Similarities and Differences of Anaphoric Pronoun in Chinese and English

In both English and Chinese, pronouns are used with great frequency. And there are numerous usages of pronoun anaphors. The similarities and differences are summarized with the comparison of pronoun anaphors in English and Chinese.

Pronoun Anaphor and Cataphor in Chinese

Chinese pronoun anaphora and cataphora are different from those in English.The co-indexing judgment tests implemented by the present study indicate that for anaphora,only when the focus is on the head DP of the possessive phrase,the co-indexing between DP at possessive position and anaphor is possible.This can be explained by c-commanding instead of parameterized DP hypothesis since DP at possessive position c-commands pronoun anaphor but the focus shift will lead to the implicit raise of the head DP of the possessive phrase and change the structure.For cataphora,the pronoun cataphor at possessive position fails to co-index with DP and pronoun cataphor in sentences with C head can co-index with DP.It is argued that phase condition and visibility condition can explain cataphora in Chinese instead of the phase commanding theory since both phase condition and visibility condition can ensure the temporary location of cataphor for checking semantic match.

Early Practice of Chinese Europeanized Grammar-Take the Plural of the First-Person Pronoun in The Pilgrim’s Progress in Mandarin as an Example

The Pilgrim’s Progress in Mandarin translated by the British missionary William Chalmers Burns in the 1860s is regarded as one of the typical representatives of the early Europeanized vernacular texts.Compared with the ancient vernacular,the frequency of the inclusive usage of“wǒmen”has increased significantly,which is directly influenced by the plural usage of first-person pronoun in English.Tracking back the origin of Chinese Europeanized grammar is an important part of the study of modern Chinese grammar,which not only is helpful to have a clear understanding of the characteristic of Europeanized grammar in the pre-development stage of modern Chinese,but also can lay a certain foundation for the comparative study of Europeanized grammar in different periods.In addition,this study can also provide linguistic basis for investigating the influence of western missionaries’Chinese translation on the formation of new literature.

On Similarities and Differences between Relative Pronouns in Relative Clauses

This paper,in two installments,attempts to clarify the finer points in the similarities and differences in the usage of relative pronouns,who,that and which,while they are in relative clauses.They are illustrated and justified with examples.The paper,through the comparison of the usages of who,that and which,has shown their similarities and differences from one another.It will enable us to master their usages and help us in studying relative clauses.

Explicitation of Personal Pronoun in Chinese Translation

Based on the comparable corpus of translated Chinese and original Chinese,this paper studies the explicitation of personal pronouns in translated Chinese.The results show that:(1)on the whole,the explicit characteristics of personal pronouns in translated Chinese are obvious;(2)The explicitation of the third personal pronoun is more obvious than that of the first and second personal pronouns,and the translation process,purpose and strategy and the source language shining through effect are the reasons for the explicitation.

A Diachronic Study of the Phenomena of Personal Pronouns with Attributives in Southeast Asia Huayu

Based on the phenomenon of personal pronouns with attributives,this paper investigates the development and evolution of grammar in Southeast Asia Huayu.The results showed that the personal pronouns with attributives have shown an upward development trend in the centuries-old Huayu,as evidenced by the increasing number and frequency of their use,and the expansion of the range of personal pronouns that can carry attributives as well as the types of attributives.In addition,investigating the use of this linguistic phenomenon in Huayu,Putonghua,and Mandarin in a global perspective,it can be found that the three maintain a greater consistency.

The Sociolinguistic Research on the Second Personal Pronouns "Ni" and "Nin" in Chinese

The personal pronoun is the indispensable and essential component in all languages.In modern standard Chinese,the second personal pronouns encompass two variations:the generic term "Ni" and the honorific term "Nin".No matter the speaker choose "Ni" or "Nin",it indicates the relationship between two interlocutors.This paper,based on the theories of sociolinguistics,mainly explores the pragmatic meanings of the second personal pronouns "Ni" and "Nin".The research obtain these conclusions:even if this pair of personal pronoun received the contextual constraints in the concrete utilization,but they can also derive a lot of pragmatic variations and deixis variations,the interlocutors will select distinct second personal pronouns to achieve the particular communicative goals.

Error Analysis of Personal Pronouns Use in English Writing of Junior High School Students:With the Tutored Students as Subjects

In recent years,analyses of linguistic errors in junior high English writing have been widely carried out in China.However,those studies that specialize in the misuse of personal pronouns are relatively rare.On the basis of Error Analysis theory,this paper regarded the tutored six students in Grade 8 by the author as the subjects, summarized three types of errors in personal pronouns use and their causes by analyzing subjects’writing samples and conducting interviews,and finally put forward some suggestions so as to contribute to the teaching and learning of junior high English writing.

Analysis on the Shift of Personal Pronoun in the Chinese Language——in Terms of Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle

Personal pronoun shift is a common phenomenon that by using second or third personal pronoun,the speaker means first personal pronoun;or speaker means second personal pronoun but uses first or third personal pronoun instead.Since the phe nomenon frequently appears in the Chinese language,a great number of linguists have studied the personal pronoun and the inter pretation of their usage.However,the study for the causes of the phenomenon is not so systemic.This paper aims to explain the personal pronoun shift from the perspective of Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle,which can help to discover the rela tionship between Cooperative principle and politeness in the shift of personal pronoun.

Applicationof Transferin Chinese Students' Learningon Reflexive Pronouns

The thesis is designed to investigate what the Chinese reflexive transfer is and how it works on the basis of behaviorism.Through the analysis of binding theory, mismatches between Chinese reflexive and English reflexive would be discussed in two main aspects, namely, long-distance binding and subject orientation. To test and support the argument, more sufficient teaching data would be processed from questionnaire. At the end of the analysis, it is supposed to put forward suggestions for teaching English reflexive to Chinese students.

A Context-Aware Model Using Distributed Representations for Chinese Zero Pronoun Resolution

Previous approaches to Chinese zero pronoun resolution mainly use syntactic information and probabilistic methods, but the context information is ignored. To make full use of the context and semantic information, we build a context-aware model. We propose a key words extraction strategy and design a classification model by using distributed representations as context feature. To our best knowledge, this is the first work using distributed representations in Chinese zero pronoun resolution. Experimental results show that our approach achieves a better performance than previous supervised methods.

The Practical Use of Syntactic Error Analysis of Pronoun Mistakes in L2 Writing

One of the toughest challenges facing EFL/ESL instructors is that learners find it difficult to translate what they learn in grammar class into their own writing.Moreover,they make the same mistakes repeatedly after being corrected.In order to improve students’writing,grammatical awareness is essential.Therefore,teachers should raise the students’level of awareness of syntactic patterns and transformations of the language(Koffi,2010).In this way,teachers are not merely giving the students answers directly,but are actually showing them how to solve these syntactic puzzles by themselves.The purpose of this paper is to analyze frequently made pronoun mistakes in College ESL students’writings to offer insights into how to use pronouns accurately and to enhance learners’writing skills.This paper will look closely at a set of writings done mostly by Somali ESL students in the hope of developing some pedagogical suggestions for teaching pronouns.Frequently made pronoun mistakes will be discussed with examples from students’writing samples.

Corpus-based Comparison of Plural First-personal Pronoun in Argumentative Essays of Chinese EFL Learners and Native Students

The goal of this study is to compare the use of plural forms of the first personal pronouns by native English speakers andChinese EFL learners in their argumentative essays from the aspect of collocation,based on English native college students’writ-ten-English corpus LOCNESS and Chinese learner corpus of written-English WECCL.The results showed that under the influenceof the oral features of written English of Chinese EFL learners,the transferability of native language,and the collective value of Chi-nese culture,Chinese EFL learners overuse the plural forms of the first personal pronoun"we"and"our"in the argumentative es-says and often collocate"we"with auxiliary verbs"should""must",which are not commonly used in argumentative essays of na-tives students.

The Use of First Person Pronouns in Master dissertation

This writing is quantitative and qualitative empirical study of how first person pronouns are employed in master dissertations by advanced learners.The results reveal that the variations in the use of the first person pronouns do exist.It will help the advanced learners get a better understanding of the first person pronouns and write a perfect introduction,usually written both in English and in Chinese,in order to be accepted by the international publications and gain a better academic exchange.

A Comparative Study of Empty Pronouns Between English and Chinese

The thesis is a comparative study of empty pronouns between English and Chinese under the frame work of GB theory.Following the introductory part,the existence of PRO and pro has been researched in both English and Chinese.Then,the two kinds of empty pronouns are respectively compared between the two languages.A comparison has been made between English and Chinese in terms of their generation,distribution,classification,reference and interpretation to explore both the similarities and differences.Disputable issues have been covered and we tried to find out a solution.As a whole,English shares the same classification with Chinese except for pro.They do not have substantial differences in property,but PRO used in the two languages have distinction in concrete sentence structures.Since English possesses no pro,we have focused on its presence in Chinese.This total difference can clearly show us the difference between the two languages.This thesis aims at exploring the distinctive features and properties of English and Chinese by comparison so as to bring enlightenment to the translation in this aspect and gain a better understanding of the two languages in the structure.