Systematic and Theoretical Unfolding of Research on Xi Jinping’s Discourses on Respecting and Protecting Human Rights

Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protect-ing human rights stand as a shining example of the sinicization and modernization of Marxist human rights theory,embodying profound theoretical,political,practical,and cultural logic.Existing research has conducted comprehensive and systematic theoretical analysis and academic extractions on the following contents:the core essence in-herent in these important discourses,including the“theory of human rights concepts,”the“theory of human rights paths,”the“theory of human rights practices,”the“theory of human rights protection,”and the“theory of human rights governance,”along with their profound theoretical significance,practical significance,and global signifi-cance.In the future,researchers should emphasize efforts on studying the original texts and understanding the original principles.While focusing on the precision of concepts,the scientific nature of the prop-ositions,the maturity of theoretical systems,and the rigor of internal logic related to Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protecting human rights,researchers should also pay attention to constructing a discourse system on human rights from the dimensions of discourse power,discourse cluster,and discourse field.Researchers should be adept at drawing innovative insights into human rights theory from China’s vibrant human rights practices and the vast masses of people.This approach will facilitate the systematic unfolding,academic trans-formation,and innovative development of Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protecting human rights.

The Historic Achievements of the Communist Party of China in Respecting and Protecting Human Rights in the New Era

In the new era,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has made historic achievements in respecting and protecting human rights.Building upon the principle of the“two integrations”(integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and fine traditional culture),it has nurtured new theories on respecting and protecting human rights in the new era,which can address the fundamental questions of whom and what the human rights protection efforts in the new era are for.Guided by the principle of“taking our own path,”it has charted a distinct course for the development of human rights,diverging from the Western approach.The CPC has maintained the unity between Party leadership and the respect for and protection of human rights,promoting progress in human rights through the pursuit of“high-quality development,”and ensuring various fundamental rights of the people through the rule of law.Building upon the past experience,the CPC has established the“source”of the institutional framework for respecting and protecting human rights in the new era,crafted the“body”of this institutional framework,and introduced its practical“application.”In promoting the comprehensive advancement of human rights protection,the CPC has facilitated the connotative development of human rights protection in China,empowering China in international human rights discourse,and contributing Chinese strength and wisdom to global human rights governance.

Protecting Biodiversity Promotes Harmonious COEXISTENCE BETWEEN MAN AND NATURE

For Chodor,a Tibetan herder living in the remote Shanza County of the Xizang Autonomous Region,protecting nature and wildlife is more than just a job-it's both a responsibility and a source of pride.

Protecting critical infrastructure against cascading effects:The PRECINCT approach

Critical Infrastructures(CIs),which serve as the foundation of our modern society,are facing increasing risks from cyber threats,physical attacks,and natural disasters.Additionally,the interdependencies between CIs through-out their operational lifespan can also significantly impact their integrity and safety.As a result,enhancing the resilience of CIs has emerged as a top priority for many countries,including the European Union.This involves not only understanding the threats/attacks themselves but also gaining knowledge about the areas and infrastruc-tures that could potentially be affected.A European Union-funded project named PRECINCT(Preparedness and Resilience Enforcement for Critical INfrastructure Cascading Cyber-Physical Threats),under the Horizon 2020 program,tries to connect private and public stakeholders of CIs in a specific geographical area.The key objec-tive of this project is to establish a common cyber-physical security management approach that will ensure the protection of both citizens and infrastructures,creating a secure territory.This paper presents the components of PRECINCT,including a directory of PRECINCT Critical Infrastructure Protection(CIP)blueprints.These blueprints support CI communities in designing integrated ecosystems,operating and replicating PRECINCT components(or toolkits).The integration enables coordinated security and resilience management,incorporating improved’installation-specific’security solutions.Additionally,Serious Games(SG),and Digital Twins(DT)are a significant part of this project,serving as a novel vulnerability evaluation method for analysing complicated multi-system cascading effects in the PRECINCT Living Labs(LLs).The use of SG supports the concentrated advancement of innovative resilience enhancement services.

Discussion on Influencing Factors of Water Resources Environment and Strategies for Protecting Water Ecology

At present,the major problems facing the water resource environment worldwide include water pollution,water resource shortage,and water ecosystem degradation.The discharge of industrial wastewater,agricultural non-point source pollution,and the discharge of urban sewage lead to a serious decline in water quality,which directly affects the safety of human drinking water and the living environment of aquatic organisms.Additionally,the unbalanced distribution and excessive exploitation of water resources lead to the problem of water shortage in many areas,which then leads to social and economic contradictions and ecological crises.In terms of ecosystems,the phenomena of water ecological degradation and reduction of biodiversity are increasingly obvious,and the carrying capacity of aquatic ecosystems are gradually declining.This paper aims to analyze the natural,social,and economic factors affecting the water resource environment,and propose effective strategies to protect the water ecology.To provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the sustainable utilization of water resources and the long-term development of the water ecosystem.

中国古代桥梁冲刷防护策略的典型案例与特征分析

我国古代桥梁工程历史悠久、底蕴深厚,是各地历史风貌和地域文化的重要载体。然而,长期服役状态和自然条件演化导致现存古桥性能衰减,特别是近年来气候变化加剧,古桥损毁案例频发,古桥的保护迫在眉睫。统计资料显示,在古代桥梁服役期间,冲刷是限制其使用寿命的重要因素,对桥梁基础和整体结构的长期危害不容忽视。现存古桥在其建设时期,根据不同的水文及地质条件,结合对冲刷现象的定性认识,提出并运用了一些防护措施。选取了三个代表性现存古桥案例,分析了其采用的分水尖、抛石基础和排桩等防护措施,结合目前的冲刷发生与演化的判断准则,分析其作用机理与防护效益。进一步从御灾种类、适用范围和服役性能三方面因素提出保护效益指数,并通过服役性能指数完善了冲刷演化判断模型,对古代桥梁的保护修缮工作提供一定的建议。

风险感知视角下个人隐私安全保护——一项元分析研究

[研究目的]数字时代背景下,个人隐私保护已成为全球关注的焦点。用户隐私风险感知是与之密切相关的关键研究领域,深入探究其影响因素对促进隐私信息保护至关重要。[研究方法]采用元分析方法对用户隐私风险感知的影响因素进行系统研究,通过异质性检验、发表偏倚检验和效果量分析,探究其核心因素。[研究结果/结论]研究发现,信任、感知有用性、信息敏感性、隐私经历、隐私倾向和隐私关注是影响用户风险感知的主要因素。其中,隐私关注与隐私风险感知之间呈正向强相关;感知有用性与隐私风险感知呈中度负相关;信息敏感性、隐私经历和隐私倾向与隐私风险感知均呈中度正相关;信任与隐私风险感知呈负向弱相关。此外,国家经济发展水平和文化类型对这些关系起显著调节作用。由此提出“事前透明-事中保护-事后应对”的多主体全域个人隐私安全保护策略。

环氧涂层在深海环境下的适用性评价

为对深水用涂层系统的评价和选用提供参考,以4种双层环氧涂层系统为研究对象,采用深海环境模拟实验(64℃,15 MPa)研究了环氧类涂层系统在深海环境下的性能变化。对初始及经过深海环境模拟实验后的涂层进行拉开法附着力和耐阴极剥离性能测试,分析深水环境对涂层基本性能的影响。此外,研究了涂层在常压水浸泡和深海环境模拟实验中不同时间段的吸水率、电化学阻抗谱以及涂层表面形貌的变化,探讨深水压作用下海水对涂层的渗透性以及对涂层阻抗和防腐性能的影响。结果表明:经过深水压实验后,涂层依然能有效附着于钢材表面,但其阻抗和防腐性能明显下降。最后,结合深水环境下的防腐系统应用实际,指出了常用阴极保护设计规范并不适用于深水环境,建议深水阴极保护设计应考虑钢结构所用涂层的实际绝缘电阻。

我国结核病合并HIV/AIDS双重感染防治策略的实施进展

结核病(tuberculosis,TB)与AIDS同为全球流行的重大传染病。结核病是HIV/AIDS患者常见的机会性感染和主要的死亡原因,HIV/AIDS则极大增加了结核病的发病风险。两者双重感染(TB-HIV/AIDS)可相互促进病变进展,成为全球公共卫生的重大挑战。本文对TB-HIV/AIDS的流行现状、防控策略展开综述,并提出TB-HIV/AIDS防治面临的主要问题和对策建议。

生物医学新技术临床应用的伦理治理要点

当前生物医学新技术临床应用中存在未知风险高等伦理问题,医疗机构需建立新技术管理制度,包括明确新技术概念、新技术评估准入机制和伦理管理制度。伦理审查委员会也应该根据所在医疗机构新技术发展方向,完善伦理委员会管理制度和伦理审查委员会成员专业组成,提高伦理委员对生物医学新技术的评审能力,初审阶段加大对新技术伦理风险的评估并加强应急预案制定的要求,按照新技术风险等级设定跟踪审查频率。伦理审查委员会应与医务管理部门一同制定本机构的医疗技术临床应用的伦理规范化培训制度,定期开展全员培训,以推进医务工作者了解生物医学技术的管理要求。不同类型的生物医学新技术存在不同的伦理风险,医疗机构的医务管理部门和伦理审查委员会应根据新技术类型特点制定相应的具体管理规则,但需要注意的是,一般的生物医学新技术刚刚进入临床时,往往均存在技术使用的公平性与正义的问题。

Multiple Tin Compounds Modified Carbon Fibers to Construct Heterogeneous Interfaces for Corrosion Prevention and Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is considered an effective means to achieve high-efficiency EMW absorption.However,interface modulation engineering has not been fully discussed and has great potential in the field of EMW absorption.In this study,multi-component tin compound fiber composites based on carbon fiber(CF)substrate were prepared by electrospinning,hydrothermal synthesis,and high-temperature thermal reduction.By utilizing the different properties of different substances,rich heterogeneous interfaces are constructed.This effectively promotes charge transfer and enhances interfacial polarization and conduction loss.The prepared SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF composites with abundant heterogeneous interfaces have and exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties at a loading of 50 wt%in epoxy resin.The minimum reflection loss(RL)is−46.74 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz.Moreover,SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF epoxy composite coatings exhibited long-term corrosion resistance on Q235 steel surfaces.Therefore,this study provides an effective strategy for the design of high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials in complex and harsh environments.

基于Alt-Geohash编码的k-匿名位置隐私保护方案

在对享受基于位置服务(LBS)用户进行位置隐私保护时,传统k-匿名技术在执行匿名操作时没有全面考虑时间开销和位置背景信息。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于Alt-Geohash编码的k-匿名位置隐私保护方案(k-anonymous location privacy protection scheme based on Alt-Geohash coding,KLPPS-AGC)。首先,通过位置泛化和Alt-Geohash编码技术实现对历史数据的快速检索;其次,根据历史查询概率筛选出能与用户构建高位置熵的位置;再次,利用海伦公式改善匿名集的位置分散度;最后,构建安全匿名集实现对用户的位置隐私保护。实验证明,该方案拥有较低的时间开销和较高的隐私性。

河口鱼类生态廊道研究进展

河口鱼类生态廊道是陆海联动生态廊道的重要组成部分,在维护生物多样性、保障渔业资源和促进生态系统健康方面发挥着不可替代的作用,为鱼类提供迁徙、繁殖、觅食和生存的必要通道,对于保持河口水生生态系统“三场一通道”(繁殖场、育幼场、觅食场和迁徙通道)的完整性和功能性至关重要。然而河口鱼类生态廊道的研究面临着目标物种观测跟踪难、河口维度复杂、生境因子高度动态性等挑战。因此,需要对河口鱼类迁徙行为、生态廊道主要生境类型有更深刻的理解和研究,并且采取综合性、动态性和适应性的生态廊道识别评估、保护修复和规划构建方法,以确保其连通性和生态功能的长期维持。本文对河口鱼类多样化的迁移行为和生态廊道内复杂的生境类型进行了梳理,阐述了识别河口鱼类潜在的迁移路线和生活史周期中关键生境的技术进展,从功能效益和经济成本两个方面总结了河口鱼类生态廊道的评估方法,探讨了河口鱼类生态廊道保护措施和工程修复技术的最新进展,并提出结合结构和功能连通性能进行更有效的河口鱼类生态廊道规划和构建的观点。展望未来,本文强调了多尺度规划、生态网络集成、采用新型生境恢复技术以及整合生态系统服务功能的重要性,并提出了开展跨学科合作、公众参与和政策支持的必要性,以实现河口鱼类生态廊道的长期保护和生态系统的可持续发展。

司美格鲁肽对老年糖尿病患者心脏的保护作用分析

目的探讨司美格鲁肽对老年糖尿病患者心脏的保护作用。方法回顾性收集郑州大学第一附属医院2022年2月至2023年2月收治的95例老年糖尿病患者临床资料,其中采用二甲双胍治疗的患者50例,采用二甲双胍联合司美格鲁肽治疗的患者45例,依据性别、年龄等因素进行倾向性得分匹配,对照组和观察组各43例入组。比较两组血糖指标[空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)]、胰岛素指标[空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)]、心功能指标[左室射血分数(LVEF)、每搏输出量(SV)]及血管内皮功能[内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)],并统计两组治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果治疗4个月时,观察组FBG、2 h PG、FINS、HOMA-IR水平更低,且LEVF、SV水平更高(P<0.05);治疗4个月时,观察组ET水平更低,NO水平更高(P<0.05);两组治疗期间不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用司美格鲁肽治疗老年糖尿病患者可改善血糖及胰岛素抵抗,同时可通过改善心功能及血管内皮功能发挥心脏保护作用,且不会增加不良反应。

跨境企业廉洁合规建设的法治之维

跨境企业是新时代高质量对外开放的重要载体。跨境企业的廉洁合规建设,是统筹国内反腐和涉外反腐,实现更高水平对外开放,维护国家主权、安全和发展权益的迫切需要,是随着“把一带一路建成廉洁之路”而兴起的中国原创,是廉洁价值观融入依法治企的制度设计。在国际环境更加复杂的背景下,跨境企业面临常规性法律风险、合规虚位的法律风险、政治打压带来的安全和发展风险,企业廉洁合规自治模式应上升到国家法律法规的层面,通过立法明确跨境腐败的定义、范围和入罪标准,明确跨境企业预防腐败法律义务和负激励机制,明确监察机关和相关部门监督管理职责等,以国家强制力反制美国等西方国家滥用腐败之名的企图,确保廉洁合规在跨境企业运行中更好地发挥优化营商环境、构建亲清新型政商关系、向国际社会展示廉洁形象的作用,成为中国式现代化建设的重要生力军。

中医药传统知识产业化进程中的相关问题与应对

目的 推动《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》框架下我国中医药传统知识的产业化进程及现代化转型。方法 梳理国际领域传统知识的保护框架,再分别从传统知识的显性化和传统知识载体的标准化两个领域寻求解决方案。结果与结论 国际社会保护传统知识的目标在于推动其现代化转型,加速其产业化应用。作为传统知识来源国,我国可通过完善《中医药传统知识保护条例(草案征求意见稿)》中有关传统知识登记制度的条款设计、推动中药专利研发与标准申请工作的同步进行,以及加强中药标准化与国际标准化资源链的融通等措施,保障中医药传统知识的合规应用。

The Action of Aloe Anthraquinones in Protecting the Growth of Soybean from Ultraviolet Radiation Stress

In order to investigate the protective effect of aloe anthraquinones on growth and development of soybean against ultraviolet B radiation stress from the morphological structure and physio-chemical indices. The results showed that, stressed by the enhanced ultraviolet b radiation, the soybean gave a dwarfed plant, shrunken leaf area and decreased photosynthetic pigment, while an ascended MDA content. Spraying aloe anthraquinones effectively relieved the reductions of chloro- phyll content and biomass and decreased the production of MDA under the radia- tion of UV-B. Moreover, under the UV-B radiation, waxy substances on epidermal cells increased remarkably and the stomas showed obvious subsidence, while spraying aloe anthraquinones could maintain the structure and shape of cells similar to that under natural light, and the stomas subsidence as well.

我国海湾型城市海岸带生态保护修复面临的难题与对策建议

海湾型城市是连接陆地和海洋的具有特定结构和功能的城市单元,因其优越的地理位置、发达的内陆腹地、强大的港口功能、良好的人文环境,海湾型城市发展具有特殊性。海湾型城市海岸带生态保护修复面临的主要难题及其对策建议如下:①发展产生的生态问题如何解决?因早期拓展城市发展空间进行的围海造地、围海筑堤、砍伐红树林等造成城市海岸带生态环境不同程度受损。应科学编制生态保护修复规划,根据受损区域,制定一区一策,因地制宜开展保护修复,可有效保障海岸带生态廊道连通性;②生态产品价值如何提升?海岸带保护修复生态产品价值实现路径尚不成熟,导致海岸带生态保护修复项目投资收益无法形成闭环,很难缓解保护修复资金来源单一、后期维护资金不足的问题。创新海洋生态产品价值实现机制,推进生态环境导向的开发模式和投融资模式创新,可成为促进海洋生态产品价值实现的有效途径;③系统性保护如何实施?部分城市海岸带生态保护修复项目存在修复内容缺乏整体性设计,修复区域单一分段,拼凑性明显,片面追求单一目标、忽视水土气候等立地条件种树种草等现象。应从海岸带生态系统整体性出发,探索建立“流域-河口-海湾”的生态保护修复联动机制,可有效促进陆海统筹、系统性保护修复理念实践;④公众参与度如何提高?保护修复项目实施过程中,项目前期评审和后期监管目前尚没有涉及公众参与环节。应坚持以人为本,增强公众和社会团体生态保护意识,充分发挥区域合作优势,有助于保护修复工作顺利开展;⑤保护修复成果长效性如何保证?部分生态保护修复项目因前期论证不足、设计不合理,导致实施过程中方案变更,影响整体修复进度和修复效果。应综合运用多种监测监管手段,科学构建生态保护修复综合技术体系,有助于修复见实效。厦门市作为我国海湾型城市高质量发展的代表,其在发展过程中形成的“厦门经验”,对于解决海湾型城市海岸带生态保护修复面临的难题具有很强的参考价值。做好海湾型城市海岸带生态保护修复工作,有助于提高城市海岸带生态廊道连通性,为建设美丽中国、美丽海湾提供重要支撑。

基于分层递进架构的实用型变压器保护故障定位方法

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