The hype was flowing when 5G wireless service began rolling out around 2018(Fig.1).According to the US wireless company Verizon,based in New York City,NY,USA,5G would usher in“a Fourth Industrial Revolution”[1].The ...The hype was flowing when 5G wireless service began rolling out around 2018(Fig.1).According to the US wireless company Verizon,based in New York City,NY,USA,5G would usher in“a Fourth Industrial Revolution”[1].The technology would also allow surgeons to perform operations remotely on patients thousands of kilometers away,permit communications between driverless cars,and offer other life-changing benefits[2,3].展开更多
President Xi Jinping’s inspection tour of Hebei to promote coordinated Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei development underlines the region’s pursuit of Chinese modernization.
Heterodera avenae （cereal cyst nematode, CCN） infects many cereal crops and causes serious yield losses worldwide. Interaction studies investigating H. avenae and its hosts are still in their infancy. In this study,...Heterodera avenae （cereal cyst nematode, CCN） infects many cereal crops and causes serious yield losses worldwide. Interaction studies investigating H. avenae and its hosts are still in their infancy. In this study, a barley model plant, the Hordeum vulgare cultivar Golden Promise, was investigated for its potential as a candidate model host to study its inter- action with H. avenae. CCN-infective juveniles were attracted by the root tips and gathered around the root elongation zones of Golden Promise on 0.7% water agar plates. The juveniles invaded the roots and developed successfully until maturation at 40 days after inoculation in sterile sand soil. The cryotomy and syncytium measurements indicated that the syncytia enlarged gradually throughout the development of the nematodes and caused the corresponding root regions to swell obviously. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the down-regulation of defence-related barley genes and up-regulation Of development-related barley ger^es contribute to the understanding of compatible interaction between H. avenae and Golden Promise. Barley stripe mosaic virus （BSMV） virus-induced gene silencing （VIGS） can be used in the roots of Golden Promise. In conclusion, the Hordeum vulgare cultivar Golden Promise is a suitable candidate model host for interaction studies with Heterodera avenae. The studies presented above document the first CCN host that no.t only has published genome context but also be compatible to BSMV VIGS.展开更多
Despite being the long-time mainstream semiconductor for both logic and power devices, Silicon is now facing its dilemma and limitation of scalability and material potential.Especially for power devices, people are de...Despite being the long-time mainstream semiconductor for both logic and power devices, Silicon is now facing its dilemma and limitation of scalability and material potential.Especially for power devices, people are demanding escalating efficiency with higher blocking voltage while its power consumption and heat generation are less. Constrained by its narrow bandgap of 1.14 eV, Silicon only has a critical breakdown field(E_c) of 0.3 MV/cm, yielding a Baliga figureof-merit(BFOM = ε×μ× E_c^3) of unity when normalized to itself. It is hence required that the dominating factor E_c should be as high as possible such that the BFOM will be hundreds or even thousands of times when compared to Silicon so as to minimize the conduction loss. Beta-Gallium Oxide(β-Ga_2O_3) with decent μ of 250 cm2/Vs, ultra-wide bandgap of4.8 eV and high critical E_c of 8 MV/cm, yielding a superior high BFOM of more than 3000. Therefore, system made withβ-Ga_2O_3 can be thinner, lighter and capable of handling more power than the one with Silicon. In addition, low-cost and large size substrate through melt-grown method endows β-Ga_2O_3 more potentials as cost-effective power devices. After resolving the low thermal conductivity issue,unipolar devices made with ultra-wide bandgap β-Ga_2O_3 are promised to make power transition and our life more efficient.展开更多
One day in late 2022 or early 2023,a customer somewhere in the United States will make history by purchasing the first pair of hearing aids sold over the counter(OTC).For more than 40 years,these devices have been ava...One day in late 2022 or early 2023,a customer somewhere in the United States will make history by purchasing the first pair of hearing aids sold over the counter(OTC).For more than 40 years,these devices have been available in the United States and many other countries mainly through audiologists or other hearing professionals.But updated regulations scheduled for enactment later this year by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA),the US agency that oversees drugs and medical devices,will allow retailers to sell hearing aids directly to consumers[1].展开更多
Background：Traumatic injury to the adult mammalian spinal cord results in minimal axonal regrowth,cystic cavity formation at the injury site,poor functional recovery and there is no cure available.Due to the complex ...Background：Traumatic injury to the adult mammalian spinal cord results in minimal axonal regrowth,cystic cavity formation at the injury site,poor functional recovery and there is no cure available.Due to the complex nature of spinal cord injury（SCI）,a combination of therapeutic strategies may offer the most promise for successful regeneration（Ahuja et al.,2017）.展开更多
Elaborate proof-of-principle experiments in several laboratories around the world have recently offered glimpses of a future in which high-throughput automatic laboratories guided by artificial intelligence(AI)might e...Elaborate proof-of-principle experiments in several laboratories around the world have recently offered glimpses of a future in which high-throughput automatic laboratories guided by artificial intelligence(AI)might enhance the process for discovery of new materials,such as those for clean energy technologies.And in chemical engineering,using AI to aid in synthesis planning and performance offers the prospect of scientists needing little more than an idea and an internet connection to generate novel molecules in state-of-the-art,remote laboratories.Announced in August 2020,International Business Machine Corporation(IBM)’s RoboRXN for Chemistry provides a high-profile example of the potential for combining AI and laboratory automation[1].The system not only provides chemical recipes to produce organic molecules of interest but can also synthesize those molecules automatically using commercially available hardware—in the case of IBM’s demonstrator,a Flex-category automated-synthesis workstation(Fig.1)manufactured by Chemspeed Technologies(Füllinsdorf,Switzerland).展开更多
Computers already gobble a large share of the world’s electrical power,and their energy demand will likely soar with the deployment of more and more power-hungry artificial intelligence(AI)systems[1].In a step that m...Computers already gobble a large share of the world’s electrical power,and their energy demand will likely soar with the deployment of more and more power-hungry artificial intelligence(AI)systems[1].In a step that might reduce AI’s electricity use and environmental impact,Lightmatter,a startup based in Boston,MA,USA,announced that it has developed a microchip that performs calculations with light and requires about one-sixth the energy of a comparable electronic chip(Fig.1)[2].Other companies are developing similar photon-based chips for AI and for many other uses,including self-driving cars and quantum computing[3,4].展开更多
Car fleets escorted by police along Chang’an Avenue are not a rare sight for Beijing residents, who are accustomed to the practice when leaders of foreign states visit the capital of China.
In recent years,with the advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative,tourism cooperation has become closer between China and the countries along the Belt and Road.Statistics from the China Tourism Academy show that Ch...In recent years,with the advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative,tourism cooperation has become closer between China and the countries along the Belt and Road.Statistics from the China Tourism Academy show that China’s outbound tourists to the countries along the Belt and Road is on the rise from 15.49 million in 2013 to 27.41 million in 2017,up by 77%during five years and with an average annual growth rate of 15.34%.The development of tourism has boosted trade and cultural exchange between China and the countries along the Belt and Road,which has become a significant force in driving the construction of the Belt and Road.展开更多
China Cultural Center in Tel Aviv is to take up the mission of enhancing the mutual harmony of the hearts of the two peoples and promoting cultural exchanges,of telling the China story on the "Promised Land"...China Cultural Center in Tel Aviv is to take up the mission of enhancing the mutual harmony of the hearts of the two peoples and promoting cultural exchanges,of telling the China story on the "Promised Land",so as to add more beautiful melody to the movement of friendship between the PRC and Israel.展开更多
文摘The hype was flowing when 5G wireless service began rolling out around 2018(Fig.1).According to the US wireless company Verizon,based in New York City,NY,USA,5G would usher in“a Fourth Industrial Revolution”[1].The technology would also allow surgeons to perform operations remotely on patients thousands of kilometers away,permit communications between driverless cars,and offer other life-changing benefits[2,3].
文摘President Xi Jinping’s inspection tour of Hebei to promote coordinated Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei development underlines the region’s pursuit of Chinese modernization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571988)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201503114)the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2013CB127502)
文摘Heterodera avenae （cereal cyst nematode, CCN） infects many cereal crops and causes serious yield losses worldwide. Interaction studies investigating H. avenae and its hosts are still in their infancy. In this study, a barley model plant, the Hordeum vulgare cultivar Golden Promise, was investigated for its potential as a candidate model host to study its inter- action with H. avenae. CCN-infective juveniles were attracted by the root tips and gathered around the root elongation zones of Golden Promise on 0.7% water agar plates. The juveniles invaded the roots and developed successfully until maturation at 40 days after inoculation in sterile sand soil. The cryotomy and syncytium measurements indicated that the syncytia enlarged gradually throughout the development of the nematodes and caused the corresponding root regions to swell obviously. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the down-regulation of defence-related barley genes and up-regulation Of development-related barley ger^es contribute to the understanding of compatible interaction between H. avenae and Golden Promise. Barley stripe mosaic virus （BSMV） virus-induced gene silencing （VIGS） can be used in the roots of Golden Promise. In conclusion, the Hordeum vulgare cultivar Golden Promise is a suitable candidate model host for interaction studies with Heterodera avenae. The studies presented above document the first CCN host that no.t only has published genome context but also be compatible to BSMV VIGS.
文摘Despite being the long-time mainstream semiconductor for both logic and power devices, Silicon is now facing its dilemma and limitation of scalability and material potential.Especially for power devices, people are demanding escalating efficiency with higher blocking voltage while its power consumption and heat generation are less. Constrained by its narrow bandgap of 1.14 eV, Silicon only has a critical breakdown field(E_c) of 0.3 MV/cm, yielding a Baliga figureof-merit(BFOM = ε×μ× E_c^3) of unity when normalized to itself. It is hence required that the dominating factor E_c should be as high as possible such that the BFOM will be hundreds or even thousands of times when compared to Silicon so as to minimize the conduction loss. Beta-Gallium Oxide(β-Ga_2O_3) with decent μ of 250 cm2/Vs, ultra-wide bandgap of4.8 eV and high critical E_c of 8 MV/cm, yielding a superior high BFOM of more than 3000. Therefore, system made withβ-Ga_2O_3 can be thinner, lighter and capable of handling more power than the one with Silicon. In addition, low-cost and large size substrate through melt-grown method endows β-Ga_2O_3 more potentials as cost-effective power devices. After resolving the low thermal conductivity issue,unipolar devices made with ultra-wide bandgap β-Ga_2O_3 are promised to make power transition and our life more efficient.
文摘One day in late 2022 or early 2023,a customer somewhere in the United States will make history by purchasing the first pair of hearing aids sold over the counter(OTC).For more than 40 years,these devices have been available in the United States and many other countries mainly through audiologists or other hearing professionals.But updated regulations scheduled for enactment later this year by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA),the US agency that oversees drugs and medical devices,will allow retailers to sell hearing aids directly to consumers[1].
基金supported by the Institute of Medical Sciences of the University of Aberdeen and Scottish Rugby Union
文摘Background：Traumatic injury to the adult mammalian spinal cord results in minimal axonal regrowth,cystic cavity formation at the injury site,poor functional recovery and there is no cure available.Due to the complex nature of spinal cord injury（SCI）,a combination of therapeutic strategies may offer the most promise for successful regeneration（Ahuja et al.,2017）.
文摘Elaborate proof-of-principle experiments in several laboratories around the world have recently offered glimpses of a future in which high-throughput automatic laboratories guided by artificial intelligence(AI)might enhance the process for discovery of new materials,such as those for clean energy technologies.And in chemical engineering,using AI to aid in synthesis planning and performance offers the prospect of scientists needing little more than an idea and an internet connection to generate novel molecules in state-of-the-art,remote laboratories.Announced in August 2020,International Business Machine Corporation(IBM)’s RoboRXN for Chemistry provides a high-profile example of the potential for combining AI and laboratory automation[1].The system not only provides chemical recipes to produce organic molecules of interest but can also synthesize those molecules automatically using commercially available hardware—in the case of IBM’s demonstrator,a Flex-category automated-synthesis workstation(Fig.1)manufactured by Chemspeed Technologies(Füllinsdorf,Switzerland).
文摘Computers already gobble a large share of the world’s electrical power,and their energy demand will likely soar with the deployment of more and more power-hungry artificial intelligence(AI)systems[1].In a step that might reduce AI’s electricity use and environmental impact,Lightmatter,a startup based in Boston,MA,USA,announced that it has developed a microchip that performs calculations with light and requires about one-sixth the energy of a comparable electronic chip(Fig.1)[2].Other companies are developing similar photon-based chips for AI and for many other uses,including self-driving cars and quantum computing[3,4].
文摘Car fleets escorted by police along Chang’an Avenue are not a rare sight for Beijing residents, who are accustomed to the practice when leaders of foreign states visit the capital of China.
文摘In recent years,with the advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative,tourism cooperation has become closer between China and the countries along the Belt and Road.Statistics from the China Tourism Academy show that China’s outbound tourists to the countries along the Belt and Road is on the rise from 15.49 million in 2013 to 27.41 million in 2017,up by 77%during five years and with an average annual growth rate of 15.34%.The development of tourism has boosted trade and cultural exchange between China and the countries along the Belt and Road,which has become a significant force in driving the construction of the Belt and Road.
文摘China Cultural Center in Tel Aviv is to take up the mission of enhancing the mutual harmony of the hearts of the two peoples and promoting cultural exchanges,of telling the China story on the "Promised Land",so as to add more beautiful melody to the movement of friendship between the PRC and Israel.
