Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Injection Molded Short Glass Fibre (SGF)/Calcite/ABS Composites

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-Styrene (ABS), with and without calcium carbonate (calcite) particles,was used as the matrix for reinforcement with as-received short-glass fibres (were originallytreated by the manufacturer) and sized short-glass fibres with two amino-silane coupling agents.The calcite particle content is 0, 11.7 and 23.5 vol. pct for the matrices. The glass fiber contentis 0, 10 and 15 vol. pct. The matrix materials and corresponding composites were compoundedusing a twin screw extruder and dumbbell-shaped tensile bars were prepared with an injectionmolding process. The tensile and flexural properties as well as the unnotched and notchedCharpy impact energies of short glass fibre/calcite/ABS composites were studied in this paper.The effects of fibres, fibre surface treatments and particles on these mechanical properties ofthe composites were discussed in detail. An importarit information was obtained, which is thatthe tensile and flexural strengths of hybrid SGF/calcite/ABS composites are the same as thoseof corresponding fibre composites when the ratio of the interfacial adhesion strength betweenparticles and matrix to that between fibres and matrix is higher than certain value. otherwise theformer are lower than the latter.

The difference analysis of physical-mechanical properties of sediments in the central South Yellow Sea and Zhe-Min coastal area in China

The difference analysis of physical-mechanical properties of muddy sediments is made in the central South Yellow Sea and the Zhe-Min（Zhejiang Province to Fujian Province of China） coastal area. The results show that sediments in the two regions are both dominated by mud. There are perfect negative power function correlations between the water content and the density, the compression coefficient and the compression modulus; a good positive power function correlation between the liquid limit and the plastic limit, a perfect positive linear correlation between the water content and the void ratio, and a perfect polynomial function correlation between the miniature vane shear strength and the pocket penetration resistance. In general, compared with sediments in the Zhe-Min coastal area, sediments in the central South Yellow Sea possess high water content, high void ratio,low density, high plasticity, high compressibility, low shear strength. The causes of the differences between physical-mechanical properties of sediments are analyzed from the topographic features, material sources,hydrodynamic conditions, deposition rate, and material composition. Compared with the Zhe-Min coastal area,the central South Yellow Sea is far from the Mainland and low-lying; has poor hydrodynamic condition; the materials diffused to the area are less and dominated by fine clay, have the high content of smectite and organic matters. These factors lead to sediments of the central South Yellow Sea has the higher water content, the higher plasticity, the lower density, and the lower strength than sediments in the Zhe-Min coastal area.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Properties of a Copper Complex with the Bicycle[2.2.1]-2-heptene-5,6-dicarboxylic Acid

A new copper complex 2{Cu（C10H8N2）[C8H11O2（COO）]（H2O）3}·（H2O）5 with bicycle[2.2.1]hept-2-en-5,6-dicarboxylic acid（H2L） [C7H8（COOH）2], basic copper carbonate and 2,2＇-bipyridine has been synthesized in the mixed solvents of methanol and water. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1, with a = 7.4626（5）, b = 11.9779（8）, c = 12.9841（8）A, α = 109.7040（10）, β = 98.7550（10）, γ = 90.6240（10）°, V = 1077.50（12）A3, Dc = 1.538 g/cm^3, Z = 1, F（000） = 520, GOOF = 1.065, R = 0.0360 and wR = 0.0950. The copper ion is coordinated with four oxygen atoms from one H2 L molecule and three water molecules together with two nitrogen atoms from the 2,2＇-bipyridine molecule, forming a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The thermal stability and electrochemical properties were also studied.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Electrochemical Properties of a One-dimensional Chain Coordination Polymer [Cu(phen)(2,4,6-TMBA)_2(H_2O)]_n

A one-dimensional chain coordination polymer [Cu（phen）（2,4,6-TMBA）2（H2O）]n has been synthesized by reacting 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic acid, 1,10-phenanthroline and Cu（Ⅱ） perchlorate and its structure was characterized. Crystal data for this complex： tetragonal, space group I41, a = 2.0293（3）, b = 2.0293（3）, c = 1.3758（2） nm, α =β= γ = 90°, V= 5.6657（13） nm3, Dc= 1.379 g/cm3, Z = 8, μ（MoKa） = 0.815 mm-1, Mr = 588.14, F（000） = 2456, S = 1.047, R = 0.0459 and wR = 0.1053. The crystal structure shows that two neighboring Cu（Ⅱ） ions are linked together by one bridging-chelating 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic group, forming a one-dimensional chain structure. Each Cu（Ⅱ） ion is coordinated with two nitrogen atoms from one 1,10-phenanthroline molecule, three oxygen atoms from three 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic acid molecules and one oxygen atom from one water molecule, giving a six-coordinate distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The cyclic voltammetry behavior of the complex was also investigated.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Electrochemical Properties of a One-dimensional Chain Coordination Polymer [Mn(NAA)_2(4,4’-bipy)(H_2O)_4]_n

A novel one-dimensional chain coordination polymer [Mn（NAAh（4,4′-bipy）（H2O）4], has been synthesized with a-naphthaleneacetic acid, 4,4′-bipy and manganese（Ⅱ） sulfate as raw materials. Crystal data for this complex： monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 1.1421（2）, b = 1.6337（3）, c = 0.94177（19） nm, β = 112.15（3）°, V = 1.6275（6） nm^3, De = 1.407 g/cm^3, Z = 2, μ（MoKa） = 0.467 mm^-1, F（000） = 722, S = 1.007, R= 0.0412 and wR = 0.1022. The crystal structure shows that two neighboring manganese（Ⅱ） ions are linked together by one 4,4′-bipy molecule, and the whole complex molecule forms a one-dimensional chain structure. Each manganese（Ⅱ） ion is coordinated with two oxygen atoms of two a-naphthaleneacetic acid molecules, two nitrogen atoms of two 4,4′-bipy molecules and two oxygen atoms from two water molecules, giving a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The electrochemical properties were also analyzed.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Electrochemical Properties of a Cadmium(Ⅱ) Complex with α-Furoic Acid and 1,10-Phenanthroline

A new cadmium complex [Cd（phen）3]·（ClO4）2·（α-FRA）-（H2O）3 was prepared by self-assembly of α-furoic acid, 1,10-phenanthroline （phen）, and cadmium perchlorate. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n, with a = 1.28130（15）, b = 2.5957（3）, c = 1.35449（16） nm, β = 109.395（2）°, V = 4.2492（9） nm^3, Dc = 1.491 g/cm^3, Z = 4, F（000） = 1926, GOOF = 1.023, the final R = 0.0729 and wR = 0.2086. The crystal structure analysis indicates that the cadmium ion is coordinated with six nitrogen atoms from six 1,10-phenanthroline molecules, giving a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The cyclic voltametric behavior of the complex was also investigated.

Hydrothermal Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Complex [Cd(phen)_3]·(ClO_4)_2·(p-MBA)_2·(H_2O)_2

One new cadmium complex [Cd（phen）3]·（ClO4）2·（p-MBA）2·（H2O）2 has been hydrothermally synthesized by reacting p-methylbenzoic acid （p-MBA）, 1,10-phenanthroline （phen） and cadmium perchlorate. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1, with a = 1.2809（3）, b = 1.3431（3）, c = 1.3734（3） nm, α = 84.259（4）, β = 71.603（3）, γ = 74.424（3）°, V= 2.1594（8） nm3, Do = 1.532 g/cm3, Z = 2, F（000） = 1008, μ= 0.697 mm^-1, R = 0.0646 and wR = 0.1648. The crystal structure shows that the cadmium ion is coordinated with six nitrogen atoms from three 1,10-phenanthroline molecules, forming a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The result of electrochemical property analysis shows that the electron transfer in the electrode reaction is irreversible.

Property analysis of bistatic forward-looking SAR with arbitrary geometry

Bistatic forward-looking synthetic aperture radar（SAR） has many advantages and applications owing to its twodimensional imaging capability.There could be various imaging configurations because of the geometric flexibility of bistatic platforms,resulting in kinds of models built independently among which there could be some similar even the same motion features.Comprehensive research on such systems in a more comprehensive and general point of view is required to address their difference and consistency.Property analysis of bistatic forwardlooking SAR with arbitrary geometry is achieved including stripmap and spotlight modes on airborne platform,missile-borne platform,and hybrid platform of both.Emphasis is placed on azimuth space variance of some key parameters significantly affecting the subsequent imaging processing,based on which the frequency spectra are further described and compared considering respective features of different platforms for frequency imaging algorithm developing.Simulation results confirm the effectiveness and correctness of our analysis.

Determination and stability analysis of ultimate open-pit slope under geomechanical uncertainty

In open-pit mines,pit slope as one of the important parameters affects the mine economy and total minable reserve,and it is also affected by different uncertainties which arising from many sources.One of the most critical sources of uncertainty effects on the pit slope design is rock mass geomechanical properties.By comparing the probability of failure resulted from deterministic procedure and probabilistic one,this paper investigated the effects of aforesaid uncertainties on open-pit slope stability in metal mines.In this way,to reduce the effect of variance,it implemented Latin Hypercube Sampling(LHS)technique.Furthermore,a hypothesis test was exerted to compare the effects on two cases in Middle East.Subsequently,the investigation approved high influence of geomechanical uncertainties on overall pit steepness and stability in both iron and copper mines,though on the first case the effects were just over.

Mode-based equivalent multi-degree-of-freedom system for one-dimensional viscoelastic response analysis of layered soil deposit

Discrete models such as the lumped parameter model and the finite element model are widely used in the solution of soil amplification of earthquakes. However, neither of the models will accurately estimate the natural frequencies of soil deposit, nor simulate a damping of frequency independence. This research develops a new discrete model for onedimensional viscoelastic response analysis of layered soil deposit based on the mode equivalence method. The new discrete model is a one-dimensional equivalent multi-degree-of-freedom（MDOF） system characterized by a series of concentrated masses, springs and dashpots with a special configuration. The dynamic response of the equivalent MDOF system is analytically derived and the physical parameters are formulated in terms of modal properties. The equivalent MDOF system is verified through a comparison of amplification functions with the available theoretical solutions. The appropriate number of degrees of freedom（DOFs） in the equivalent MDOF system is estimated. A comparative study of the equivalent MDOF system with the existing discrete models is performed. It is shown that the proposed equivalent MDOF system can exactly present the natural frequencies and the hysteretic damping of soil deposits and provide more accurate results with fewer DOFs.

Influence of the gassing materials on the dielectric properties of air

Influence of the gassing materials, such as PA6, PMMA, and POM on the dielectric properties of air are investigated. In this work, the fundamental electron collision cross section data were carefully selected and validated. Then the species compositions of the air–organic vapor mixtures were calculated based on the Gibbs free energy minimization. Finally, the Townsend ionization coefficient, the Townsend electron attachment coefficient and the critical reduced electric field strength were derived from the calculated electron energy distribution function by solving the Boltzmann transport equation. The calculation results indicated that H;O with large attachment cross sections has a great impact on the critical reduced electric field strength of the air–organic vapor mixtures. On the other hand, the vaporization of gassing materials can help to increase the dielectric properties of air circuit breakers to some degree.

Basic Properties of Concrete Incorporating Recycled Ceramic Aggregate and Ultra-fine Sand

Recycled ceramic mixed sand（RCMS） was obtained by partially replacing ultra-fine sand with recycled ceramic coarse sand（RCCS）. The effects of RCCS replacement rate on the apparent density, workability, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of recycled ceramic concrete（RCC） were investigated. In addition, the relationship between the water-cement ratio and compressive strength of RCC was also studied. The experimental results indicate that the reusing of recycled ceramic aggregate can improve the cohesiveness and water retentiveness of fresh concrete and benefit the mechanical properties development. When the RCCS replacement rate is not less than 40%, the mechanical properties of RCC are superior to those of the reference concrete. Moreover, when recycled ceramic medium sand was completely used as fine aggregate, the maximum increase in both compressive strength and splitting tensile strength were obtained, comparing with those of reference concrete, the increment ratio was 19.85% and 32.73%, respectively. The microscopic analysis shows that the using of recycled ceramic aggregate can meliorate distinctly the structure of the interfacial transition zone（ITZ） and increase the compaction degree of cement paste. Furthermore, an expression of the compressive strength of RCC and the cement-water ratio is regressed and gains a good linear relativity. It is an effective way to recycle waste ceramic, and the consumption of recycled ceramic aggregate could reach from 26.9% to 47.6% of the total weight of aggregate in producing concrete.

Analysis of physical properties of gas hydrate-bearing unconsolidated sediment samples from the ultra-deepwater area in the South China Sea

Marine natural gas hydrate has recently attracted global attention as a potential new clean energy source. Laboratory measurements of various physical properties of gas hydrate-bearing marine sediments can provide valuable information for developing efficient and safe extraction technology of natural gas hydrates. This study presents comprehensive measurement results and analysis of drilled hydrate-bearing sediments samples recovered from Qiongdongnan Basin in the South China Sea. The results show that the gas hydrate in the core samples is mainly methane hydrate with a methane content of approximately 95%, and the other components are ethane and carbon dioxide. The saturation of the samples fluctuates from 2%–60%, the porosity is approximately 38%–43%, and the water content is approximately 30%–50%, which indicate that high water saturation means that timely drainage should be paid attention to during hydrate extraction. In addition, the median diameter of the sediment samples is mainly distributed in the range of 15 to 34 µm, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of sand production in the mining process. Moreover, the thermal conductivity is distributed in the range of 0.75 to 0.96 W/(m·K) as measured by the flat plate heat source method. The relatively low thermal conductivity of hydrates at this study site indicates that a combined approach is encouraged for natural gas production technologies. It is also found that clay flakes and fine particles are attached to the surface of large particles in large numbers. Such characteristics will lead to insufficient permeability during the production process.

Analysis of intellectual properties on animalderived regenerative, implantable medical devices

This article analyses and summarizes issues of intellectual property involved in animal-derived regenerative,implantable medical devices(ADRIMD)in order to better understand global trends in patent applications and disclosures,the legal status of patent families(i.e.sets of patents filed in various countries to protect a single invention),and International Patent Classification topics such as main assignee and core expertise.Analysis of research trends will enhance and inform the decision-making capacity of researchers,investors,government regulators and other stake-holders as they undertake to develop,deploy,invest in or regulate ADRIMD.

Study on process and mechanism of superplastic diffusion bonding of dissimilar steels

The probability, main effect factors and diffusion theory of structural superplastic diffusion bonding of W6Mo5Cr4V2/45 steel have been observed and analyzed by means of tensile test at the room temperature, scanning electron microscope and microhardness test. Results show that after fine graining treatment and short time superplastic pressing formation under the conditions of superplastic temperature and strain rate, W6Mo5Cr4V2/45 specimens can achieve solid state diffusion bonding and the property of welded area is the same as the other parts in the specimen. The diffusion path of carbon element is intergranular and of dislocation.

Do Search and Selection Operators Play Important Roles in Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms:A Case Study

Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA) is becoming a hot research area and quite a few aspects of MOEAs have been studied and discussed. However there are still few literatures discussing the roles of search and selection operators in MOEAs. This paper studied their roles by solving a case of discrete Multi-objective Optimization Problem (MOP): Multi-objective TSP with a new MOEA. In the new MOEA, We adopt an efficient search operator, which has the properties of both crossover and mutation, to generate the new individuals and chose two selection operators: Family Competition and Population Competition with probabilities to realize selection. The simulation experiments showed that this new MOEA could get good uniform solutions representing the Pareto Front and outperformed SPEA in almost every simulation run on this problem. Furthermore, we analyzed its convergence property using finite Markov chain and proved that it could converge to Pareto Front with probability 1. We also find that the convergence property of MOEAs has much relationship with search and selection operators.

Density Functional Studies on Isonicotinato Lead(II) Complex [Pb(C_5H_4NCOO)_2]

The title compound of isonicotinato lead（Ⅱ） [Pb（C5H4NCOO）2] has been optimized at B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory and calculated results show that the lead（Ⅱ） ion adopts 4-coordinate geometry. Atomic charge distributions indicate that during forming the title compound, each isonicotinic acid ion transfers -0.452 e to lead（Ⅱ） ion. The electronic spectra calculations show that there exist two absorption bands and the electronic transitions are mainly derived from the contribution of intraligand π→π^＊ transition and ligand-to-metal charge transfer （LMCT） transition. The thermodynamic properties of the title compound at different temperatures have been calculated and corresponding relations between property and temperature have also been obtained. The calculation of the second order optical nonlinearity was carried out, and the molecular hyperpolarizability was 3.62365^＊10^-30 esu.

Extraction of flocculants from a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis and analysis of their properties

In a preliminary screening study,our laboratory isolated from the biofloc in aquaculture waters a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis,which produced highly efficient bio-flocculants.In the present study,we extracted the crude flocculants from this strain and analyzed their properties.Distribution analysis indicated that the flocculants were mainly distributed in the supernatant of the fermentation liquid.The flocculants were extracted using an ethanol extraction method,and the chemical compositions and morphology of the crude flocculants were analyzed using the Molish reaction,Fehling reaction,ninhydrin reaction,biuret reaction,phenol-sulfuric acid assay,Coomassie brilliant blue staining,ultraviolet scanning,infrared scanning and scanning electron microscopy.The carbohydrate composition of the polysaccharides in the flocculants was analyzed with thin layer chromatography.The results indicated that flocculants were solid substances with an ivory white color and their texture was loose and soft.Visualization under scanning electron microscopy revealed that their ultra-morphology consisted of small,long and fiber-like shapes.Chemical and physical analyses indicated that polysaccharides accounted for 34.5%of the components in the crude flocculants.The monosaccharides present in crude flocculants included mainly glucose,galactose and mannitose.

Influence of TiO_2 on the electrochemical performance of pasted typeβ-nickel hydroxide electrode in alkaline electrolyte

Nickel hydroxide was used as the positive electrode material in rechargeable alkaline batteries, which plays a significant role in the field of electric energy storage devices. β-nickel hydroxide（β-Ni（OH）2 ） was prepared from nickel sulphate solution using potassium hydroxide as a precipitating agent. Pure β-phase of nickel hydroxide was confirmed from XRD and FT-IR studies. The effects of TiO2 additive on the β-Ni（OH）2 electrode performance are examined. The structure and property of the TiO2 added β-Ni（OH）2 were characterized by XRD, TG-DTA and SEM analysis. A pasted–type electrode is prepared using nickel hydroxide powder as the main active material on a nickel sheet as a current collector. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies were performed to evaluate the electrochemical performance of the β-Ni（OH）2 and TiO2 added β-Ni（OH）2 electrodes in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Anodic（Epa） and cathodic（Epc）peak potentials are found to decrease after the addition of TiO 2 into β-Ni（OH）2 electrode material. Further,addition of TiO2 is found to enhance the reversibility of the electrode reaction and also increase the separation of the oxidation current peak of the active material from the oxygen evolution current. Compared with pure β-Ni（OH）2 lectrode,TiO2 added β-Ni（OH）2 electrode is found to exhibit higher proton diffusion coefficient（D） and lower charge transfer resistance. These findings suggest that the TiO2 added β-Ni（OH）2 electrode possess improved electrochemical properties and thus can be recognized as a promising candidate for the battery electrode applications.

Preparation and characterization of γ-La_2S_3 nanoparticles from thermal decomposition

To synthesize pure γ-La2S3 at lower temperature,lanthanide complex La（Et2S2CN）3·phen,containing La？S bond,was chosen as the precursors to decompose.The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray power diffraction （XRD）,field-emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM） with an energy dispersive spectrometer and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra.The decomposition mechanism of the lanthanide complex was studied by thermogravimetric analyses （TGA）.The results show that the obtained samples are cubic phase particles with sizes among 20-50 nm and the band gap is 2.97 eV,which is bigger than that of its bulk crystal.TG/DTG results indicate that La（Et2S2CN）3·phen decomposed to γ-La2S3 via La4（Et2S2CN）3 as an intermediate product.