Protection and Ecological Restoration of Water Level Fluctuation Zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir

Water level fluctuation zone(hereinafter referred to as "WLFZ") is a transitional ecosystem between terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem,and also a key area to control its neighboring terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. After the Three Gorges Reservoir was put into use,ecological environment of its WLFZ has aroused wide concern from domestic and foreign experts. On the basis of introducing characteristics of WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir,current ecological environment and main problems of this area were analyzed,plant selection and configuration was elaborated as well as the implementation effect of many WLFZ protection and ecological restoration modes. In view of the actual conditions,pertinent suggestions were proposed for WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir,namely classified protection and ecological restoration,enhancing monitoring and assessment of current situation and change tendency,carrying out technical researches and demonstration of WLFZ wetland ecological restoration.

Thoughts and Practice of Ecological Protection and Restoration of Mountains, Rivers, Forests, Farmlands, Lakes and Grasslands

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stated that it was necessary to establish and practice the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets,treat the ecological environment as life,and coordinate the management of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands.In recent years,China has organized a series of pilot projects for the ecological protection and restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands,breaking the boundary between administrative divisions,departmental management and ecological elements,and implementing conservation and restoration oriented towards the improvement of ecosystem services,so as to solve the problem of the lack of overall planning for ecological protection and restoration projects and the separated management of ecological elements.This study systematically elaborated the theoretical basis and connotation characteristics of ecological protection and restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands.It proposed the implementation path of ecological protection and restoration project of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands by taking the water source conservation area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei as a case,so as to provide reference for the implementation and decision-making management of ecological protection and restoration projects in various regions.

Current Situation and Ideas of Protection and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems in Rivers and Lakes of China

Based on the investigation and analysis of protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystems in rivers and lakes of China, the ideas and measures of restoring aquatic ecosystems were proposed to build healthy aquatic ecosystems of rivers and lakes in China, such as setting scientific and clear goals, improving the standard adopted by wastewater treatment plants, controlling sources of pollutants and intercepting pollutants, collec- tion of blue-green algae, water transfer, dredging, reducing the quantity of blue-green algae, restoring reed wetlands on a large scale, combing dredging and base raise of restored reed wetlands, making full use of microorganisms, and implementing effective management, technology integra- tion and innovation.

Study on Key Problems of a New Environmental Dredging Based on Ecological Protection and Subsequent Ecological Restoration

[Objective] The research aimed to study key problems of a new environmental dredging based on ecological protection and subsequent ecological restoration. [Method] People paid more attention to sediment pollutant removal in environmental dredging, without considering coming aquatic eco-restoration work after dredging. Factor affecting aquatic ecosystem existence and growth was screened, and ecological dredging manner was put forward. [Result] On the basis of analyzing dredging objective, effect and influence, started from ecological protection and subsequent ecological restoration, water depth and substrate were screened as priority control factors of the environmental sediment dredging. New manner of combining sediment dredging to reshape underwater terrain was put forward. [Conclusion] The research provided solution for water depth and substrate demands of the subsequent ecological restoration.

Protection and Restoration of Soil and Water Ecology to Achieve Harmonious Coexistence between Human and Nature

At present,the ecological environment crisis of global concern,such as climate warming and biodiversity loss,the fundamental reason is the change and destruction of the earth's soil and water ecology.Therefore,protecting and restoring the authenticity,diversity,cleanliness and integrity of soil and water ecology,we should coordinate and deal with the relationship between human beings and soil and water ecology,and realize the harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature from the three aspects of protecting natural soil and water ecology,protecting and restoring natural soil and water ecology,building and regenerating artificial soil and water ecology.

Slope Protection with Vegetation of Baoji(Shaanxi)-Hanzhong(Shaanxi) Expressway

With expressway development and environment protection consciousness improving, slope protection technology with vegetation has drawn much more attention. From the perspective of ecology, Baoji-Hanzhong Expressway maximized slope protection technology with vegetation and formed attracting landscapes on basis of eco-protection. This research introduced the technology of Baoji-Hanzhong Expressway, and explored a low-cost and effective biological slopeprotection way, suitable for Baoji-Hanzhong Expressway, according to slope protection technologies, at home and abroad, with botany, water and soil conservation engineering, and architecture, which fixed and stabilized slopes, prevented rainfall scouring, and advanced slope protection development in China.

Landscape Design of Water Conservancy Scenic Area Based on Ecological Protection Concept

Targeting at the development needs of ecological cities, the landscape design of water conservancy scenic areas has begun to take the ecological protection concept as the design essence, based on the theory of landscape ecology, ecological restoration and ecological compensation. The principles and methods of ecological design are summarized in this paper to achieve the unity of economic benefits and ecological benefits in water conservancy scenic areas and create a livable environment for cities.

Review of Restoration Technology and Multi-environmental Factors Analysis of West Lake Ecosystem in Hangzhou City

The urban lake ecosystem has the characteristics of long-term,complex and comprehensive in its ecological restoration process because it is related to social and economic activities at multiple levels.Located in Hangzhou City,China,the West Lake is a national-level scenic spot and a world heritage cultural landscape.It provides key ecosystem services for the city and has a significant impact on the urban ecological environment and the well-being of citizens.The West Lake has undergone an 1800-year governance process in history,realizing the harmonious coexistence with Hangzhou City.Since modern times,due to the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization,the water quality of the West Lake and its freshwater ecosystem have been greatly damaged.Since 2002,Hangzhou City has achieved the overall restoration of the West Lake ecosystem through a series of measures,such as water diversion projects,dredging projects,and the West Lake comprehensive protection project,and the water environment and lakeshore landscape have been greatly improved.This study analyzed the restoration technology of the West Lake ecosystem from two scales of the watershed and the site and discussed the water ecological governance system of the West Lake in the past 20 years.Through thedata analyses of the West Lake land use,vegetation,TP,TN,NH_(3)-N,COD_(Mn) and other multi-environmental factors,the results showed that the water quality,transparency and eutrophication of the West Lake had been greatly improved.At the same time,the application of large-scale restoration methods and technologies also required long-term observation,and attention should be paid to the proliferation of alien species and the loss of heritage value,so as to further avoid potential ecological risks caused by ecological restoration.

社会资本参与生态保护修复市场化机制模式与实现路径研究

实施生态保护修复工程是构建人与自然和谐共生现代化社会的关键性举措,由于其公益性和外部性特征,难以形成稳定长效的回报机制,社会资本参与门槛高风险大。面对日益增长的修复需求,建立和完善生态保护修复项目的市场化机制不仅有助于缓解政府财政压力,更能通过市场机制的引入优化资源配置、推动产业结构优化。本文从生态保护修复市场化的逻辑前提出发,系统论述生态保护修复市场化实现的必要条件,归纳社会资本参与生态保护修复项目模式,针对生态保护修复市场化的发展,结合市场化在不同项目中的具体实现路径,提出发展和优化建议,旨在探索社会资本参与生态保护修复项目进入难、实施难的解决方案,推动生态保护修复市场化的健康发展。

矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理对策研究:以秦岭南麓某金矿为例

针对秦岭南麓某金矿存在的矿山地质环境问题,通过资料收集和矿山地质环境现场调查,在对矿山地质环境进行现状评估和预测评估的基础上,分析总结了矿山地质环境问题,梳理了地质灾害类型、规模、分布、危害情况和发育趋势。结合矿山实际情况,提出泥石流隐患、地面塌陷、滑坡及尾矿库废水的防治对策,通过开展地质灾害隐患治理,修复被破坏的地形地貌、植被复绿,逐步恢复矿区水土保持功能,可最大限度地削弱或降低矿山地质环境问题造成的影响。该研究可为类似矿山恢复治理工作提供参考和借鉴。

京广高铁沿线武汉乌龙泉镇生境质量演变特征研究

【目的】高铁作为中国重要的交通基础设施,其建设和运营不可避免对沿线环境造成不同程度的影响,如土地利用变化、生境质量变化、生物多样性干扰等,但其影响程度、范围等科学问题亟待深入研究。【方法】以京广高铁武汉江夏区生态本底良好的乌龙泉镇为研究区域,运用InVEST 3.2模型,分析2000—2010年、2010—2020年、2000—2020年研究区域生境质量的时空演变,探讨京广高铁建设对两侧生境质量的影响特征。【结果】1)研究区域用地类型转化有时段差异:2000—2010年主要是林地、湿地和水体转化为耕地,2010—2020年则是耕地向其他类转化。2)镇域生境质量先差后优:建设用地扩张使生境质量较差区域的面积持续增加,生境质量优良的林地和水体面积为先减后增。3)核心区域的生境质量变化特征与镇域表现一致。2000—2020年,高铁建设对沿线核心区生境质量的影响明显,生境质量整体变差,部分水域湿地生境质量提高。【结论】京广高铁沿线土地利用方式的改变很大程度影响了沿线的生境质量。高铁两侧用地类型及结构不同,对两侧生境质量的影响程度各不同:高铁沿线西侧随远离高铁距离的增加,生境质量呈现“先降后升”特点,而东侧则相反。分析高铁不同时间对沿线乡镇生境质量影响特征,可为沿线生物多样性保护和受损生境修复以及美丽乡村建设等提供参考依据。

云南省岩溶地区石漠化草原现状及分区保护与修复策略

据最新调查数据,云南省石漠化草原主要分布于曲靖、昆明、红河等5个州(市),总面积37.97万hm2,占岩溶土地面积的3.53%,其分布最广的海拔区间为1 500~2 500 m,占比47.85%,基岩裸露度分布区间为30%~94%,以植被盖度为10%~19%的分布区间面积最广,占比37.85%,绝大部分分布于土层薄甚至极薄区域,占比达92.10%。根据石漠化草原空间分布特征,在充分衔接各大生态保护和修复工程建设规划基础上,统筹考虑岩溶生态系统的完整性、地理单元的连续性和经济社会发展的可持续性,将云南省石漠化草原区划为6个分区,分区阐述石漠化草原生态保护与修复策略。

宁夏草原生态保护面临的问题及对策建议

草原资源作为宁夏面积最大的土地类型和主要的可更新资源,不仅是草原畜牧业发展的物质基础,而且在维持和保护生物多样性、提供饲草、碳固存、养分循环、防风固沙等方面发挥着重要功能。根据宁夏草原生态保护和建设现状,系统总结了宁夏草原生态保护取得的成效,分析了目前宁夏草原生态保护存在的问题并提出相应的对策建议,旨在为宁夏草原生态保护和可持续发展提供参考。

野生动物相关生态环境损害赔偿制度的适用性分析

非法侵害野生动物资源不仅会造成野生动物资源自身的损害,还会引起野生动物生态功能退化等生态损害。司法实践中,野生动物相关生态环境损害往往不能得到全面救济。明晰行政索赔主体的职责,可以避免由于职责不清导致行使赔偿请求权时出现管辖范围不清、互相推诿的情况;认定损害赔偿范围综合考虑时间限度、空间限度、注重质量限度及多种主客观因素、区分野生动物生态环境修复费用和生态环境服务功能损失费用,可以最大限度地覆盖非法侵害野生动物资源造成的全部损害,实现野生动物维护生态系统平衡、保护物种、保持生物多样性、保存基因等多种生态功能丧失的完全赔偿;建立司法行政部门统一管理,司法鉴定、社会鉴定并存的多元化鉴定机制,能够统一鉴定标准、保证鉴定质量、维持鉴定秩序,科学合理地确定野生动物资源的生态损害价值;针对能够恢复生态功能的野生动物相关生态环境损害采用生态修复的责任方法,比单纯的金钱赔偿更有利于维持生物多样性、保护野生动物资源。

基于AIGC技术的古建筑室内场景一致性复原研究

随着人工智能技术的迅速发展,基于人工智能的创成式生成(AIGC)技术在古建筑室内场景复原领域展现出巨大潜力。本文探讨了AIGC技术在古建筑室内场景复原中的应用,以承德避暑山庄碧静堂为案例,重点研究了AIGC技术在确保视觉、风格、空间及历史文化一致性控制中的有效性和应用策略。通过对相关历史文献的分析,结合现场考察和数字化建模,本研究构建并调试出古建筑室内场景复原专用的AIGC模型,实现了碧静堂内部场景的高度复原。研究发现,通过精确的数据训练和模型调整,AIGC技术能够有效复原消失和损毁的古建筑室内场景,为文化遗产保护和学术研究提供了新的视角和工具。本研究不仅拓宽了AIGC技术在文化遗产领域的应用范围,也为今后相关技术的发展和应用提供了理论和实践基础。

北方防沙带大型露天煤矿区生态保护与修复技术

北方防沙带是我国防治沙化和荒漠化的关键地带,是“三北”工程的核心区,区内土壤贫瘠、风速大、干旱缺水、植被稀少、生态恢复力低,而大型露天煤矿开采与生态保护矛盾突出,直接影响区域生态安全和国家能源保供,迫切需要开展大型露天矿区生态保护修复研究。针对北方防沙带大型露天煤矿区开采引起的土地破坏、扬尘起沙、水位下降、土壤沙化、植被退化等问题。以北方防沙带面积和露天煤炭产量占比均最大的内蒙古的大型露天煤矿区为研究区,秉承“减损开采-立体保水-造土活土-系统修复-集成监管”的研究思路,揭示大型露天矿岩土损伤-生态退化传导机理、生态减损开采机制、重建生态自维持机制,研发生态保护型减损开采、生态化设计、水资源保护与综合利用、抗侵蚀地貌重塑、排土场活土层精细重构、土壤改良与提质增容、菌-藻-草联合修复、生态系统退化监管等关键技术,形成适合北方防沙带露天煤矿区生态保护与修复技术体系,建成大型露天矿区生态保护修复集成示范区。创建低成本、高效率、可持续、可复制的大型露天矿区生态保护修复模式,为保障我国北方防沙带大型露天矿区科学开采与生态安全提供支撑,实现煤炭开发能源保供与生态保护相协调、“开发金山银山,再造绿水青山”的目标。

基于生态韧性的山水林田湖草沙一体化保护修复框架

基于生态韧性内涵的山水林田湖草沙一体化保护修复是提升区域生态系统承载力和风险适应性的创新路径。本文阐述了生态韧性内涵与山水林田湖草沙生命共同体的特征,明确了一体化生态修复同生态韧性内涵关联逻辑,构建了山水林田湖草沙一体化保护修复的韧性作用机制和“问题识别-要素分析-策略制定”研究框架。以石家庄市为例,识别了其水土流失、湿地萎缩等生态问题,明确流域单元关键生态要素,并基于石家庄市生态系统地理空间格局以及面临的生态风险,提出调田节水、生境修复、林草保育等保护策略。以期为推进山水林田湖草沙系统修复工作以及增强生态系统应对干扰的抵抗力和适应力提供支撑。

清代仿刘松年纸本《仙鹤图》立轴的修复与保护

本文提到的这幅落款刘松年的花鸟画立轴,经鉴定为清末仿刘松年纸本立轴。该立轴入藏时存在装裱脱落、折裂脏污等病害。为了更好地进行修复工作,使文物恢复原貌,修复前运用显微镜、纤维分析仪、pH计、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)等检测手段,对纸本画心和部分颜料进行了检测分析,通过检测发现画心纸张和丝织物均显示出相当严重的老化症状,包括大面积的折痕、断裂、虫蚀等。落款部分印泥走油模糊,此外还确认了仙鹤头顶红色颜料为朱砂存在安全问题,因其含有汞需要采取特殊保护和保存措施。此次修复通过充分分析研究,运用传统书画修复工艺,通过清洗、揭除原覆背纸、全色接笔、贴条加固等步骤,取得较为理想的修复效果。

草地生态系统保护、修复与功能提升的关键科学问题

草地占我国国土面积的27.6%,在保障我国生态安全中发挥着重要作用。本文梳理了我国从单一追求草地资源的物质生产功能,到生产和生态兼顾,再到目前的生态优先、多功能目标管理的发展历程,分析了草地保护与修复政策施力点及其在遏制草地退化中的作用,分析了我国草地修复过程中的乡土草种质资源、土壤养分和土壤微生物等制约因素,介绍了依靠自然过程,将退化草地恢复到生物多样性、稳定性与地带性群落接近的草地近自然恢复理念与途径;凝练了我国草地保护和修复亟需解决的关键科学问题。建议在新时代草地保护与修复政策的保障下,尊重自然、顺应自然、践行近自然恢复理念,引领新时代由植被到生态系统的草地保护与修复工作。

白浆土改良技术对黑土生态修复的促进机制研究

白浆土主要形成于石灰岩风化后的土壤,具有较高的碱性和石灰含量,常用于土壤改良和中性化处理,以改善土壤结构和适应作物生长需求。由于长期人为活动和自然因素影响,黑土面临着土壤退化的问题。因此,该文以白浆土为例,基于黑土地区面临的生态问题,突出了黑土生态修复的紧迫性和必要性,详细探讨了白浆土改良技术对中和土壤酸碱度、增加土壤有机质含量、改善土壤结构和促进土壤生物活性等方面对黑土生态修复的促进作用。通过对白浆土改良技术的研究和实地调查,论证其在黑土生态修复中的实际效果和可行性,并提出了未来研究和应用建议,为黑土地区的生态环境保护和可持续发展提供理论和实践支持。