Climate change strongly affected the structure and functions of natural ecosystems,e.g.the vegetation productivity decreased in the Northeast permafrost region due to the higher temperature and less precipitation,wher...Climate change strongly affected the structure and functions of natural ecosystems,e.g.the vegetation productivity decreased in the Northeast permafrost region due to the higher temperature and less precipitation,whereas in the Tibetan Plateau,the vegetation productivity increased,owing to the improved thermal resource.Climate change led to reduced precipitation in North and Northeast China and thus the reduced surface runoff.The public needs for energy were changed because of climate change,e.g.the shorter heating period in winter.Climate change profoundly influenced human health,pathophoresis and major projects by increasing extreme events,including frequency and magnitude,and causing more serious water shortage.Under the background of climate change,although the improved thermal resources can be helpful for extending the crop growth period,more extreme events may resulted in more instability in agricultural productivity.Not only did climate change indirectly affect the secondary and tertiary industries through the impacts on agriculture and natural resources,but also climate change mitigation measures,such as carbon tax,tariff and trading,had extensive and profound influences on the socioeconomic system.Further analysis indicated that the impact of climate change presented significant regional differences.The impact had its pros and cons,while the advantages outweighed the disadvantages.Based on the above analysis on the impacts of climate change,we put forward suggestions on coping with climate change.First,scientifically dealing with climate change will need to seek advantages while avoiding the disadvantages of climate change in order to achieve the orderly adaptation to climate change,which is characterized with"Overall best,long-term benefit."Second,quantitative adaptation should be given more attention,e.g.proposing operational schemes and predictable goals and using uncertainty analysis on adaptation measures.Third,more active coping strategy should be adopted to enhance China's future comprehensive competitiveness.The strategies include but are not limited to gradually adjusting the industrial structure,intensifying the research and development(R&D)of emission reduction technology and actively responding to the influence of carbon tax,tariff and trading on socioeconomic development in China.展开更多
The article is mainly about the advantages and disadvantages of information teaching in the case of a design of Container Transport.Information teaching did bring some good to the teaching,both to the teachers,and the...The article is mainly about the advantages and disadvantages of information teaching in the case of a design of Container Transport.Information teaching did bring some good to the teaching,both to the teachers,and the students and class.Yet it did have some side effects.And some suggestions are given to the information teaching to make it better used for teachers and students.展开更多
In China the desire to be taller is high （excuse the pun）, despite people＇s genetic make-up. It＇s a desire driven by the sheer volume of folk competing for partners, promotions and prime job offerings, where any a...In China the desire to be taller is high （excuse the pun）, despite people＇s genetic make-up. It＇s a desire driven by the sheer volume of folk competing for partners, promotions and prime job offerings, where any advantage is sought in order to get a foot in the door. And with the vast numbers of job seekers competing for positions, recruiters behind those doors can afford to be picky. The word on the street is height means rapid advancement through the ranks. Many young professionals hold the common belief that taller people have more opportunity for promotion in the desperate climb up the corporate ladder.展开更多
Autophagy plays an important role in the development and pathogenesis of various diseases. It can be induced by a variety of events such as hypoxia, nutrient-starvation, and mechanical damage. Many neurological disord...Autophagy plays an important role in the development and pathogenesis of various diseases. It can be induced by a variety of events such as hypoxia, nutrient-starvation, and mechanical damage. Many neurological disorders such Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, cerebral ischemia, and acute spinal cord injury (ASCI), are closely related to autophagy. However, therapeutic strategies to manipulate autophagy have not yet been fully deciphered due to the limited knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy in these disorders.展开更多
The size of container vessels has grown up in the past ten years and the trend prospect to be continued, according to analysis almost half of current ships order is for vessels exceeding 12,000 TEU＇s. Mega vessels ha...The size of container vessels has grown up in the past ten years and the trend prospect to be continued, according to analysis almost half of current ships order is for vessels exceeding 12,000 TEU＇s. Mega vessels have advantages to liners and for holding down the coast of ocean shipping but also raising concerns among vessel operation, insurance and they require for infrastructure adaptations and productivity level. Moreover further increase in ship size could result negative impacts and crises in recession.展开更多
PRO Chen Wei University student Civil servants deserve job security and more career options.Many current civil servants are well-educated and hold master＇s or even doctorate degrees.If they are offered other career o...PRO Chen Wei University student Civil servants deserve job security and more career options.Many current civil servants are well-educated and hold master＇s or even doctorate degrees.If they are offered other career opportunities, they may achieve greater success.It is often the case that capable graduates working in civil service can＇t get promoted despite putting in years of hard work. These individuals are passed over for promotion not because they are incompetent or not dedicated to their jobs.展开更多
Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in patients younger than 50 years are increasing, but screening before the age of 50 is not offered in Europe. Advancedstage diagnosis and mortality from colorectal cancer bef...Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in patients younger than 50 years are increasing, but screening before the age of 50 is not offered in Europe. Advancedstage diagnosis and mortality from colorectal cancer before 50 years of age are increasing. This is not a detection-bias effect;it is a real issue affecting the entire population. Three independent computational models indicate that screening from 45 years of age would yield a better balance of benefits and risks than the current start at 50 years of age. Experimental data support these predictions in a sex- and race-independent manner. Earlier screening is seemingly affordable, with minimal impediments to providing younger adults with colonoscopy. Indeed, the American Cancer Society has already started to recommend screening from 45 years of age in the United States. Implementing early screening is a societal and public health problem. The three independent computational models that suggested earlier screening were criticized for assuming perfect compliance. Guidelines and recommendations should be derived from well-collected and reproducible data, and not from mathematical predictions. In the era of personalized medicine, screening decisions might not be based solely on age, and sophisticated prediction software may better guide screening. Moreover, early screening might divert resources away from older individuals with greater biological risks. Finally, it is still unknown whether early colorectal cancer is part of a continuum of disease or a biologically distinct disease and, as such, it might not benefit from screening at all. The increase in early-onset colorectal cancer incidence and mortality demonstrates an obligation to take actions. Earlier screening would save lives, and starting at the age of 45 years may be a robust screening option.展开更多
镇痛泵是一种常用于术后镇痛的医疗设备,通过输送镇痛药物直接到患者体内,提供持续的镇痛效果。许多研究表明,镇痛泵在术后镇痛中具有一定的优势。首先,它可以提供更精确的药物输送,确保患者在术后期间得到恰当的镇痛效果。其次,镇痛泵...镇痛泵是一种常用于术后镇痛的医疗设备,通过输送镇痛药物直接到患者体内,提供持续的镇痛效果。许多研究表明,镇痛泵在术后镇痛中具有一定的优势。首先,它可以提供更精确的药物输送,确保患者在术后期间得到恰当的镇痛效果。其次,镇痛泵可以减少系统性副作用的发生,如恶心、呕吐和意识模糊等。这对于那些不能耐受口服镇痛药物的患者尤为重要。此外,镇痛泵还有助于提高患者的满意度,缓解疼痛并促进康复。本研究旨在对镇痛泵在术后镇痛中的应用进行全面评估,包括利与弊的综合分析,并提供数据支持。我们通过回顾相关文献和临床研究,总结了镇痛泵在术后镇痛中的关键优点和限制。利方面的数据支持显示,镇痛泵在术后镇痛中具有显著的效果。例如,一项针对腹部手术的研究发现,使用镇痛泵的患者在术后24h内的疼痛评分显著低于常规镇痛组(3.2 VS 5.8,P<0.001)。此外,镇痛泵组的患者还呈现较少的镇痛药物需要量(22.5 mg VS 47.6 mg,P<0.001)。另一项研究发现,镇痛泵在膝关节置换手术中的应用可以显著减少术后的镇痛药物副作用,如恶心和呕吐的发生率降低到5%以下。然而,弊端方面的数据也需要考虑。一些研究指出,使用镇痛泵可能存在并发症和风险,如感染、药物过量或药物误用。这需要医疗团队在使用镇痛泵时严密监测和管理,以减少潜在的风险。此外,使用镇痛泵也涉及到额外的成本和资源需求。一项经济评估研究发现,与传统的镇痛方法相比,镇痛泵的使用会增加术后镇痛的总费用。综合评估表明,镇痛泵在术后镇痛中具有明显的优势,但同时也伴随着一些限制。因此,在应用镇痛泵时,医疗团队应该充分考虑患者的情况和需要,并权衡其利与弊。同时,确保适当的监测和管理以减少并发症的风险,并进行合理的资源利用,将有助于确保镇痛泵的安全有效应用。展开更多
基金supported by National Science and Technology Support Program of China "Research on Assessment Technology of Impact and Risk of Climate Change in Key Fields and ItsApplication"[grant number 2012BAC19B00]National Key Scientific Research Project "Impact and Adaptive Strategy of Social and Economic System to Climate Change"[grant number2012CB955700]+1 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences "Environmental Pattern Change and Impact in Past One Hundred Years"[grant numberXDA05090307]"Impact of International Trade Policy and Emissions Reduction Policy to China"[Grant numberXDA05150200]
文摘Climate change strongly affected the structure and functions of natural ecosystems,e.g.the vegetation productivity decreased in the Northeast permafrost region due to the higher temperature and less precipitation,whereas in the Tibetan Plateau,the vegetation productivity increased,owing to the improved thermal resource.Climate change led to reduced precipitation in North and Northeast China and thus the reduced surface runoff.The public needs for energy were changed because of climate change,e.g.the shorter heating period in winter.Climate change profoundly influenced human health,pathophoresis and major projects by increasing extreme events,including frequency and magnitude,and causing more serious water shortage.Under the background of climate change,although the improved thermal resources can be helpful for extending the crop growth period,more extreme events may resulted in more instability in agricultural productivity.Not only did climate change indirectly affect the secondary and tertiary industries through the impacts on agriculture and natural resources,but also climate change mitigation measures,such as carbon tax,tariff and trading,had extensive and profound influences on the socioeconomic system.Further analysis indicated that the impact of climate change presented significant regional differences.The impact had its pros and cons,while the advantages outweighed the disadvantages.Based on the above analysis on the impacts of climate change,we put forward suggestions on coping with climate change.First,scientifically dealing with climate change will need to seek advantages while avoiding the disadvantages of climate change in order to achieve the orderly adaptation to climate change,which is characterized with"Overall best,long-term benefit."Second,quantitative adaptation should be given more attention,e.g.proposing operational schemes and predictable goals and using uncertainty analysis on adaptation measures.Third,more active coping strategy should be adopted to enhance China's future comprehensive competitiveness.The strategies include but are not limited to gradually adjusting the industrial structure,intensifying the research and development(R&D)of emission reduction technology and actively responding to the influence of carbon tax,tariff and trading on socioeconomic development in China.
文摘The article is mainly about the advantages and disadvantages of information teaching in the case of a design of Container Transport.Information teaching did bring some good to the teaching,both to the teachers,and the students and class.Yet it did have some side effects.And some suggestions are given to the information teaching to make it better used for teachers and students.
文摘In China the desire to be taller is high （excuse the pun）, despite people＇s genetic make-up. It＇s a desire driven by the sheer volume of folk competing for partners, promotions and prime job offerings, where any advantage is sought in order to get a foot in the door. And with the vast numbers of job seekers competing for positions, recruiters behind those doors can afford to be picky. The word on the street is height means rapid advancement through the ranks. Many young professionals hold the common belief that taller people have more opportunity for promotion in the desperate climb up the corporate ladder.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81301047)
文摘Autophagy plays an important role in the development and pathogenesis of various diseases. It can be induced by a variety of events such as hypoxia, nutrient-starvation, and mechanical damage. Many neurological disorders such Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, cerebral ischemia, and acute spinal cord injury (ASCI), are closely related to autophagy. However, therapeutic strategies to manipulate autophagy have not yet been fully deciphered due to the limited knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy in these disorders.
文摘The size of container vessels has grown up in the past ten years and the trend prospect to be continued, according to analysis almost half of current ships order is for vessels exceeding 12,000 TEU＇s. Mega vessels have advantages to liners and for holding down the coast of ocean shipping but also raising concerns among vessel operation, insurance and they require for infrastructure adaptations and productivity level. Moreover further increase in ship size could result negative impacts and crises in recession.
文摘PRO Chen Wei University student Civil servants deserve job security and more career options.Many current civil servants are well-educated and hold master＇s or even doctorate degrees.If they are offered other career opportunities, they may achieve greater success.It is often the case that capable graduates working in civil service can＇t get promoted despite putting in years of hard work. These individuals are passed over for promotion not because they are incompetent or not dedicated to their jobs.
文摘Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in patients younger than 50 years are increasing, but screening before the age of 50 is not offered in Europe. Advancedstage diagnosis and mortality from colorectal cancer before 50 years of age are increasing. This is not a detection-bias effect;it is a real issue affecting the entire population. Three independent computational models indicate that screening from 45 years of age would yield a better balance of benefits and risks than the current start at 50 years of age. Experimental data support these predictions in a sex- and race-independent manner. Earlier screening is seemingly affordable, with minimal impediments to providing younger adults with colonoscopy. Indeed, the American Cancer Society has already started to recommend screening from 45 years of age in the United States. Implementing early screening is a societal and public health problem. The three independent computational models that suggested earlier screening were criticized for assuming perfect compliance. Guidelines and recommendations should be derived from well-collected and reproducible data, and not from mathematical predictions. In the era of personalized medicine, screening decisions might not be based solely on age, and sophisticated prediction software may better guide screening. Moreover, early screening might divert resources away from older individuals with greater biological risks. Finally, it is still unknown whether early colorectal cancer is part of a continuum of disease or a biologically distinct disease and, as such, it might not benefit from screening at all. The increase in early-onset colorectal cancer incidence and mortality demonstrates an obligation to take actions. Earlier screening would save lives, and starting at the age of 45 years may be a robust screening option.
文摘镇痛泵是一种常用于术后镇痛的医疗设备,通过输送镇痛药物直接到患者体内,提供持续的镇痛效果。许多研究表明,镇痛泵在术后镇痛中具有一定的优势。首先,它可以提供更精确的药物输送,确保患者在术后期间得到恰当的镇痛效果。其次,镇痛泵可以减少系统性副作用的发生,如恶心、呕吐和意识模糊等。这对于那些不能耐受口服镇痛药物的患者尤为重要。此外,镇痛泵还有助于提高患者的满意度,缓解疼痛并促进康复。本研究旨在对镇痛泵在术后镇痛中的应用进行全面评估,包括利与弊的综合分析,并提供数据支持。我们通过回顾相关文献和临床研究,总结了镇痛泵在术后镇痛中的关键优点和限制。利方面的数据支持显示,镇痛泵在术后镇痛中具有显著的效果。例如,一项针对腹部手术的研究发现,使用镇痛泵的患者在术后24h内的疼痛评分显著低于常规镇痛组(3.2 VS 5.8,P<0.001)。此外,镇痛泵组的患者还呈现较少的镇痛药物需要量(22.5 mg VS 47.6 mg,P<0.001)。另一项研究发现,镇痛泵在膝关节置换手术中的应用可以显著减少术后的镇痛药物副作用,如恶心和呕吐的发生率降低到5%以下。然而,弊端方面的数据也需要考虑。一些研究指出,使用镇痛泵可能存在并发症和风险,如感染、药物过量或药物误用。这需要医疗团队在使用镇痛泵时严密监测和管理,以减少潜在的风险。此外,使用镇痛泵也涉及到额外的成本和资源需求。一项经济评估研究发现,与传统的镇痛方法相比,镇痛泵的使用会增加术后镇痛的总费用。综合评估表明,镇痛泵在术后镇痛中具有明显的优势,但同时也伴随着一些限制。因此,在应用镇痛泵时,医疗团队应该充分考虑患者的情况和需要,并权衡其利与弊。同时,确保适当的监测和管理以减少并发症的风险,并进行合理的资源利用,将有助于确保镇痛泵的安全有效应用。
