Reduced emergence agitation with proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops after general anaesthesia for paediatric strabismus surgery

Purpose:To investigate the effect of proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops on emergence agitation after general anaesthesia for paediatric strabismus surgery.Methods:Paediatric patients(3-12 years-old)receiving strabismus surgery were randomly assigned to receive 1-2 drops of isotonic saline(n=129)or proparacaine hydrochloride(n=129)after surgery.The incidence and degree of emergence agitation were recorded and compared between groups.Results:A significantly lower occurrence of emergence agitation was observed with proparacaine hydrochloride drops compared to isotonic saline(12.4% vs.31.8%;p<0.05).Conclusion:Proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops reduce the incidence of emergence agitation after general anaesthesia for paediatric strabismus surgery.

Clinical study of acupuncture combined with surface anesthesia using proparacaine in geriatric cataract phacoemulsification

BACKGROUND During anesthesia administration for cataract surgery,low pH of proparacaine may induce pain or complications such as corneal damage and poor wound healing,with the use of additional drops intraoperatively increasing the risk of complications.Accordingly,there is a clinical need for adjuncts to local anesthesia needs to improve the efficiency of anesthesia and reduce the required amount of intraoperative proparacaine.AIM To identify a method of anesthesia for geriatric cataract phacoemulsification that provides more efficient analgesia and improves clinical efficacy.METHODS A total of 130 geriatric patients with cataracts who attended Hebei Eye Hospital from December 2020 to December 2022 were included in the present study.Patients were divided into the proparacaine surface anesthesia(SA)group(65 cases)and the compound acupuncture-medicine anesthesia group(CAMA group,65 cases).Patients in the CAMA group were provided acupuncture analgesia in addition to SA.Preoperative anxiety[Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)score and state anxiety inventory(SAI)score],intraoperative stress,vital signs,analgesia,and cooperation,as well as postoperative adverse events,were compared between groups.RESULTS More marked reductions in anxiety were observed among patients in the CAMA group,with corresponding reductions in SAS and SAI scores.During the operation,no change in the secretion of E,NE,or Cor group compared to the preoperative period was observed in the CAMA,which was markedly lower than that in the SA group.Heart rate,blood pressure,and respiratory rate were more stable intraoperatively in the CAMA group.In addition,the incidence of intraoperative pain and the number of additional doses of anesthesia required in the CAMA group were markedly lower than in the SA group.Accordingly,patients in the CAMA group were able to avoid eye movements and eyelid closing leading to greater cooperation with surgeons during surgery.Furthermore,marked reductions in intraoperative adverse effects were observed in the CAMA group,indicating greater overall safety.CONCLUSION Proparacaine SA combined with acupuncture as an analgesic provides improved analgesia with greater safety compared to surface anesthesia with proparacaine during geriatric cataract phacoemulsification.

Efficacy of 2 Drops versus 3 Drops Proparacaine 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution for Phacoemulsification Surgery: A Comparative Study

Background and Aim: Phacoemulsification surgery with intraocular lens implantation is routinely done under topical anaesthesia in many centres. No comparative study on the efficacy of number of drops of topical anaesthetics effective for phacoemulsification surgery has been done. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of 2 drops versus 3 drops proparacaine 0.5% ophthalmic solution for phacoemulsification surgery. Methods: Patients with uncomplicated cataract undergoing phacoemulsification surgery were randomised into two groups. Group 1 (n = 53) received 3 drops of proparacaine 0.5% whereas group 2 (n = 47) received 2 drops of the same solution before the start of surgery. All the patients underwent phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation. Each patient’s subjective experience of pain was measured using a 10 point Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAS). Patient’s cooperation during the surgery was assessed using a 3 point score. Both the evaluating resident doctor and patients were blinded. Results: In group 1, 73.6% patients scored 0, 20.8% scored 1 and 5.7% scored 2 of VAS respectively and in group 2, 89.4%, 6.4%, 4.3% patients scored 0, 1 and 2 of VAS respectively. In patient cooperation, 90.1% and 9.4% patients in group 1 scored 1 and 2 respectively whereas 87.2% and 12.8% patients scored 1 and 2 respectively in group 2. No statistically significant difference in the mean VAS (P = 0.0.55) and patient cooperation score (P = 0.597) was found between the two groups. The mean VAS score was 1.24 ± 0.534 and the mean patient cooperation score was 1.11 ± 0.314. The mean total surgical time was 25.11 ± 2.68 minutes. No additional drops were required for either group. Conclusions: Topical anaesthesia with both 2 drops and 3 drops proparacaine 0.5% ophthalmic solution is effective for phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Additional anaesthesia may be unnecessary in these cases.