Legislative Protection for Women's Rights and Interests after the Founding of the People's Republic of China

The process of legislative protection for women’s rights and interests of the new China can be divided into two phases: The first phase is from the establishment of the People’s Republic of China to the adoption of the policy of reform and opening up to the outside

Improvement of Legislation System of Protecting Women’s Rights and Interests in China——Taking the Amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests as an Opportunity

The Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests has been amended twice since it was promulgated 1992,and it has formed a relatively complete legislation system together with relevant laws and regulations,accumulating experience of judicial application in practice.In the current proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests,the main issues that should be considered are:First,the legislative purpose of this law should be reviewed to clarify the three legislative positions of the Law on Women’s Rights and interests,in terms of protection,practice and foundation.Second,it is necessary to grasp whether the text content is appropriate and rectify any defects in the existing text.Third,it should explore how to reform and implement specific systems from the micro perspective to improve the specific systems of women’s personal,property,and social rights and interests.Fourth,it should strengthen the systematic interaction with other norms at different levels and implement the principle of gender equality stipulated in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China.Fifth,attention should be paid to the necessity of invoking the Law in judicial practice,the possibility of operation and the effectiveness of enforcement.The proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests should also sum up the experience of local legislation and judicial decisions and improve the quality of judicial application of the law so that is truly responds to the practical needs and challenges of the protection of women’s rights and interests and the implementation of gender equality in the new era.

Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests in Macao

1. Introduction With China＇s reform and opening up, great achievements have been witnessed by all of us in the protection of human rights, the basic pursuit of which is gen- der equality. Remarkable achievements have also been accomplished in the pro- tection of women＇s rights and interests. It has been 12 years since Macao＇s mann to its motherland. Over these years, Macao, under the framework of the ＂Basic Law＂ has successfully practiced the great concept of ＂one country, two systems,

China Keen to Protect Women’s Rights, Interests——An interview with Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairwoman of the All-China Women’s Federation

EDITOR＇S NOTE： Slated for September 2008, the Tenth National Congress of the Chinese Women will review the achievements the country has made over the past five years in promoting women＇s rights and interests and formulate the targets for the protection endeavor over the next five years. The five years since the Ninth National Congress of the Chinese Women have witnessed a constant improvement in the status of the Chinese women and in their human rights conditions. Following is a transcript of an interview given our staff reporters by Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairperson of the All-China Women＇s Federation （ACWF） and member of the ACWF Secretariat, on how women＇s rights and interests are protected in China.

Creating an Institutional Environment for Protecting the Rights and Interests of China’s Dispatched Labor

Employment is fundamental in improving the livelihood of the people and social security is the source ofhuman happiness. This is how the international community protects and improves basic human rights. It is also the policy China has adopted to achieve sustainable economic and social development. Furthermore, it is clear evidence of China＇s respect and protection of human rights.

Broad-based Network for Protecting the Rights and Interests of Women and Children——A story about the Women's Federation of Qinhuangdao City

The room is in utter chaos, with chairs piling up in a comer and the cable TV not connected to the power source. But one thing is put in place： a slogan on the wall ＂Creating an outstanding WFQ team for the benefit of all women and children.＂

A Judicial Empirical Study on the Principle of “the Best Interests of the Child”——From the Principles of National Conventions to the Building of Adjudication Norms

“The best interests of the child”is an essential principle of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.Due to the abstractness and ambiguity of this principle,its application is inevitably subject to the judge’s personality.Through empirical analysis,we can find that the judicial documents invoking the principle of“the best interests of the child”by Chinese courts show a significant increase in the number of disputes,types of disputes,and pronounced regional characteristics.The application of this principle by the courts is highly consistent with the judicial interpretative documents issued by the Supreme People’s Court.The invocation of this principle plays the role of interpreting the provisions of the law,the value basis for discretion,and the value orientation for shaping new rules in adjudication.At the same time,it is plagued by a lack of guidelines for the application of principles,invocations that serve the will of judges,and imperfect thinking in weighing the various factors involved.The application of this principle should be improved by setting normative standards for the principle of“the best interests of the child”,increasing case guidance for invoking the principle,and enhancing the professionalism of judges.

ST梅雁缘何成为大股东的“弃子”?——全流通时代大股东减持与中小投资者利益保护的案例研究

自限售股解禁以来，大股东减持成为市场各界人士关注的焦点问题。本文通过对sT梅雁大股东减持的案例分析，认为因前期股权分置导致的股权投资成本差异，使全流通时代大股东弃“壳”式的减持后果极为严重，其在本质上与大股东圈钱、掏空等行径一样，都是对中小股东利益的严重侵占。上市公司的股权结构、股权性质、董事会构成及财务状况可能是影响大股东减持的重要因素。当前监管部门有必要约束大股东的减持行为，以维护资本市场的稳定。

Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women

ContentsChapter Ⅰ General ProvisionsChapter Ⅱ Political RightsChaptet Ⅲ Rights and Interests Relating to Culture and EducationChapter Ⅳ Rights and Interests Relating to WorkChapter Ⅴ Rights and Interests Relating to PropertyChapter Ⅵ Rights Relating to the PersonChapter Ⅶ Rights and Interests Relating to Marriage and FamilyChapter Ⅷ Legal ResponsibilityChaptet Ⅸ Supplementary

SA8000标准与《中华人民共和国劳动法》比较分析

SA8000作为一个以保护劳工权益为内容的社会责任管理体系,从童工、强迫性劳动、健康与安全、 自由结社与集体谈判、平等就业、惩罚性措施、工作时间、工资薪酬、管理系统等九个方面给予企业规范性要 求。而《中华人民共和国劳动法》作为中国市场经济条件下保护劳动者权益的法律,对此也有明确规定。中国企 业应当按照《中华人民共和国劳动法》指引,完善企业劳动制度,才能应对SA8000标准的推行。

高校“非升即走”制度下教师权益保障困境及破解路径

随着“非升即走”成为我国高等学校教师聘任的主流制度,高校教师的权益保障问题在人事制度改革和相关立法中的重要性和紧迫性日益凸显。结合理论研究和司法实践来看,我国高校教师面临的权益保障困境主要表现为“学术青椒”的尴尬:在“非升即走”聘用合同签订前,高校教师的法律身份模糊;在签订合同时,高校教师的主体性尤其是平等参与权缺失;在履行合同中,高校教师权利救济渠道不畅。这些问题的主要原因在于“学术锦标赛”的异化:高校人事管理的相关法律内容模糊、高校办学自主权边界不清和“非升即走”制度的价值偏离。破解“非升即走”制度下高校教师权益保障的现实困境的关键在于学术生态的优化:国家层面应明确“非升即走”聘用合同是“具有行政要素的劳动合同”的法律属性,重构高校教师“兼具公权与私权性质的特殊劳动者”的法律身份,完善高校教师聘任的相关法律体系;高校层面应重塑“非升即走”的制度价值,充分发挥制度的激励和促进作用,完善“非升即走”制度内容及配套措施,健全教师权益保障机制。

科创板股票价格下跌风险问题研究

科创板的创立成为中国资本市场里程碑式的大事件。科创板旨在补齐我国资本市场服务科技创新的短板,为科技型企业提供了融资渠道和融资平台,但是近年来,很多科创板企业股票发行价格定价过高,股价破发的情况屡见不鲜,科创板股票总体价格不断下跌,根本原因就是市场把融资者和投资者的利益割裂开,股票市场不是零和游戏而是帕累托改进,充分关注投资者利益,可以有效避免科创板股票价格下跌风险。文章首先阐明了股票市场建立的初衷,其次说明了企业的股票发行应该是帕累托改进,接下来指出了科创板成立的意义与下跌风险问题,进而提出了相关的建议,为促进我国科创板市场的稳定与繁荣发展贡献力量。

新业态下最有利于未成年人原则的实现:以电竞酒店行业为例

在数字经济发展进程中,以电竞酒店为代表的新兴业态的出现使未成年人保护工作面临监管规则不一致、监管体系碎片化、网络沉迷治理不全面等问题。电竞酒店因其属性定位不明,且自身具备游戏、社交和住宿于一体的多重功能,极易引发未成年人网络沉迷等潜在风险,是新业态下未成年人保护工作重点关注的场所。将电竞酒店定性为不适宜未成年人活动的场所,是基于未成年人的主体地位对最有利于未成年人原则的准确适用,且未超出《未成年人保护法》中不适宜未成年人活动场所条款的等外范畴。针对因出入电竞酒店等新业态娱乐产业而沉迷其中的未成年人的保护工作,需要通过监管机关联动执法、公益诉讼与支持起诉、社会体系立体支持以及家校系统协作保障全方位开展,引导未成年人在安全、合法、符合道德规范的环境中使用数字化信息和工具,帮助因沉迷网络而辍学的未成年人回归校园。

农村宅基地流转的法律现状·缺陷及对策——以农民权益保护为视角

从用途限制、方式限制、对象限制及禁止抵押等4个方面对农村宅基地有关的现行法律规定进行梳理,发现现行法律规定的不足,如物权弱化、房地一体主义的理论困惑、土地管理法中的漏洞、对城镇居民购买宅基地的限制等。道出宅基地流转限制的危害,如会导致宅基地隐形交易;导致土地闲置、资源浪费;导致农民融资难;损害了土地所有者(农村集体经济组织)的利益等。提出建立宅基地流转的法定租赁模式作为农村宅基地流转问题的出路,具体说明了宅基地法定租赁模式的含义,从主体、客体、内容3方面阐述了宅基地法定租赁模式的具体内容,并明确了如何解决卖掉房屋的农民的居住问题,如何处理超标占用宅基地、如何分配宅基地租金、如何健全宅基地债权式流转相关的程序和手续等问题,以实现农村宅基地合法有效的流转,维护农民权益。

论消费者倾斜性保护的逻辑

消费者保护被普遍认可,但消费者保护立法的倾斜性原则却遭到质疑。倾斜性保护原则的成立有其历史必然性,是基于大工业、大行业时代提出的,旨在纠正社会经济生活中客观存在的实质不公平现象;有其社会基础,即由于在消费活动中消费者与经营者存在信息不对称、消费者明显的弱势地位,需要立法进行倾斜性权利配置,以维护正常的社会经济秩序。从一些先行工业化国家的立法来看,倾斜性保护的系列立法并没有损害企业的整体利益,更不会扭曲、破坏市场机制;我国的消费者保护立法实践也表明,倾斜性保护原则体现了现代社会公平价值和传统文化中的人本思想、彰显了消费者的消费尊严。

股权众筹视角下投资者权益保护法律问题研究

投资者权益保护是股权众筹中的核心问题。当前,投资者权益保护存在着投资理念缺位、法律规定缺失、监管体制乏力、征信系统疏漏的问题。通过考察并借鉴域外国家关于股权众筹立法、投资额度规制、监管制度及其他法律制度的有益经验,并结合股权众筹投资者权益保护在我国的发展实际提出了应对思路:一要确立投资审慎和适度理念;二要明确立法路线,推动股权众筹立法不断完善;三要理清监管思路,促进股权众筹监管不断增强;四要贯通征信系统,确保股权众筹征信不断成熟。以期明晰股权众筹投资的价值观念、塑造股权众筹投资的诚信环境、防范股权众筹投资的固有风险、完善股权众筹投资的制度建设,促进我国多层次资本市场稳步构建。

新形势下我国农村土地流转制度完善探讨

中国的问题是农民问题,农民的问题是土地问题。随着中国经济的快速发展,土地的合理配置和流转显得非常重要。完善我国农村土地流转制度对我国社会经济发展有很好的促进作用,但与此同时,我国农村土地流转也存在一系列的问题,并由此提出规范农村土地流转,加强农民权益保护的主要对策。

基于监管视角的中小投资者保护问题研究

保护投资者是证券监管的核心。我国新兴的资本市场尚未成熟发育,各种侵害投资者特别是中小投资者利益的行为还相当严重。本文对中小投资者利益侵害现象进行了分析,从监管视角对中小投资者利益侵害原因进行了探究,提出了完善顶层设计、修改相关法规、改善执法环境、加强监管执行力等保护中小投资者合法权益的建议。

证券市场先行赔付的理论疏解与规则进路

证券市场的先行赔付源于经济实践,是市场主体在利益平衡中探索出来的纠纷解决机制,有助于弥补司法行政救济之不足。作为替代性的制度安排,先行赔付本质上是一种诉讼外的和解,基于先行赔付人与投资者之间的自愿协商而达成。从已有的三个实例来看,先行赔付相关规则通过市场主体的认识更新不断形成与改进,既有值得肯定的做法,亦有值得商榷的问题。在《证券法》修订草案设立投资者保护专章的背景下,先行赔付的制度化有赖于公开公平、及时高效、合理适当三项原则的指导,并需要在主体、对象、资金、程序等多个方面进行具体的规则设计。