Design of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller for an Automatic Generation Control of Multi-area Power Thermal Systems Using Firefly Algorithm

Essentially, it is significant to supply the consumer with reliable and sufficient power. Since, power quality is measured by the consistency in frequency and power flow between control areas. Thus, in a power system operation and control,automatic generation control(AGC) plays a crucial role. In this paper, multi-area(Five areas: area 1, area 2, area 3, area 4 and area 5) reheat thermal power systems are considered with proportional-integral-derivative(PID) controller as a supplementary controller. Each area in the investigated power system is equipped with appropriate governor unit, turbine with reheater unit, generator and speed regulator unit. The PID controller parameters are optimized by considering nature bio-inspired firefly algorithm(FFA). The experimental results demonstrated the comparison of the proposed system performance(FFA-PID)with optimized PID controller based genetic algorithm(GAPID) and particle swarm optimization(PSO) technique(PSOPID) for the same investigated power system. The results proved the efficiency of employing the integral time absolute error(ITAE) cost function with one percent step load perturbation(1 % SLP) in area 1. The proposed system based FFA achieved the least settling time compared to using the GA or the PSO algorithms, while, it attained good results with respect to the peak overshoot/undershoot. In addition, the FFA performance is improved with the increased number of iterations which outperformed the other optimization algorithms based controller.

PID-type fault-tolerant prescribed performance control of fixed-wing UAV

This paper introduces a fault-tolerant control(FTC)design for a faulty fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV).To constrain tracking errors against actuator faults,error constraint inequalities are first transformed to a new set of variables based on prescribed performance functions.Then,the commonly used and powerful proportional-integral-derivative(PID)control concept is employed to filter the transformed error variables.To handle the fault-induced nonlinear terms,a composite learning algorithm consisting of neural network and disturbance observer is incorporated for increasing flight safety.It is shown by Lyapunov stability analysis that the tracking errors are strictly constrained within the specified error bounds.Experimental results are presented to verify the feasibility of the developed FTC scheme.

New Asymmetric Fuzzy PID Control for Pneumatic Position Control System

A fuzzy control algorithm of asymmetric fuzzy strategy is introduced for a servo-pneumatic position system. It can effectively solve the difficult problems of single rod low friction cylinders, which are mainly caused by asymmetric structures and different friction characteristics in two directions. On the basis of this algorithm, a traditional PID control is used to improve dynamic performance. Furthermore, a new asymmetric fuzzy PID control with α factor is advanced to improve the self-adaptability and robustness of the system. Both the theoretical analyses and experimental results prove that, with this control strategy, the dynamic performance of the system can be greatly improved. The system using this control algorithm has strong robustness and it obtains desired overshoot and repeatability in both transient and steady-state responses.

Application study of digital PID controller in cockpit temperature auto-regulating system

Aiming at the inherent blemish existi ng currently in airplane cockpit temperature regulating system,a digital temperatu re auto-regulating design scheme of the system is put forward,namely,a digita l proportional-integral-derivative(PID) controller used for temperature contr ol is designed.And then it is applied in airpl ane cockpit temperature regulating system by adopting the way of cascade control.Experiment results indicate that the design scheme is reasonable and practical.

Proportional integral derivative controller design using Legendre orthogonal functions

The Legendre orthogonal functions are employed to design the family of PID controllers for a variety of plants. In the proposed method, the PID controller and the plant model are represented with their corresponding Legendre series. Matching the first three terms of the Legendre series of the loop gain with the desired one gives the PID controller parameters. The closed loop system stability conditions in terms of the Legendre basis function pole(λ) for a wide range of systems including the first order, second order, double integrator, first order plus dead time, and first order unstable plants are obtained. For first order and double integrator plants, the closed loop system stability is preserved for all values of λ and for the other plants, an appropriate range in terms of λ is obtained. The optimum value of λ to attain a minimum integral square error performance index in the presence of the control signal constraints is achieved. The numerical simulations demonstrate the benefits of the Legendre based PID controller.

基于改进SSA优化PID的下肢康复机器人控制

针对下肢康复机器人训练过程中步态跟踪误差大的问题,提出一种改进麻雀搜索算法(ISSA)优化PID的控制策略。首先,利用拉格朗日方程对下肢机器人进行动力学分析,得到动力学模型;然后,通过引入Kent映射混沌初始化种群、Tent混沌扰动和柯西变异扰动,以及改变探索者-跟随者比例系数和探索者位置更新公式等方面对麻雀搜索算法进行改进,通过8种测试函数证实了算法改进的有效性;最后,在Matlab/Simulink中建立下肢机器人PID控制器和ISSA-PID控制器系统的仿真模型,以正常人体步态数据进行拟合得到的函数曲线作为系统实际输入进行跟踪实验。结果表明:相比于传统PID控制,ISSA-PID控制髋关节和膝关节的误差分别降低了63.3%和72.5%,实现了精准的步态跟踪,验证了该控制策略的有效性。

PID-Based Bit Allocation Strategy for Asymmetric Stereoscopic Video Coding with Fuzzy Quality Controller

Asymmetric stereoscopic video coding can take advantage of binocular suppression in human vision by representing one of the two views in lower quality.This paper proposes a bit allocation strategy for asymmetric stereoscopic video coding.In order to improve the accuracy of bit allocation and rate control in the left view,a proportionalintegral-derivative controller is adopted.Meanwhile,to control the quality fluctuation between consecutive frames of the left view,a quality controller is adopted.Besides,a fuzzy controller is proposed to control the variation in quality between the left and right views by comparing the PSNR disparity of two views with a fixed threshold,which is used to quantize the binocular psycho-visual redundancy and adjust the quantization parameter (QP) of the right view correspondingly.The proposed algorithm has been implemented in H.264/AVC video codec,and the experimental results show its effectiveness in rate control while keeping a good quality for the left view,and fewer bits are allocated for the right view so that the overall bit rate is saved by 7.2% at most without the loss of subjective visual quality for stereoscopic video.

Adaptive proportional integral differential control based on radial basis function neural network identification of a two-degree-of-freedom closed-chain robot

A closed-chain robot has several advantages over an open-chain robot, such as high mechanical rigidity, high payload, high precision. Accurate trajectory control of a robot is essential in practical-use. This paper presents an adaptive proportional integral differential （PID） control algorithm based on radial basis function （RBF） neural network for trajectory tracking of a two-degree-of-freedom （2-DOF） closed-chain robot. In this scheme, an RBF neural network is used to approximate the unknown nonlinear dynamics of the robot, at the same time, the PID parameters can be adjusted online and the high precision can be obtained. Simulation results show that the control algorithm accurately tracks a 2-DOF closed-chain robot trajectories. The results also indicate that the system robustness and tracking performance are superior to the classic PID method.

基于模糊RBF神经网络PID的AUV姿态控制研究

针对自主水下航行器(AUV)高精度、强鲁棒性的运动姿态控制需求,提出了一种径向基函数(RBF)神经网络结合模糊PID控制的水下机器人运动控制器;采用RBF神经网络对模糊PID控制器参数进行优化,有效解决了模糊PID控制过度依赖经验,难以应对水下复杂工况的问题。仿真结果表明:模糊RBF神经网络PID控制器在AUV姿态调节中表现出较传统模糊PID控制器更好的响应速度和抗干扰能力,有效改善了AUV姿态控制性能;经实际应用验证,控制器在复杂工况下可以快速收敛至期望姿态并维持稳定。

DCS中串级PID调节器的用户功能块设计及应用

为了研究串级PID调节器在DCS中的应用,选用一种基于ABB-800F软件自定义的用户功能块作为研究对象,对该软件自带PID通用连续调节控制块(C_CU)展开PID调节器面板及程序设计,增强其功能,通过密码解锁,实现一种能够直观进行图形化界面参数整定及调试的通用PID软调节器,既可以单回路PID控制,又可以串级PID控制,且能在编程组态中像功能块FBD指令一样使用。该用户功能块串级PID软调节器在某化工甲醛生产中应用,已经取得良好的效果。

基于改进WOA参数优化的反应釜PID控制器

为了解决工业中传统PID控制算法对于大时滞、非线性系统较难取得良好的控制效果的问题,提出一种基于改进鲸鱼优化算法(IWOA)的PID控制器整定算法。该算法考虑均衡算法的探查以及开发能力,引入非线性收敛因子;为了提高算法的勘察能力,避免陷入局部最优的情况,引入正余弦扰动因子改进位置更新策略;最后以化工反应中反应釜温度为被控对象,对其PID控制器进行参数自整定实验,并将结果与WOA算法、Z-N整定算法、PSO算法进行对比,验证了IWOA算法在优化PID控制器工程上的优越性。

基于RBF神经网络整定PID的电液比例系统位置控制研究

针对凿岩机械臂的电液比例系统位置控制精度问题,提出了一种基于径向基函数(RBF)神经网络整定PID的电液比例系统位置控制方法。首先,在AMESim中搭建了阀控非对称液压缸的电液比例系统简化模型,设置了各个模块的参数;然后,利用MATLAB/Simulink搭建了系统闭环控制模型,通过不断更新RBF网络模型并修正PID参数,实现了基于RBF神经网络整定PID的电液比例系统位置控制目的;结合AMESim搭建的电液比例系统模型和Simulink下搭建的控制器进行了联合仿真;最后,基于凿岩台车机械臂实验平台,进行了电液比例系统位置控制实验。仿真结果表明:在受到外部干扰的情况下,RBF神经网络整定PID控制系统能够在0.3 s内控制活塞杆重新运行至目标位置,平均响应时间为1.5 s,位置精度误差不超过5 mm。实验结果表明:与常规PID控制方法相比,RBF神经网络整定PID控制活塞杆位置精度误差降低了75%,位置精度误差在工程实际要求的10 mm范围以内,因此,RBF神经网络整定PID算法可以有效提高电液比例系统的位置控制精度,满足凿岩机械臂实际工作中对电液比例系统位置精度的控制要求。

基于改进MPC与RBF-PID的智能车轨迹跟踪控制

为提升智能汽车轨迹跟踪控制的稳定性和精度,提出一种基于时域参数自适应MPC与RBF-PID的轨迹跟踪控制方法.首先搭建车辆横纵向动力学模型;其次分析控制时域与预测时域对跟踪精度的影响,设计时域参数自适应MPC横向控制器并进行仿真验证;然后基于径向基函数(RBF)神经网络整定PID控制参数,设计分层式纵向控制器,并设计折线速度曲线与PID算法进行对比;最后以车速为耦合点构建智能汽车横纵向综合控制系统,并在蛇形工况下对横纵向综合控制系统进行仿真实验.结果表明,所设计的横向控制器能保证低速时的跟踪精度和高速时的车辆稳定性,纵向控制器可有效提高速度跟踪精度,横纵向综合控制系统能实现车辆在变车速工况下对轨迹的精准跟踪,同时保证良好的行驶稳定性与舒适性.

冷链运输车空调冷风机运行自适应PID控制方法研究

冷链运输车空调冷风机运行环境复杂,导致传统的比例积分微分(PID)控制过程难以准确设定控制参数。为解决这一问题,设计冷链运输车空调冷风机运行自适应PID控制方法。首先,通过分析冷链运输车空调冷风机工作过程,选取多个控制参数,以降低复杂度。然后,设计基于自适应PID控制器的控制模型,以送风温度和送风压力作为控制量,将冷、热水流量及风机转速作为被控制量,求解控制量和被控制量的传递函数。最后,根据传递函数与期望值间的耦合关系,对控制分量的增减进行调整,以实现冷链运输车空调冷风机运行的自适应PID控制。试验结果表明,该方法能够使冷链运输车内温度保持稳定。该方法控制精准度高、鲁棒性强、实用价值高,可以确保货物在整个冷链运输过程中的质量和安全。

基于S-Function的非线性PID控制器参数设计和优化

介绍了Matlab的S-Function的运行原理、功能和实现方法;简要说明了基于S-Function的非线性PID控制器的方案,对于非线性PID控制器参数优化问题,提出了一种先进方法,即采用MATLAB优化工具箱来优化PID控制器参数;介绍了工具箱的主要特点,并给出了在约束条件下的优化算法。

Helicopter Maneuver Trajectory Tracking Control Based on Implicit Model and LADRC

To enhance the stability of helicopter maneuvers during task execution,a composite trajectory tracking controller design based on the implicit model(IM)and linear active disturbance rejection control(LADRC)is proposed.Initially,aerodynamic models of the main and tail rotor are created using the blade element theory and the uniform inflow assumption.Subsequently,a comprehensive flight dynamic model of the helicopter is established through fitting aerodynamic force fitting.Subsequently,for precise helicopter maneuvering,including the spiral,spiral up,and Ranversman maneuver,a regular trim is undertaken,followed by minor perturbation linearization at the trim point.Utilizing the linearized model,controllers are created for the IM attitude inner loop and LADRC position outer loop of the helicopter.Ultimately,a comparison is made between the maneuver trajectory tracking results of the IM‑LADRC and the conventional proportional-integral-derivative(PID)control method is performed.Experimental results demonstrate that utilizing the post-trim minor perturbation linearized model in combination with the IM‑LADRC method can achieve higher precision in tracking results,thus enhancing the accuracy of helicopter maneuver execution.

基于PID控制器的电力设备电机自动化控制研究

为实现电机自动化控制的自适应性和快速响应性,并提高控制过程对不同工况的泛化能力,提出基于PID控制器的电力运行设备电机自动化控制方法,构建电力运行设备电机的数学模型,融合神经元和PID,构建单神经元PID自适应控制器,通过径向基函数网络实现电力运行设备电机转速误差的非线性逼近,并将其作为单神经元PID自适应控制器的前馈路径,进行电机转速误差的非线性补偿,在控制过程中,不断调整径向基函数网络和单神经元PID自适应控制器的参数,依据参数调整后的单神经元PID自适应控制器反馈路径实现对电机转速误差精准控制。通过实验验证可知,该方法实现的电力运行设备电机转速控制具有较小的运行误差,对电机转速跳变以及突降进行快速反应,快速使得电机转速恢复平稳。

在线优化参数的无模型PID预测函数控制

针对复杂非线性系统难以建模的控制问题,采用具有辅助变量紧格式动态线性化泛模型的无模型自适应控制方案,结合PID预测函数控制,并对目标函数进行改进,提出广义目标函数,给出无模型PID预测函数控制,采用直接极小化指标函数自适应优化算法对PID控制参数寻优,给出PID控制参数的在线优化算法。仿真研究表明算法的控制响应优良。

基于PID算法的控制量按任意函数变化的一种控制方法

在PID(proportional-integral-differential)控制算法的基础上,通过对控制量按某一函数变化的控制系统进行分析,提出了一种简单的控制量按任意函数变化的控制方法,即小区段设定值恒定PID控制算法,给出了该算法的数学模型,简要介绍了此PID控制算法的各个参数的整定方法,并分析了此算法在控制量超前控制、滞后控制、理想控制情况下的参数选取原则;用MATLAB对此算法进行了仿真和验证,仿真结果比较理想;同时还在不同的设备、不同的试验条件下进行了试验并获得成功,此外还将这种方法应用到实际工程当中,经过试验和实际工程检测获得了良好的效果。

一种基于遗传算法的非线性PID控制器

基于PID控制器各增益参数与偏差信号之间呈现非线性关系,拟合各参数的非线性函数可分别对控制器的P/I/D各部分实施单独调节的思想,提出根据控制与误差之间的调节规律,给定一组增益参数的非线性函数,并采用遗传算法来优化和构造此非线性PID调节器.典型系统的仿真结果表明,该控制器可在一定程度上兼顾系统的动态和静态性能.