Yielding of Winter Triticale Varieties in Different Protection Levels in Two Sequence Systems

Five-year trials （2011-2015） were accomplished in a continuous field experiment conducted at the Production and Research Station in Balcyny. The experiment was set up on a luvisol medium soil, derived from light loam with the objective of evaluating the response of two winter triticale varieties （Pigmej and Cyrkon） to cultivation without protection （O）, chemical weed control （H） and combined protection against weeds and fungi （HF）. Comparisons were made in two crop sequence systems： cultivation of winter triticale varieties in a 6-field crop rotation and cultivation in a 19-23-year-long monoculture. The results showed that the plant sequence system significantly differentiated the response of winter triticale varieties to the applied levels of field protection. Significantly higher grain yield gains of the winter triticale varieties in response to the application of herbicides or herbicides with fungicides were obtained in the monoculture than in the crop rotation. In the crop rotation, a higher increase in yields induced by the applied plant protection treatments was achieved by the variety Cyrkon. In the monoculture, the response of both varieties to the herbicides applied was nearly identical, while the combined application of herbicides and fungicides raised the yields of var. Pigmej higher than those of var. Cyrkon. Overall for the plant protection levels, var. Cyrkon yielded higher than var. Pigmej by 18.1% more in the crop rotation and by 26.9% in the monoculture. At the same time, var. Cyrkon demonstrated a weaker response to being grown in the monoculture than var. Pigmej did. The average yield of the former was reduced by 21.1%, whereas the latter yielded 26.6% less grain.

Research on Network Security Level Protection Measurement Strategy in the Context of Cloud Platforms

Platforms facilitate information exchange,streamline resources,and reduce production and management costs for companies.However,some viral information may invade and steal company resources,or lead to information leakage.For this reason,this paper discusses the standards for cybersecurity protection,examines the current state of cybersecurity management and the risks faced by cloud platforms,expands the time and space for training on cloud platforms,and provides recommendations for measuring the level of cybersecurity protection within cloud platforms in order to build a solid foundation for them.

地方保护政策对中国新能源汽车市场推广的影响分析

加快建设全国统一大市场对推动中国新能源汽车产业发展具有重要意义,而各地频发的地方保护现象却成为阻碍新能源汽车市场推广的主要因素。以2010—2021年中国28个省(市、区)新能源汽车推广数量的面板数据作为研究样本,分析了地方保护政策对新能源汽车市场规模和市场占比的影响,以及产品市场发育程度在其中的调节和门槛效应。研究结果表明,地方保护政策对新能源汽车市场规模扩大和市场占比提升均有显著的抑制作用,产品市场发育程度在该影响过程中具有调节性作用,地方保护政策对市场规模的作用受到产品市场发育程度单一门槛效应的影响,而对市场占比的作用则受双重门槛效应的影响,呈现出先促进后抑制的倒“U”型特征。进一步研究显示,地方保护政策通过加深能源市场分割阻碍了新能源汽车市场推广。区域异质性表明,东部地区的地方保护政策对新能源汽车市场推广有显著的抑制作用,而中西部地区的保护政策则有助于市场规模的扩大;在有新能源汽车上市企业母公司的地区,地方保护政策的抑制作用更为明显;而在没有此类企业的地区,其抑制作用相对较弱。研究结论为打破中国新能源汽车产业中的地方保护主义、推动产业可持续发展提供了决策参考。

Signal quality analysis and quality check of BDS3 Precise Point Positioning in the Arctic Ocean

This study analyzes the signal quality and the accuracy of BeiDou 3 rd generation Satellite Navigation System(BDS3) Precise Point Positioning(PPP) in the Arctic Ocean. Assessment of signal quality of BDS3 includes signal to noise ratio(SNR), multipath(MP), dilution of precision(DOP), and code-minus-carrier combination(CC). The results show that, 5 to 13 satellites are visible at any time in the Arctic Ocean area as of September 2018, which are sufficient for positioning. In the mid-latitude oceanic region and in the Arctic Ocean, the SNR is 25–52 dB Hz and the MP ranges from-2 m to 2 m. As the latitude increases, the DOP values show large variation, which may be related to the distribution of BDS satellites. The CC values of signals B1 I and BIC range from-5 m to 5 m in the mid-latitude sea area and the Arctic Ocean, which means the effect of pseudorange noise is small. Moreover, as to obtain the external precise reference value for GNSS positioning in the Arctic Ocean region is difficult, it is hard to evaluate the accuracy of positioning results. An improved isotropy-based protection level method based on Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring is proposed in the paper, which adopts median filter to smooth the gross errors to assess the precision and reliability of PPP in the Arctic Ocean. At first, the improved algorithm is verified with the data from the International GNSS Service Station Tixi. Then the accuracy of BDS3 PPP in the Arctic Ocean is calculated based on the improved algorithm. Which shows that the kinematic accuracy of PPP can reach the decimeter level in both the horizontal and vertical directions, and it meets the precision requirements of maritime navigation.

两层次区域经济一体化下产业空间转移机理与社会福利效应

破解市场分割状态,建立全国竞争有序的大市场对产业转移转型和社会福利增进有重要意义。通过对三地区自由资本模型的拓展(中国北部、中国南部与国外),建立国内与国外两层次区域经济一体化分析框架,研究区域经济一体化与产业空间转移及社会福利关系。结果表明:打破地方保护主义、推进区域经济一体化可以促进产业空间转移,并提高居民实际收入和社会福利;渐进地提高国内和国际贸易自由度时,南北部区域之间不容易形成非对称结构;较快地推进区域经济一体化时,不仅产业转移规模非常小,而且南北部区域之间不会形成核心-边缘结构,但是显著地提高了市场规模较小区域的社会福利水平。

特朗普政府贸易保护主义的原因分析——基于双层次博弈理论的视角

特朗普政府的贸易保护主义给美国的主要贸易伙伴带来了诸多挑战,也给国际贸易发展带来了深远的影响。探究其背后的原因,有助于各国采取更加有效的应对措施。双层次博弈理论为这一问题提供了全新的视角,即国内和国际的双层次博弈是特朗普政府的贸易保护主义的主要动因,应对贸易保护也应从国内和国际这两个层次的博弈及其互动着手。

Multi‑level autonomous integrity monitoring method for multi‑source PNT resilient fusion navigation

For the integrity monitoring of a multi-source PNT(Positioning,Navigation,and Timing)resilient fusion navigation system,a theoretical framework of multi-level autonomous integrity monitoring is proposed.According to the mode of multi-source fusion navigation,the framework adopts the top-down logic structure and establishes the navigation source fault detection model based on the multi-combination separation residual method to detect and isolate the fault source at the system level and subsystem level.For isolated non-redundant navigation sources,the system level recovery verification model is used.For the isolated multi-redundant navigation sources,the sensor fault detection model optimized with the dimension-expanding matrix is used to detect and isolate the fault sensors,and the isolated fault sensors are verified in real-time.Finally,according to the fault detection and verification results at each level,the observed information in the fusion navigation solution is dynamically adjusted.On this basis,the integrity risk dynamic monitoring tree is established to calculate the Protection Level(PL)and evaluate the integrity of the multi-source integrated navigation system.The autonomous integrity monitoring method proposed in this paper is tested using a multi-source navigation system integrated with Inertial Navigation System(INS),Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS),Long Baseline Location(LBL),and Ultra Short Baseline Location(USBL).The test results show that the proposed method can effectively isolate the fault source within 5 s,and can quickly detect multiple faulty sensors,ensuring that the positioning accuracy of the fusion navigation system is within 5 m,effectively improving the resilience and reliability of the multi-source fusion navigation system.

Evaluation of BDS and GPS RAIM availability based on data collected in June 2020

The satellite pseudo-range fault detection with the Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring(RAIM)method is affected by several satellite observations and the geometric distribution of satellites.The poor geometry distribution of satellites will conceal the positioning errorcaused by the satellite pseudo-range fault,resulting in unreliable detection results.Therefore,the availability evaluation must be made before RAIM to ensure that the fault detection performance will not be affected.On June 23,2020,China successfully launched the 30 th(last)navigation satellite of BeiDou’s third-generation navigation satellite system(BDS-3),which is also the 55 th BeiDou navigation satellite.Combining all the available satellites of BDS-1,BDS-2 and BDS-3,the positioning performance of BDS can be greatly improved.In order to evaluate the RAIM availability of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)and Global Positioning System(GPS)in China,this paper first deduces the mathematical models and their characteristics of the three RAIM availability evaluation methods.Then,the study area(N10°-70°,E60°-150°)is divided into 4536 grid points at intervals of 1°×1°in latitude and longitude,and the elevations of these grid points are taken from the global terrain data file.The Horizontal Protection Level(HPL)values of these grid points are calculated during 8-15 June 2020 using BDS and GPS ephemeris data.The RAIM availability differences between the two systems are compared and analysed.The analysis shows the Horizontal Protection Level method(HPLM)based on single-satellite pseudo-range fault is the most practical and convenient.During the 8-day observation period,the HPL values of BDS are significantly smaller than those of GPS in terms of geographic location and observation time,and the variation of HPL time series of BDS is also smaller than that of GPS,which indicates that the RAIM availability of GPS in China is not as good as that of BDS.Most importantly,in the four flight stages of the aircraft’s Oceanic/Continental lowdensity En-route,Continental En-route,Terminal En-route and Non-precision approach(NPA),BDS can completely satisfy its RAIM availability requirement,while GPS can only meet the availability requirement of the En-route(Oceanic/Continental low density)phase,and the availability of the other three phases can at least reach 99.714%.

直面贸易保护主义的我国产业链——论拓展市场与深化分工的必要性

产业链的经济思想源于分工与协作相互促进又相互制约的关系,技术与市场是产业链发展两个最重要的影响因素。贸易保护主义一方面阻断科技传播与吸收,另一方面限制市场范围,对产业链发展造成不利影响。提升产业链水平应当立足于产业链协同创新,抓住产业技术革命带来的机遇重组产业链建立竞争优势,培育和开发更大的市场范围,促进产业链整体价值提升。

完美货币与完美经济

没有完美的货币或者完美的经济组织形式。欧元和欧元区经济的问题,都是在全球化过程中所必须经历的阶段。一个好的经济体制,应该使"国民生活水平"最大化。但是,如果要具体到现实世界,"生活水平最大化"往往意味着很多,很可能意味着对其他经济体利益的侵蚀。本文从信用约束、经济一体化等角度,论述了欧元的使用对欧元区经济的益处;并指出了欧元使用带来的南欧国家财政赤字和贸易逆差问题。中国对外投资应该辩证地看待欧美经济体的长处和不足,合理配置外汇资产的比例。

司法“去地方化”改革反思

基于“司法权是中央事权”这一论断,2013年以来的司法改革力图通过司法权的中央化来祛除司法的地方保护主义。在中央确定的两项主要改革举措中,推进省以下地方法院、检察院人财物省级统管,因受地方各级人大产生同级法院、检察院的宪制约束,以及各地方财政资源不平衡现实的影响,只能实行“有限统管”;设立跨行政区划法院、检察院,因存在宪制空间上的争议无法形成统一的认识,一直停留在试点阶段而踟蹰不前,改革路径也在司法机构创制和管辖制度调整之间来回切换。实际上,地方法院、检察院不仅具有“国家性”,而且“地方性”也是其内在基因,司法地方保护主义的产生,并非根源于法院、检察院的地方性,而在于法院、检察院行使司法权时被属地体制性地行政化。只有按照法治的要求和司法的规律,合理确定司法权在地方权力结构中的地位,法院、检察院依法独立公正行使职权,才具有可依赖的前提和基础。

Impact of receiver inter-frequency bias residual uncertainty on dual-frequency GBAS integrity

Dual-Frequency Ground-Based Augmentation Systems(GBAS)can be affected by receiver Inter-Frequency Bias(IFB)when Ionosphere-Free(Ifree)smoothing is applied.In the framework of the proposed GBAS Approach Service Type F(GAST-F),the IFB in the Ifree smoothed pseudorange can be corrected.However,IFB residual uncertainty still exists,which may threaten the integrity of the system.This paper presents an improved algorithm for the airborne protection level considering the residual uncertainty of IFBs to protect the integrity of dual-frequency GBAS.The IFB residual uncertainty multiplied by a frequency factor is included in the Ifree protection level together with the uncertainty of other error sources.To verify the proposed protection level algorithm,we calculate the IFB residual uncertainties of ground reference receivers and user receiver based on BDS B1I and B3I dual-frequency observation data and carry out a test at the Dongying Airport GBAS station.The results show that the proposed Ifree protection level with IFB residual uncertainty is 1.48 times the current protection level on average.The probability of Misleading Information(MI)during the test is reduced from 3.2×10^(-4)to the required value.It is proven that the proposed protection level can significantly reduce the integrity risk brought by IFB residual uncertainty and protect the integrity of dual-frequency GBAS.