Fuzzy Self-adaptive Proportional Integration Differential Control for Attitude Stabilization of Quadrotor UAV

The technology of attitude control for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) is one of the most important UAVs' research areas.In order to achieve a satisfactory operation in quadrotor UAVs having proportional integration differential(PID) controllers,it is necessary to appropriately adjust the controller coefficients which are dependent on dynamic parameters of the quadrotor UAV and any changes in parameters and conditions could affect desired performance of the controller.In this paper,combining with PID control and fuzzy logic control,a kind of fuzzy self-adaptive PID control algorithm for attitude stabilization of the quadrotor UAV was put forward.Firstly,the nonlinear model of six degrees of freedom(6-DOF) for quadrotor UAV is established.Secondly,for obtaining the attitude of quadrotor,attitude data fusion using complementary filtering is applied to improving the measurement accuracy and dynamic performance.Finally,the attitude stabilization control simulation model of the quadrotor UAV is build,and the self-adaptive fuzzy parameter tuning rules for PID attitude controller are given,so as to realize the online self-tuning of the controller parameters.Simulation results show that comparing with the conventional PID controller,this attitude control algorithm of fuzzy self-adaptive PID has a better dynamic response performance.

Adaptive proportional integral differential control based on radial basis function neural network identification of a two-degree-of-freedom closed-chain robot

A closed-chain robot has several advantages over an open-chain robot, such as high mechanical rigidity, high payload, high precision. Accurate trajectory control of a robot is essential in practical-use. This paper presents an adaptive proportional integral differential （PID） control algorithm based on radial basis function （RBF） neural network for trajectory tracking of a two-degree-of-freedom （2-DOF） closed-chain robot. In this scheme, an RBF neural network is used to approximate the unknown nonlinear dynamics of the robot, at the same time, the PID parameters can be adjusted online and the high precision can be obtained. Simulation results show that the control algorithm accurately tracks a 2-DOF closed-chain robot trajectories. The results also indicate that the system robustness and tracking performance are superior to the classic PID method.

Proportion Integration Differentiation(PID)Control Strategy of Belt Sander Based on Fuzzy Algorithm

Aiming at solving the problems of response lag and lack of precision and stability in constant grinding force control of industrial robot belts,a constant force control strategy combining fuzzy control and proportion integration differentiation(PID)was proposed by analyzing the signal transmission process and the dynamic characteristics of the grinding mechanism.The simulation results showed that compared with the classical PID control strategy,the system adjustment time was shortened by 98.7%,the overshoot was reduced by 5.1%,and the control error was 0.2%-0.5%when the system was stabilized.The optimized fuzzy control system had fast adjustment speeds,precise force control and stability.The experimental analysis of the surface morphology of the machined blade was carried out by the industrial robot abrasive grinding mechanism,and the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the control strategy were verified.

The Bezier Control Points Method for Solving Delay Differential Equation

In this paper, Bezier surface form is used to find the approximate solution of delay differential equations (DDE’s). By using a recurrence relation and the traditional least square minimization method, the best control points of residual function can be found where those control points determine the approximate solution of DDE. Some examples are given to show efficiency of the proposed method.

Decentralized PD Control for Non-uniform Motion of a Hamiltonian Hybrid System

In this paper, a decentralized proportional-derivative （PD） controller design for non-uniform motion of a Hamiltonian hybrid system is considered. A Hamiltonian hybrid system with the capability of producing a non-uniform motion is developed. The structural properties of the system are investigated by means of the theory of Hamiltonian systems. A relationship between the parameters of the system and the parameters of the proposed decentralized PD controller is shown to ensure local stability and tracking performance. Simulation results are included to show the obtained non-uniform motion.

Stability Improvement of Power System by Using PI ＆ PD Controller

This paper presents the model of a SVC （Static VAR Compensator） which is controlled externally by a PI （Proportional Integral） ＆ PD （Proportional Differential） controllers for the improvements of voltage stability and damping effect of an on line power system. Both controller parameters has been optimized by using Ziegler-Nichols close loop tuning method. Both single phase and three phase （L-L） faults have been considered in the research. In this paper, a power system network is considered which is simulated in the phasor simulation method ＆ the network is simulated in four steps; without SVC, With SVC but no externally controlled, SVC with PI controller ＆ SVC with PD controller. Simulation result shows that without SVC, the system parameters become unstable during faults. When SVC is imposed in the network, then system parameters become stable. Again, when SVC is controlled externally by PI ＆ PD controllers, then system parameters becomes stable in faster way then without controller. It has been observed that the SVC ratings are only 50 MVA with controllers and 200 MVA without controllers. So, SVC with PI ＆ PD controllers are more effective to enhance the voltage stability and increases power transmission capacity of a power system. The power system oscillations are also reduced with controllers in compared to that of without controllers. So with both controllers the system performance is greatly enhanced.

A differential control method for the proportional directional valve

For the proportional directional valve controlled by two proportional solenoids, the normal control method(NCM) energizes only one solenoid at a time. The performance of the valve is greatly influenced by the nonlinearity of the proportional solenoid, such as dead zone and low force gain with a small current, and this effect cannot be eliminated by a simple dead-zone current compensation. To avoid this disadvantage, we propose the differential control method(DCM). By employing DCM, the controller outputs differential signals to simultaneously energize both solenoids of the proportional valve, and the operating point is found by analyzing the force output of the two solenoids to make a minimum variation of the current force gain. The comparisons of the valve response characteristics are made between NCM and DCM by nonlinear dynamic simulation and experiments. Simulation and experimental results show that by using DCM, the frequency response of the valve is greatly enhanced, especially when the input is small, which means that the dynamic characteristics of the proportional valve are improved.

一种改进的模糊PD控制器

充分利用非线性跟踪微分器获得高质量微分信号的特性,将跟踪微分器与传统的简单模糊PD控制器相结合,提出一种简单的高性能的改进的模糊PD控制器.该改进模糊控制器的最显著特点是对测量噪声的强鲁棒性和工程易实现性.数值仿真证明了其有效性和高效性.

小卫星空间圆形编队飞行队形设计与比例-微分(PD)控制

以两体相对运动动力学为基础 ,对Hill方程表示的相对运动特性进行了分析。同时给出了小卫星空间圆形编队队形设计。并且以此队形为例 ,引入了比例 -微分 (PD)控制策略对小卫星编队飞行的队形控制进行了研究 ,利用最优算法确定了控制器比例微分系数。

鲁棒高阶PD型迭代学习控制器设计

针对具有不确定项或干扰项的重复非线性时变系统 ,提出了一种鲁棒高阶PD型迭代学习控制器 ,给出了该控制器的收敛性条件 ,证明跟踪误差界是本次迭代学习与前次迭代学习初始值之差的界和系统输出干扰项界的线性函数 .仿真与实验均表明了该方法的有效性 .

基于模糊自适应PID算法的PDC刀具高频感应钎焊温度控制

为满足PDC刀具高频感应钎焊过程中对温度的控制要求,本文设计了一种模糊自适应PID控制系统。用1B51适配AC1226构成K型热电偶温度检测与信号处理电路,给出了模糊自适应PID控制器的工作原理、设计方法及基于DSP的软件流程。实验证明系统具有较好的动态和静态性能,能满足实际需要。

自主水下航行器机械臂系统非线性PD控制器设计

针对自主水下航行器机械臂系统(AUVMS)的非线性、高耦合性和工作环境的复杂性,文中设计了基于线性扩张观测器(LESO)的控制方案。以带双连杆机械臂的自主水下航行器(AUV)为例,将系统分为5个子系统,将外部扰动(洋流、浪涌和涡流等干扰)与内部不确定性(建模不精确、耦合影响和测量误差等)视作总扰动,并设计LESO和线性反馈控制律进行估计与补偿。对LESO的收敛性与估计误差动力学进行了分析。考虑到AUV动力装置所产生的动力和力矩是有限的,在实际控制中需要对控制输入量针对动力装置的物理特性来设置上限,并且少有文献对带机械臂系统的AUV饱和控制进行研究,文中设计了具有输入饱和限制的非线性比例-微分(PD)控制器,并对控制器的稳定性进行了分析。利用LESO的总扰动思想来处理AUV机械臂系统的非线性、高耦合性和复杂扰动的控制难点,并以输入饱和控制器确保了控制方案的工业适用性。最后通过与传统PID与滑模控制器的对比分析及仿真验证了所提方案的有效性。

A new approach to detecting weak signal in strong noise based on chaos system control

In this paper, a chaos system and proportional differential control are both used to detect the frequency of an unknown signal. In traditional methods the useful signal is obtained through the Duffing equation or other chaotic oscillators. But these methods are too complex because of using a lot of chaos oscillators. In this paper a new method is presented that uses the Rossler equation and proportional differential control to detect a weak signal frequency. Substituting the detected signal frequency into the RSssler equation leads the Rossler phase state to be considerably changed. The chaos state can be controlled through the proportional differential method. Through its phase diagram and spectrum analysis, the unknown frequency is obtained. The simulation results verify that the presented method is feasible and that the detection accuracy is higher than those of other methods.

Active Disturbance Rejection Control for a Multiple-Flexible-Link Manipulator

The control problem of multiple-flexible-link manipulators( MFLMs) is studied in this paper.The dynamic model of MFLM is derived and separated into two-time scale by utilizing the singular perturbation technique. The active disturbance rejection control( ADRC) is adopted to the slow subsystem to track a desired trajectory. The proposed ADRC structure preshapes the desired trajectory by utilizing the tracking differentiator,estimates the disturbance and internal states with an extended state observer,and guarantees a robust performance by combining a feedback controller with a feedforward term. Two types of feedback controllers are designed,proportional derivative( PD) controller and nonlinear PD( NPD) controller. For the fast subsystem,a fast stabilizing control is designed according to the standard linear quadratic regulator approach. Simulations are performed to evaluate the proposed control scheme.Results show that,compared with the traditional PD controller,the ADRC structure based control scheme has smaller overshot and shorter settling time,suppresses vibration quickly,and is robust to the maneuver speed. In general,the control scheme utilizing ADRC structure and NPD feedback controller shows better performance.

基于(w，z)参数轴对称3D刚体摆姿态PD控制

基于(w,z)参数化轴对称Three Dimensions(3D)摆的姿态控制问题研究,提出(w,z)参数描述姿态描述方法。该方法通过2次绕正交轴旋转,引入复变量,将球面上的点向复平面投影。提出Proportion Differentiation(pd)控制对轴对称3D摆的姿态控制方法。首先列出轴对称3D摆的动力学方程,以(w,z)参数表示轴对称3D摆的姿态运动学方程及推导过程。利用(w,z)参数设计出PD控制器,使得轴对称3D刚体摆在其倒立位置渐近稳定。仿真实验验证了控制器对轴称3D摆姿态控制的有效。

Research on the Low-order Control Strategy of the Power System With Time Delay

In this paper, the design problem of the low-order controller is considered for the power system with a fixed time delay. A linear model of the power system with time delay is firstly established. Then the proportional-integral-differential(PID) controller, which is the typical low-order controller, is designed to improve the stability of the power system. The stabilizing region of the PID controller is obtained. The control parameters chosen arbitrarily in the resultant region can ensure the stability of the power system. Finally, based on the stabilizing result, the PID controller satisfying the H∞performance index is designed, which improves the robustness of the whole power system. The main advantage of the proposed method lies in that there is no need to approximate the model of the power system.The method can be further extended to the power system which is more complex.

Stable Transition of Quadruped Rhythmic Motion Using the Tracking Differentiator

Since the quadruped robot possesses predominant environmental adaptability,it is expected to be employed in nature environments. In some situations,such as ice surface and tight space,the quadruped robot is required to lower the height of center of gravity( COG) to enhance the stability and maneuverability. To properly handle these situations,a quadruped controller based on the central pattern generator( CPG) model,the discrete tracking differentiator( TD) and proportional-derivative( PD) sub-controllers is presented. The CPG is used to generate basic rhythmic motion for the quadruped robot. The discrete TD is not only creatively employed to implement the transition between two different rhythmic medium values of the CPG which results in the adjustment of the height of COG of the quadruped robot,but also modified to control the transition duration which enables the quadruped robot to achieve the stable transition. Additionally,two specific PD sub-controllers are constructed to adjust the oscillation amplitude of the CPG,so as to avoid the severe deviation in the transverse direction during transition locomotion. Finally,the controller is validated on a quadruped model. A tunnel with variable height is built for the quadruped model to travel through. The simulation demonstrates the severe deviation without the PD sub-controllers,and the reduced deviation with the PD sub-controllers.

四旋翼无人机悬停飞行自适应PD控制器设计

提出一种基于模型参考的自适应PD控制器设计方法,用于质量可变的四旋翼无人机的悬停飞行控制。由无人机的动力学方程对悬停飞行时姿态角近似处理得出参考模型,根据参考模型选取一个与实际系统相似并且有期望动态特性的二阶系统。基于Lyapunov稳定性理论的方法,通过被控对象的输出与参考模型输出之间的误差确定控制器的参数,当被控对象参数发生变化时,自适应机构通过参数估计调整PD控制器的输出,使被控对象参数的估计值总能跟踪其实际值,并分别与常规的PD控制器和加入了限速补偿环节的PD控制器进行仿真实验对比。结果表明,该控制器的控制信号比常规的PD控制器超调量小;比加入了限速补偿环节的PD控制器调节速度快,稳定性更好。对于四旋翼无人机的悬停有更好的控制效果。

Structure Analysis and Control Optimization on High Speed Lift Platform

Dynamic analysis of scissor hydraulic lift platform has been performed to invest/gate the key factors which determine size and shape of the platfolan. By using MATLAB, the position of hydraulic cylinder has been optimized to reduce jacking force of piston and the whole system. Thus structure deformation decreases which is beneficial to control accuracy. Additionally, a new proportion integration differentiation （PID） control mode based on BP neural network has been developed to improve the stability and accuracy for the pasitio^L control in this system. Compared with existing PID tuning meth~~ls and fuzzy self-adjusted PID controllers, the proposed back propagation （BP） based PID controller can achieve better performance for a wide range of complex processes and realize self-tuning of parameters. It was confirmed that the performance of the lift platform regarding the force variation and position accuracy was greatly enhanced by optimizing of the system both in structure and control. Considerable economic benefit can also be achieved thrangh the application of this intelligent PID system.

APPLICATION OF NONLINEAR PID CONTROLLER IN AERODYNAMICS LOADING SYSTEM

The design idea of tracking-differentiator and the nonlinear PID controllerare introduced, the applicable algorithm and its real result for distributed aerodynamicsloading control system are discussed, and the construction of the test & contro1 system arealso presented. The application shows that the nonlinear PID algorithm has the advan-tages of high reliability, short run time and strong stability.