Identifying Proper Names Based on Association Analysis

The issue of proper names recognition in Chinese text was discussed. An automatic approach based on association analysis to extract rules from corpus was presented. The method tries to discover rules relevant to external evidence by association analysis, without additional manual effort. These rules can be used to recognize the proper nouns in Chinese texts. The experimental result shows that our method is practical in some applications. Moreover, the method is language independent.

Twin Paradox and Proper Time

Professors Mohazzbi and Luo [1] published “Despite several attempts have been made to explain the twin paradox … none of the explanations … resolved the paradox. If the paradox can be ever resolved, it requires a much deeper understanding … of the theory of relativity”. The deeper understanding of resolving the paradox is by applying more explicit definitions of proper time interval, Lorentz transform, time dilation, and aging time.

Proper orthogonal decomposition based seismic source wavefield reconstruction for finite element reverse time migration

The large storage requirement is a critical issue in cross-correlation imaging-condition based reverse time migration(RTM),because it requires the operation of the source and receiver wavefields at the same time.The boundary value method(BVM),based on the finite difference method(FDM),can be used to reconstruct the source wavefield in the reverse time propagation in the same way as the receiver wavefield,which can reduce the storage burden of the RTM data.Considering that the FDM cannot well handle models with discontinuous material properties and rough interfaces,we develop a source wavefield reconstruction strategy based on the finite element method(FEM),using proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)to enhance computational efficiency.In this method,we divide the whole time period into several segments,and construct the POD basis functions to get a reduced order model(ROM)for the source wavefield reconstruction in each segment.We show the corresponding quantitative analysis of the storage requirement of the POD-FEM.Numerical tests on the homogeneous model show the effectiveness of the proposed method,while the layered model and part of the Marmousi model tests indicate that the POD-FEM can keep an excellent balance between computational efficiency and memory usage compared with the full-stored method(FSM)and the BVM,and can be effectively applied in imaging.

《共产党宣言》汉译本的术语专名及其中国特色——以陈望道译本为基点的多版本历时考察

《共产党宣言》汉译本的术语专名值得重视。《共产党宣言》术语专名自身具有话语资源属性,以陈望道译本为基点进行多版本的历时考察,有助于深入细致考据马克思主义经典文本。《共产党宣言》术语专名的历时翻译是一种修辞式创新,具有一定的原创性和时代性。历时版本的术语专名具有一定的文本间性。《共产党宣言》术语专名的汉译过程也是形成和凸显中国特色的过程。认识到术语专名的修辞式汉译还有助于客观公允地评价《共产党宣言》的不同译本。《共产党宣言》汉译本的术语专名及其中国特色,本身在某种意义和某种程度上可为马克思主义与中华优秀传统文化相结合提供重要启示。

A FLEXIBLE OBJECTIVE-CONSTRAINT APPROACH AND A NEW ALGORITHM FOR CONSTRUCTING THE PARETO FRONT OF MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

In this article, a novel scalarization technique, called the improved objective-constraint approach, is introduced to find efficient solutions of a given multiobjective programming problem. The presented scalarized problem extends the objective-constraint problem. It is demonstrated that how adding variables to the scalarized problem, can lead to find conditions for (weakly, properly) Pareto optimal solutions. Applying the obtained necessary and sufficient conditions, two algorithms for generating the Pareto front approximation of bi-objective and three-objective programming problems are designed. These algorithms are easy to implement and can achieve an even approximation of (weakly, properly) Pareto optimal solutions. These algorithms can be generalized for optimization problems with more than three criterion functions, too. The effectiveness and capability of the algorithms are demonstrated in test problems.

外语中文译写规范工作的专业性与社会性特点

2012年1月,国务院同意建立外语中文译写规范部际联席会议制度,统筹协调外国人名、地名和事物名称等专有名词的翻译工作。文章以外语中文译写规范部际联席会议专家委员会推荐使用的外语词中文译名为例,阐述外语中文译写规范工作涉及多学科、多行业,跨越多个社会语言生活层级,在研究范围、研制方法、译名择定原则等方面,尽力兼顾专业性与社会性,发挥着消除话语障碍、保障广大人群的语言知情权的作用,是中文话语构建及传播过程中不可缺少的组成部分。

The Application of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Small Electrical Time Constant in Fiber Positioner

With the development of cutting-edge multi-object spectrographs,fiber positioners located in the focal plane are being scaled down in size,and miniature hollow-cup Permanent Magnet motors are now being considered as a suitable replacement for Faulhaber Precistep stepper motors.However,the small electrical time constant of such coreless motors poses a challenge,as the problem of severe commutation torque ripple in a fiber positioner running a position loop has been tricky.To overcome this challenge,it is advised to increase the Pulse Width Modulation(PWM)frequency as much as possible to mitigate the effects of the current fluctuation.This must be done while ensuring adequate resolution of the PWM generator.By employing a voltage open-loop field-oriented control based on a modulation frequency of 1 MHz,the drive current only costs 25 m A under a 3.3 V power supply.The sine degree of phase current is immaculate,and the repeat positioning accuracy can reach 2μm.Moreover,it is possible to further shrink the bill of devices and the layout area of the Printed Circuit Board,especially in sizesensitive applications.This device has been developed under the new generation of The Large Sky Area MultiObject Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope.

A-proper映射拓扑度的应用

利用A-proper映射拓扑度的基本性质,在投影完备的M enger PN-空间中研究了一些方程解的存在性。

Combining Medical Care with Elderly Care

With the continuous expansion of the demand in China for the integration of medical care and elderly care,more social capital will be directed into this field.A LTHOUGHT answers to the question“What is happiness?”may vary among young people,for most senior citizens the answer is by and large the same:to be looked after properly.

一种D-ProPer保护框架下的差分隐私数据发布方法

差分隐私保护框架是实现差分隐私的基础环境。文中研究了满足PDP保护的Pro Per框架并对其改进应用到分布式环境中,提出了D-Pro Per差分隐私保护框架。在此框架下,针对GS分组划分方法在划分存在离群点的数据集时会造成巨大误差的问题,提出了满足ε差分隐私的S-GS数据发布方法。该方法是在原有GS划分方法的基础上引进差值集这一概念用于对数据集中存在的离群点进行判定,并对其进行针对性的划分,并进行了两组S-GS方法与GS方法的对比实验。实验结果表明,在拥有大量离群点的数据集中S-GS方法比GS方法有更强的算法鲁棒性以及更好的数据可用性。

PROPER CONDITIONS OF MESHING FOR Hy-Vo SILENT CHAIN AND SPROCKET

Proper meshing of Hy-Vo silent chain and sprocket is important for realizing the transmission of the silent chain with more efficiency and less noise. Based on the study of the meshing theory of the Hy-Vo silent chain with the sprocket and the roll cutting machining principle of the sprocket with the hob, the proper conditions of the meshing for the Hy-Vo silent chain and the sprocket are put forward with the variable pitch characteristic of the Hy-Vo silent chain taken into consideration, and the proper meshing design method on the condition that the value of the link tooth pressure angle is unequal to the value of the sprocket tooth pressure angle is studied. Experiments show that this new design method is feasible. In addition, the design of the pitch, the sprocket tooth pressure angle and the fillet radius of the sprocket addendum circle are studied. It is crucial for guiding the design of the hob which cuts the Hy-Vo silent chain sprocket.

BENSON PROPER EFFICIENCY IN THE NEARLY CONE-SUBCONVEXLIKE VECTOR OPTIMIZATION WITH SET-VALUED FUNCTIONS

Some properties of convex cones are obtained and are used to derive several equivalent conditions as well as another important property for nearly cone-subconvexlike set-valued functions. Under the assumption of nearly cone-subconvexlikeness,a Lagrangian multiplier theorem on Benson proper efficiency is presented. Related results are generalized.

Inverse Method of Centrifugal Pump Impeller Based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) Method

To improve the accuracy and reduce the calcu- lation cost for the inverse problem of centrifugal pump impeller, the new inverse method based on proper orthog- onal decomposition （POD） is proposed. The pump blade shape is parameterized by quartic Bezier curve, and the initial snapshots is generated by introducing the perturbation of the blade shape control parameters. The internal flow field and its hydraulic performance is predicted by CFD method. The snapshots vector includes the blade shape parameter and the distribution of blade load. The POD basis for the snap- shots set are deduced by proper orthogonal decomposition. The sample vector set is expressed in terms of the linear combination of the orthogonal basis. The objective blade shape corresponding to the objective distribution of blade load is obtained by least square fit. The Iterative correction algorithm for the centrifugal pump blade inverse method based on POD is proposed. The objective blade load dis- tributions are corrected according to the difference of the CFD result and the POD result. The two dimensional and three dimensional blade calculation cases show that the proposed centrifugal pump blade inverse method based on POD have good convergence and high accuracy, and thecalculation cost is greatly reduced. After two iterations, the deviation of the blade load and the pump hydraulic perfor- mance are limited within 4.0% and 6.0% individually for most of the flow rate range. This paper provides a promising inverse method for centrifugal pump impeller, which will benefit the hydraulic optimization of centrifugal pump.

Coherency matrix-based proper orthogonal decomposition with application to wind field simulation

Proper Orthogonal Decomposition （POD） provides a powerful modal transformation tool for stochastic dynamics. In this paper, coherency matrix-based proper orthogonal decomposition （CPOD） is presented as an innovative form of the POD based on cross power spectral density matrices. By introducing a discretizing scheme, the CPOD-based spectral representation method is obtained for use in stochastic simulation. Moreover, some criteria are proposed that allow the truncation order of CPOD to be conveniently determined. A numerical example to illustrate the application of the proposed method for the simulation of a wind velocity field is provided.

A Numerical Study on Hydraulic Fracturing Problems via the Proper Generalized Decomposition Method

The hydraulic fracturing is a nonlinear,fluid-solid coupling and transient problem,in most cases it is always time-consuming to simulate this process numerically.In recent years,although many numerical methods were proposed to settle this problem,most of them still require a large amount of computer resources.Thus it is a high demand to develop more efficient numerical approaches to achieve the real-time monitoring of the fracture geometry during the hydraulic fracturing treatment.In this study,a reduced order modeling technique namely Proper Generalized Decomposition(PGD),is applied to accelerate the simulations of the transient,non-linear coupled system of hydraulic fracturing problem,to match this extremely tight response time constraint.The separability of the solution in space and time dimensions is studied for a simplified model problem.The solid and fluid equations are coupled explicitly by inverting the solid discrete problem,and a simple iterative procedure to handle the non-linear characteristic of the hydraulic fracturing problem is proposed in this work.Numeral validation illustrates that the results of PGD match well with these of standard finite element method in terms o f fracture opening and fluid pressure in the hydro-fracture.Moreover,after the off-line calculations,the numerical results can be obtained in real time.

Coherent structures over riblets in turbulent boundary layer studied by combining time-resolved particle image velocimetry(TRPIV),proper orthogonal decomposition(POD),and finite-time Lyapunov exponent(FTLE)

Time-resolved particle image velocimetry（TRPIV） experiments are performed to investigate the coherent structure＇s performance of riblets in a turbulent boundary layer（TBL） at a friction Reynolds number of 185. To visualize the energetic large-scale coherent structures（CSs） over a smooth surface and riblets, the proper orthogonal decomposition（POD） and finite-time Lyapunov exponent（FTLE） are used to identify the CSs in the TBL. Spatial-temporal correlation is implemented to obtain the characters and transport properties of typical CSs in the FTLE fields. The results demonstrate that the generic flow structures, such as hairpin-like vortices, are also observed in the boundary layer flow over the riblets, consistent with its smooth counterpart. Low-order POD modes are more sensitive to the riblets in comparison with the high-order ones,and the wall-normal movement of the most energy-containing structures are suppressed over riblets. The spatial correlation analysis of the FTLE fields indicates that the evolution process of the hairpin vortex over riblets are inhibited. An apparent decrease of the convection velocity over riblets is noted, which is believed to reduce the ejection/sweep motions associated with high shear stress from the viscous sublayer. These reductions exhibit inhibition of momentum transfer among the structures near the wall in the TBL flows.

Proper In deposition amount for on-demand epitaxy of InAs/GaAs single quantum dots

The test-QD in-situ annealing method could surmount the critical nucleation condition of InAs/GaAs single quantum dots（SQDs） to raise the growth repeatability.Here,through many growth tests on rotating substrates,we develop a proper In deposition amount（θ） for SQD growth,according to the measured critical θ for test QD nucleation（θ;）.The proper ratio θ/θ;,with a large tolerance of the variation of the real substrate temperature(T;),is 0.964-0.971 at the edge and> 0.989 but < 0.996 in the center of a 1/4-piece semi-insulating wafer,and around 0.9709 but < 0.9714 in the center of a 1/4-piece N;wafer as shown in the evolution of QD size and density as θ/θ;varies.Bright SQDs with spectral lines at 905 nm-935 nm nucleate at the edge and correlate with individual 7 nm-8 nm-height QDs in atomic force microscopy,among dense 1 nm-5 nm-height small QDs with a strong spectral profile around 860 nm-880 nm.The higher T;in the center forms diluter,taller and uniform QDs,and very dilute SQDs for a proper θ/θ;:only one 7-nm-height SQD in25 μm;.On a 2-inch（1 inch = 2.54 cm） semi-insulating wafer,by using θ/θ;= 0.961,SQDs nucleate in a circle in 22%of the whole area.More SQDs will form in the broad high-T;region in the center by using a proper θ/θ;.

ON THE GENERALIZED FRITZ JOHN OPTIMALITY CONDITIONS OF VECTOR OPTIMIZATION WITH SET-VALUED MAPS UNDER BENSON PROPER EFFICIENCY

A kind of tangent derivative and the concepts of strong and weak * pseudoconvexity for a set-valued map are introduced. By the standard separation theorems of the convex sets and cones the optimality Fritz John condition of set-valued optimization under Benson proper efficiency is established, its sufficience is discussed. The form of the optimality conditions obtained here completely tally with the classical results when the set-valued map is specialized to be a single-valued map.

PROPER SPLITTINGS FOR RESTRICTED LINEAR EQUATIONS AND THE GENERALIZED INVERSE A_(T,S)~2

This paper presents a proper splitting iterative method for comparing the general restricted linear euqations Ax=b, x ∈T （where, b ∈AT, and T is an arbitrary but fixed subspace of Cm） and the generalized in AT,S For the special case when b ∈AT and dim（T）=dim（AT）, this splitting iterative methverse AT,S hod converges to AT,Sb （the unique solution of the general restricted system Ax=bx ∈T）.