T cell proliferation. Kv1.3 plays a key role in the lymphocyte activation process. Here, we investigate the effects of restraint stress on murine splenic T and B cell proliferation and the role of Kv1.3 in the process. 3H-TdR incorporation is used to determine changes in splenocyte proliferation stimulated by Con A or LPS between control and restraint stress groups. The data shows that restraint stress inhibits T cell and enhanced B cell proliferation. Data from RT-PCR and Western blotting shows that Kv1.3 gene and protein levels are downregulated in T cells and upregulated in B cells in stressed mice. To examine a possible cause-and-effect relationship between Kv1.3 and stress-affected lymphocyte proliferation, we employ various Kv1.3 specific blockers (quinine, 4-AP and TEA) to determine K+ channel function under restraint stress. The data shows that Kv1.3 blockers reverse the decreased T cell proliferation and increase B cell proliferation induced by restraint stress. These results indicate that Kv1.3 mediates restraint stress-induced modulation of T/B lymphocyte proliferation.

Correlation analysis of TCM syndrome types with T lymphocytes and biochemical indices in patients with HBV-related primary liver cancer

Objective:To investigate the correlation between T lymphocytes and biochemical indices in patients with Primary liver cancer(PLC)associated with hepatitis B virus(HBV)and TCM syndrome differentiation.Methods:263 HBV-related PLC patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively collected.There were 127 cases of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome(48.3%),48 cases of spleen deficiency and dampness syndrome(18.3%),31 cases of liver and gallbladder dampness and heat syndrome(11.8%),35 cases of liver and blood stasis syndrome(13.3%),and 22 cases of liver and kidney Yin deficiency syndrome(8.4%).The general data,T cell subsets,oncology and virology indicators,oncology characteristics,biochemical indicators and other data were counted.Epidata and Excel were used to collect and summarize the data,and SPSS26.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:There was no significant difference in gender and age distribution among the five syndrome types(χ^(2)=5.462,F=1.979,ALL P>0.05).The differences among T lymphocyte count(χ^(2)=57.785,P<0.001),CD4(+)T cell count(χ^(2)=47.103,P<0.001)and CD8(+)T lymphocyte count(F=12.760,P<0.001)were statistically significant.The T lymphocyte count,CD4(+)T lymphocyte count and CD8(+)T lymphocyte explicit count in patients with liver and kidney Yin deficiency syndrome were significantly lower than those in the other four syndrome types.AFP(χ^(2)=89.986,P<0.001),CEA(χ^(2)=95.501,P<0.001),CA199(χ^(2)=30.044,P<0.001)of the five syndrome types increased successively from the syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency to the syndrome of liver and kidney Yin deficiency,and the difference was statistically significant.There were statistically significant differences in the inner diameter of main portal vein,portal vein cancer thrombin and extrahepatic metastasis among the five syndrome types(ALL P<0.001).The main symptoms of portal vein cancer thrombin and extrahepatic metastasis were liver-gallbladder dampness-heat syndrome and liver-blood stasis syndrome.The differences among PLT(χ^(2)=39.234,P<0.001),Alb(χ^(2)=75.171,P<0.001),TBil(χ^(2)=51.140,P<0.001),AST(χ^(2)=55.881,P<0.001),PT(χ^(2)=21.515,P<0.001)were statistically significant.PLT and Alb decreased successively from the syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency to the syndrome of liver and kidney Yin deficiency.PLT and Alb of the syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency were significantly higher than those of the other four groups,and TBil and AST of the syndrome of liver and gallbladder dampness and heat were significantly higher than those of the other four groups.PT of liver and kidney Yin deficiency was significantly higher than that of the other four groups.The lymphocyte count,CD4(+) lymphocyte count and CD8(+) lymphocyte count were negatively correlated with AFP,PT and TBil(ALL P<0.05),and positively correlated with PLT(P<0.05).T lymphocyte count was positively correlated with AIb(P<0.05).Conclusion:This study found that patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome have better cellular immune function,liver function and prognosis.Patients with liver and kidney Yin deficiency have lower cellular immunity,worse liver function,and worse prognosis.Portal vein carcinoma embolus and extrahepatic metastasis were mainly characterized by dampness and heat of liver and gallbladder and blood stasis of liver.Patients with lower lymphocyte counts have poorer blood clotting,worse the liver reserve,and the higher the risk of further cancer.

Profile of Plasma Galectin-3 Concentrations, Inflammatory Cytokines Levels and Lymphocytes Status in Breast Cancer under Chemotherapy

We investigated relationship between galectin-3 (Gal-3) levels and T lymphocytes apoptosis and the activation rates in breast cancer during chemotherapy. We used plasma samples from 112 women classified into two groups: 70 women with breast cancer (BC) and submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (3 cycles) and 42 healthy women used as controls. In the group of BC, blood samples were taken before each cycle of chemotherapy and Gal-3 levels was evaluated by ELISA sandwich. Flow cytometry was used to study T cells apoptosis and activation. Before treatment, median value of Gal-3 was 6.31 ng/ml (range 1.07 - 50.74) in BC and 0.84 ng/ml (range 0.00 - 4.82) in HC. Gal-3 levels were highest in plasmas from BC (p p p = 0.010). In addition, we found a dynamic relationship between gal-3 levels, tumor size and T lymphocytes apoptosis rates during treatment depending to the cure efficiency. We suggest gal-3 plasma concentrations could be used as predictive biomarker for chemotherapy efficiency in breast cancer patients.

乙型肝炎相关性肝癌患者T淋巴细胞、白介素-28B及高尔基体蛋白73的表达及临床意义

目的:分析乙型肝炎相关性肝癌患者T淋巴细胞、白介素-28B (IL-28B)及高尔基体蛋白73 (GP73)的表达及临床意义。方法:选取2018年10月—2021年10月商丘市第一人民医院收治的119例乙型肝炎相关性肝癌患者作为观察组,选取同期体检的112例健康人群作为对照组。比较两组研究对象血清IL-28B、GP73及T淋巴细胞水平,分析IL-28B、GP73、T淋巴细胞与病理特征及预后的关系。结果:观察组血清IL-28B、GP73及CD8^(+)表达水平均高于对照组,CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=148.380、13.155、9.827、9.939、16.367、11.453,P<0.05)。不同年龄、性别、肿瘤直径的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)相关性肝癌患者血清中IL-28B、GP73水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。有淋巴结转移、TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、低分化、有血管浸润者血清中IL-28B、GP73水平高于无淋巴结转移、TNM分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、中/高分化、无血管浸润者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HBV相关性肝癌患者血清中CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)在不同年龄、性别、肿瘤直径中比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)水平在不同淋巴结转移情况、TNM分期、分化程度及血管浸润中比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。死亡者血清GP73、IL-28B水平均高于生存者,CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)指标低于生存者,差异有统计学意义(t=16.629、2.082、9.267,P<0.05)。结论:乙型肝炎相关性肝癌患者血清IL-28B、GP73及CD8^(+)表达水平明显升高,CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)指标下降,IL-28B、GP73及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平与相关病理特征、预后具有密切的联系。

系统性红斑狼疮不同疾病时期外周血中ILC、B细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群水平变化及临床意义

目的探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)不同疾病时期外周血中固有淋巴细胞(ILC)、B细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群水平变化及临床意义。方法前瞻性选择2020年1月至2023年1月神木市医院收治的90例SLE患者进行研究(观察组),采用系统性红斑狼疮疾病活动性指数(SLEDAI)评分评价所有SLE患者的病情活动程度,其中活动组(SLEDAI≥5分)32例,非活动组(SLEDAI<5分)58例,并选择同期在我院体检的90例健康者作为对照组。比较观察组与对照组,以及观察组不同疾病活动度患者的外周血ILC1、ILC2、ILC3、记忆B细胞、静止B细胞和CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)的表达水平。采用Pearson相关分析法分析ILC、B细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群水平与疾病活动度的相关性。结果观察组患者的ILC1、记忆B细胞、CD8^(+)水平分别为(20.35±2.51)%、(25.45±6.70)%、(36.20±2.93)%,明显高于对照组的(14.55±1.20)%、(21.79±6.53)%、(31.28±2.74)%,ILC2、ILC3、静止B细胞、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平分别为(10.12±1.34)%、(6.20±1.12)%、(60.23±8.14)%、(30.85±3.30)%、0.81±0.07,明显低于对照组的(42.49±3.48)%、(14.36±2.41)%、(42.05±3.38)%、(42.05±3.38)%、1.53±0.10,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);活动组患者的ILC1、记忆B细胞、CD8^(+)水平分别为(22.40±2.53)%、(32.02±9.12)%、(39.36±3.16)%,明显高于非活动组的(18.64±2.04)%、(26.88±6.45)%、(34.90±2.20)%,ILC2、ILC3、静止B细胞、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平分别为(8.66±0.81)%、(5.73±1.10)%、(56.86±10.42)%、(27.96±3.10)%、0.68±0.05,明显低于非活动组的(19.68±1.85)%、(8.50±1.84)%、(62.03±11.25)%、(34.50±3.62)%、0.98±0.12,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Pearson相关分析结果显示,ILC1、记忆B细胞、CD8^(+)水平与疾病活动度均呈正相关(r=0.726、0.549、0.500,P<0.05),LC2、ILC3、静止B细胞、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平与疾病活动度均呈负相关(r=-0.503、-0.715、-0.705、-0.668、-0.734,P<0.05)。结论SLE患者外周血中ILC、B细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群水平与疾病活动度密切相关,对其监测有助于评估疾病进展和制定治疗方案。

CAR-T细胞免疫疗法对复发/难治性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者LDH、ALC、CD4+/CD8+、Ki67表达的影响

目的探讨嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)免疫疗法对复发/难治性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)患者乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、淋巴细胞绝对值(ALC)、CD4+/CD8+、肿瘤增殖抗原(Ki67)表达的影响。方法回顾性选取复发/难治性DLBCL患者92例,均经CAR-T细胞免疫治疗。记录复发/难治性DLBCL患者临床疗效及不良反应,比较治疗前后复发/难治性DLBCL患者LDH、ALC、CD4+/CD8+、Ki67水平。观察不同疗效患者治疗前临床特征,包括性别、年龄、AnnArbor分期、ECOG评分、结外受累部位、国际预后指数(IPI)、CAR-T治疗线数,以及治疗前LDH、ALC、CD4+/CD8+、Ki67水平。结果CAR-T免疫治疗后CR 39例(42.39%),PR 24例(26.09%),SD 18例(19.57%),PD 11例(11.96%);总有效63例(68.48%)。不良反应细胞因子释放综合征(CRS)71例(77.17%),低免疫球蛋白血症73例(79.35%)。经CAR-T细胞免疫治疗后LDH、Ki67水平较治疗前下降,ALC、CD4+/CD8+较治疗前上升,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。DLBCL治疗无效患者年龄、AnnArbor分期、结外受累部位数量、IPI、LDH、Ki67、CAR-T治疗线数均高于治疗有效组患者,ALC、CD4+/CD8+均低于治疗有效组患者(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示高龄、AnnArborⅣ期、多结外受累部位数量、高IPI得分、二线以上CAR-T以及治疗前LDH、Ki67的水平升高和ALC、CD4+/CD8+的水平降低是影响DLBCL患者CAR-T细胞免疫治疗疗效的危险因素(P<0.05)。建立ROC曲线,LDH、ALC、CD4+/CD8+、Ki67 AUC分别为0.823、0.835、0.873、0.849,提示LDH、ALC、CD4+/CD8+、Ki67对CAR-T细胞免疫治疗疗效具有一定的预测价值。结论CAR-T细胞免疫疗法可降低LDH、Ki67水平表达,升高ALC和CD4+/CD8+表达,且治疗前LDH、ALC、CD4+/CD8+、Ki67表达对CAR-T细胞免疫疗法疗效具有预测价值。

基于BCMA突变体构建BCMA CAR-T细胞体外杀伤功能评价模型

目的:为解决野生型B细胞成熟抗原(BCMA)被γ分泌酶切割导致表达不稳定的问题,构建抵抗γ分泌酶切割的BCMA突变体并构建靶细胞,用于评价BCMA CAR-T细胞的杀伤功能。方法:将野生型BCMA的穿膜域替换为人CD8α穿膜域,构建抵抗γ分泌酶切割的BCMA突变体(BCMA-CD8αTM),构建过表达该突变体的U266(U266^(BCMA Mut))、K562(K562^(BCMA Mut))、SKOV3(SKOV3^(BCMA Mut))和CHO(CHO^(BCMA Mut))细胞;构建装载NFAT-EGFP报告基因的BCMA CAR Jurkat细胞(BCMA-CAR-Jurkat-Reporter)与U266^(BCMA Mut)细胞共培养,采用FCM检测该细胞中EGFP表达水平以指示NFAT激活水平,荧光素酶法检测BCMA CAR-T细胞对Luciferase标记的K562^(BCMA Mut)细胞的杀伤作用,实时无标记动态细胞分析技术(RTCA)检测BCMA CAR-T细胞对SKOV3^(BCMA Mut)和CHO^(BCMA Mut)细胞的杀伤作用。结果:应用γ分泌酶抑制剂LY411575抑制γ分泌酶活性,显著增强野生型U266细胞表面BCMA表达水平,平均荧光强度上调10倍以上;但撤除抑制剂后BCMA表达水平逐渐降低(P<0.01);BCMA-CD8αTM突变体可抵抗γ分泌酶的切割作用,在U266细胞表面稳定表达(P>0.05);U266细胞及过表达BCMA-CD8αTM的U266细胞与BCMA-CAR-Jurkat-Reporter细胞共培养后都可激活Reporter系统、增强EGFP表达,但该效应在BCMA-CD8αTM过表达的U266细胞中更显著(P<0.01);BCMA-CD8αTM在BCMA表达阴性的K562、SKOV3和CHO 3种靶细胞中成功过表达,且在LY411575处理下该突变体的表达水平仅有小幅度升高;荧光素酶法检测结果显示,不同效靶比下,BCMA CAR-T细胞均可特异、高效杀伤过表达BCMA-CD8αTM的K562细胞;RTCA结果显示,不同效靶比下,BCMA CAR-T细胞均可有效识别、杀伤过表达BCMACD8αTM的SKOV3和CHO细胞,但同等效靶比下的Mock-T细胞无此效应。结论:本实验构建的BCMA-CD8αTM突变体能够抵抗γ分泌酶的切割,在多种靶细胞表面稳定表达,为评价BCMA CAR-T细胞体外杀伤的有效性和特异性提供多种检测手段。

综合需求在B淋巴细胞白血病CAR-T治疗患者自我效能感和生命质量间的中介效应

目的分析综合需求在B淋巴细胞白血病嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)治疗患者自我效能感和生命质量间的中介效应。方法采取横断面研究法,选取2022年4月-2023年4月我院收治的B淋巴细胞白血病CAR-T治疗患者127例,采用一般资料问卷、一般自我效能感量表、中文版癌症患者综合需求评估量表(CNAT)、中文版癌症患者生命质量测定量表(FACT-G)进行问卷调查,分析综合需求与自我效能感、生命质量间的相关性,建立综合需求在自我效能感和生命质量间的中介模型并验证。结果回收有效问卷127份(97.69%)。127例患者自我效能感、生命质量和综合需求得分分别为(21.91±5.46)分、(68.18±17.23)分和(127.61±23.49)分。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,患者自我效能感与生命质量呈显著正相关(r>0,P<0.05),综合需求与自我效能感、生命质量呈显著负相关(r<0,P<0.05)。自我效能感对综合需求、生命质量有直接预测作用(P<0.05),综合需求在自我效能感和生命质量间具有部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的24.35%。结论B淋巴细胞白血病CAR-T治疗患者综合需求处于较高水平,且综合需求、生命质量及自我效能感之间具有密切关系,自我效能感能够直接影响患者的生命质量,还可通过综合需求间接影响患者生命质量;临床应针对患者综合需求进行有效干预,影响患者自我效能感对生命质量的作用路径,提升生命质量。

HBV相关原发肝细胞癌患者T淋巴细胞、壳酶蛋白和DR-70表达水平差异

目的探讨不同临床分型乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染患者外周血T淋巴细胞、壳酶蛋白、纤维蛋白降解复合物(DR-70)表达水平的变化及临床意义,分析肝细胞癌患者T淋巴细胞、壳酶蛋白和DR-70的相关性。方法回顾性选取2017年9月至2022年9月烟台市奇山医院收治的慢性HBV感染患者173例作为试验组[男114例,女59例,年龄(45.38±12.72)岁],再根据病情分为乙型肝炎病毒携带者59例、慢性乙型肝炎患者51例、肝硬化患者31例和肝细胞癌患者32例,以同期健康体检者40例作为对照组[男22例,女18例,年龄(39.15±14.95)岁]。运用流式细胞术检测各研究对象外周血T淋巴细胞亚群表达水平,采用酶联免疫吸附试验双抗体夹心法定量检测外周血DR-70水平,应用磁微粒化学发光法检测外周血壳酶蛋白水平。两两比较采用Games-Howell检验,Welch方差用于分析组间方差不齐。Kruskal-Wallis H检验用于非正态分布的计量资料比较,采用χ^(2)检验和Pearson相关分析法进行计数资料组间比较和相关性分析。结果肝细胞癌组CD3^(+)表达水平[(61.43±19.26)%]最低,肝硬化组CD3^(+)CD8^(+)表达水平[(17.89±9.15)%]最低,与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);CD3^(+)CD4^(+)水平在试验组各小组中升高程度不同,肝硬化组最高[(37.16±13.84)%],与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。慢性乙型肝炎组、肝硬化组和肝细胞癌组外周血DR-70和壳酶蛋白水平均不同程度升高(均P<0.01),且均在肝细胞癌组中表达水平[(30.11±9.96)mg/L、(213.11±39.76)μg/L]最高(均P<0.01)。肝细胞癌组患者外周血CD3^(+)T淋巴细胞表达占比与DR-70水平呈负相关(r=-0.291,P=0.037)。结论血清DR-70和壳酶蛋白在细胞肝癌中高表达,与T淋巴细胞亚群联合检测可用于评估慢性肝病患者疾病进展程度,有助于慢性乙型肝炎的临床诊疗,特别是对肝脏肿瘤的早期诊断具有较大的应用价值。

Immunomodulating property of Ocimum sanctum by regulating the IL-2 production and its mRNA expression using rat's splenocytes

Objective:To investigate the regulatory effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Ocimum sanctum on IL-2 cytokine production in vivo and in vitro,and the effect of leaves extract on general blood picture including T& B lymphocytes.Methods:For in vivo studies albino Wistar rats were treated with aqueous crude leaves extract of Ocimum sanctum for 20 consecutive days.Spleen cells were harvested and assayed for IL-2 production by using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and mRNA expression methods.For in vitro study aqueous Ocimum sanctum leaves extract= in different concentrations(25-500μ/mL) was added into culture plates containing ConA stimulated splenocytes.To study the overall effect on blood picture,density gradient purified lymphocytes analysis and conventional methodology for total and differential leukocyte count and hemoglobin level were also done.Results:It indicated that the rats treated with Ocimum sanctum leaves extract had significantly enhanced(P【0.001) ability of spleen cells to secrete IL-2.Investigation in vitro also showed regulation of IL-2 production.Blood study exhibited leucocytosis and augmentation of T& B lymphocytes by 25%approximately.4-5%increase in Hemoglobin value was also noticed.Conclusion:Aqueous Ocimum sanctum leaves extract may have stimulatory effect on T & B lymphocytes particularly on Th 1 subset of lymphocytes as shown by enhancement in IL-2 production.

Lamprey buccal gland secretory protein-2 (BGSP-2) inhibits human T lymphocyte proliferation

Lamprey is a representative of the agnathans, the most ancient class of vertebrates. Parasitic lampreys secrete anticoagulantfrom their buccal glands and prevent blood coagulation of host fishes. We identified a buccal gland secretory protein-2(BGSP-2) from a buccal gland cDNA library of Lampetra japonica. The full-length BGSP-2 gene was cloned and the recombinantBGSP-2 protein was generated. The role of BGSP-2 on lymphocyte proliferation was studied by examining its effects onhuman T lymphocytes. We found that lamprey BGSP-2 was able to effectively block the proliferation of T cells in vitro by inducingG_1/S cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, it inhibited the proliferation of human T lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin(PHA) at a minimum concentration of 0.1μg/ml. Our data suggest that lamprey BGSP-2 is able to block the mitosis of humanT lymphocytes at the G1/S point, and has the potential of anti-proliferative effect on PHA-activated T

Observation of T Lymphocyte Subsets in the Liver of Patients with Advanced Schistosomiasis and Advanced Schistosomiasis Accompanied with Hepatitis B

T lymphocyte subsets in the liver were detected by Avidin-Biotin Complex (ABC) assay in 22 patients with advanced schistosomiasis (AS) and 5 cases of AS accompanied with hepatitis B. T lymphocytes in the liver of AS patients were distributed in the peripheral layer of egg granuloma or the area near eggs in non-granuloma. No infiltrative T lymphocytes were observed in area with extensive fibrosis. There was infiltration of many T cells in the portal tract, piecemeal and focal necro- sis area as well as in hepatic sinus in AS patients accompanied with hepatitis B. CD8+ T cells (sup pressor/cytotoxic T cells, Ts/Tc) in the liver were predominant in the two groups. In AS patients, marked hepatic fibrosis, a small number of T cell infiltration and slight hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis were observed. However, obvious hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis were seen in AS patients accompanied with hepatitis B, and 3 cases of them developed active liver cirrhosis. The results indicated immune response was weak in the liver in AS patients and T. cells might be predominant in the subset of CDS+ T lymphocytes. Cellular immune response was relatively strong in AS patients accompanied with hepatitis B and the infiltrative CD8+ T lymphocytes might be mainly Tc cells.