Protection and Utilization of Cultural Landscape in a Forest Park in Ethnic Minority Region ——With a Case of Zhangjiajie

Presently, more and more attention is paid to cultural landscapes by peo-ple at travel ing, especial y for folk culture in ethnic minority regions where rich hu-man landscapes could be ful y made use of to improve landscape quality. In the research, cultural landscapes in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park were surveyed and evaluated to analyze characters of cultural utilization, as wel as problems existing in the Park. In addition, highlights were given to protection on cultural landscapes in a forest park construction, presentation of ethnic minority culture, and ful development of tourism products.

Protection of Minority Linguistic Rights from the Perspective of Human Rights

The protection of minority rights and the construction of a multi-ethnic country are two aspects of the same historical process. Language is one of the most prominent characteristics and symbols of an ethnic group. The diversity of languages is also the common wealth of the entire human race. Linguistic rights are an important part of the cultural rights of ethnic minorities. Recognizing and guaranteeing the rights of ethnic minorities to live, study, and work and to enjoy and develop their own culture and language is the significant contents of their rights. The Chinese government has always attached importance to the protection of cultural rights and other rights of ethnic minorities, including language rights. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, the National Regional Autonomy Law, and other laws and regulations as well as the National Human Rights Action Plan of China and other policy documents all have relevant provisions, which help to form a harmonious and diverse multi-ethnic development pattern.

Corporate Governance Intelligence： Minority Shareholder＇s Aspects （Evidence From Ukraine）

The paper is devoted to the corporate governance intelligence system investigation as the part of the complex stakeholder-related approach to the corporate strategic intelligence system （CSIS）. The special attention is given to the minority shareholders activism in the system of corporate governance. Some existing methods of abusing minority shareholders rights, made by joint-stock companies executives, are generalized. The recommendations for minority shareholder＇s rights protection are given. The necessity for the implementation of the stakeholders-oriented approach for the CSIS creation on the base of companies＇ security principles is substantiated.

Achievements Outstanding In Protecting Minors——Report on enforcement of Law on the Protection of Minors (excerpts)

The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Minors and the Law ofthe People's Republic of China on the Prevention of Juvenile Crimes were passed on September 4, 1991 and June 28,1999 and came into force on January 1, 1992 and November 1, 1999. Over the past decades, China has scoredoutstanding achievements in implementing the two laws. In order to strengthen supervision of the implementationof the two laws and better protect the lawful rights and interests of the under-aged, the National People's CongressStanding Committee set up a Law Enforcement Check Group in July 2003, which carried out a nationwidecheck of the implementation of the two laws. On August 25, NPC Vice-Chairperson Gu Xiulian reported on theresult of the check to the fourth meeting of the Tenth NPC standing committee. She described the generalsituation in the implementation of the two laws as 'good' and also identified some problems and put forwardsome recommendations with regard to the enforcement and implementation of the two laws.The following are the excerpts of the report:

On China's Protection of Delinquent Minors'Rights

At the end of June 2011, China had 29 reformatories for delinquent minors, where 17,149 convicts aged 18 oryounger were serving their terms. These facilities have persistently followed the policy of ＂combining punishment with redemption, with redemption taken as the main objective＂ as well as a policy that calls for the integration of ＂educa- tion, persuasion and redemption＂ Good results have been achieved thanks to implementation of these policies, es- pecially since the People＇s Republic of China Law on the Protection of Minors was promulgated in September 1991.

Study on Spatial Strategies for Sustainable Development in Chinese Ethnic Minority Villages

The ethnic minority villages are mainly distributed in the areas far away from the central China. Although those villages are abundant with cultural landscape resources, they are economically underdeveloped. Taking the ethnic village space as the study subject, the article analyzes its ethnic, regional and marginal characteristics and proposes that villages should become the future livable space as the urbanization of ethnic areas instead of being squeezed and occupied in spatial pattern. In villages, the living space should implement protection first. Three strategies are put forward in the article, comprehensive, partial and genetic protection strategies. And the agricultural space should possess productive, ecological and aesthetic values instead of emphasizing production only.

Expropriation of Big Shareholders——Research Review on the Domestic Literature

It is tangible that big shareholders infringe the interests of small and medium shareholders in China's listed companies,and such behaviors of big shareholders influence not only the normal production and business operation of companies but also the sound development of the capital market. At the same time,the economic order of society is also disturbed. Therefore,expropriation of big shareholders shall be governed effectively in time. This paper tries to analyze related research findings on expropriation and make conclusion from three aspects—the ways of expropriation,economic consequences of expropriation and the management effects of expropriation,pointing out the limitation of present research and the direction for the future.

Protection of the Human Rights of Those Under Guardianship in the General Provisions of the Civil Law

Based on the guardianship system in the General Principles of the Civil Law, the General Provisions of the Civil Law establish the three concepts of respecting the true will of the ward, benefiting the ward to the greatest extent, and moderate intervention of public power in guardianship. The three concepts are embodied in the specific provisions of the guardianship system, highlighting respect for and protection of human rights under the spirit of the Constitution as well as the human rights concept of protecting the interests of this vulnerable group, improving the scope of protecting the human rights of minors, the disabled and the elderly in the Chinese guardianship system. The General Provisions of the Civil Law expand the functions and types of the guardianship system, enrich and perfect the guardianship system for minors, and clearly stipulate the conditions and means for disqualifying guardians, and arranging temporary custody and state custody. They expand the scope of guardianship for minors, respond to the reality of increasing guardianship needs and the aging of Chinese society, dovetail with the international community’s concept of respecting and safeguarding the rights of the elderly and adults with disabilities, and reflect the law moving with the times. The Specific Provisions on Marriage and Family under the General Provisions of the Civil Law now being compiled should refine and enrich the guardianship system under the framework of the guardianship system in the General Provisions, so that they become the rules of conduct that is practically feasible and enforceable in judgments.

Chinese Courts Protect Minor Citizens

China signed the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1990, and the National People＇s Congress, China＇s highest legislature, ratified it in 1992. In 1991, the Law of the People＇s Republic of China on Protection of Juveniles was promulgated, followed by publication of the law of the People＇s Republic of China on Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency. Acting in accordance with these and other laws, people＇s courts across the country have spared no effort to protect the minor citizens in the course of adjudication.

监管型小股东对股价同步性的影响研究

基于2016年2月中证中小投资者服务中心(简称投服中心)持股行权试点的研究场景,采用双重差分法考察投服中心对公司股价同步性的影响。研究发现:作为监管型小股东,投服中心持股行权降低了公司的股价同步性。进一步地,投服中心对股价同步性的影响在分析师关注度较低、媒体报道较少时更显著。机制检验显示,投服中心成立后上市公司的信息披露质量提高,管理层业绩预告质量改善,产生了信息效应;投服中心行权引起媒体和监管部门的关注,可减少大股东的利益侵占行为,提高中小股东参与股东大会的积极性,发挥出治理效应。

投服中心行权会影响企业劳动投资效率吗?——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

中证中小投资者服务中心(以下简称“投服中心”)推出的持股行权政策是资本市场的重要制度创新,为解决中小投资者保护难题提供了政策思路。基于2014—2020年中国A股上市公司数据,构建多期双重差分模型检验了投服中心行权对企业劳动投资效率的影响。研究发现,投服中心行权能够显著提升企业劳动投资效率。机制检验结果显示,投服中心行权通过降低信息不对称和缓解代理问题进而提升企业劳动投资效率。异质性分析结果表明,在劳动投资不足、治理水平较低的企业中,以及行权方式为专项行动、股东大会和网上行权时,投服中心行权对企业劳动投资效率的提升效应显著。进一步研究发现,投服中心行权通过提升劳动投资效率,提高了企业业绩和企业价值。因此,应充分发挥投服中心行权对企业劳动投资效率的提升作用,提高公司治理水平,以保护中小投资者合法权益。

“监督机制”还是“掏空行为”:超额聘任独立董事与企业环保投资

以2007—2021年沪深A股上市公司为研究对象,深入探究超额聘任独立董事对企业环保投资的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现:超额聘任独立董事对企业环保投资具有显著的促进作用,验证了超额聘任独立董事属于一种“监督机制”;超额聘任独立董事通过抑制管理层短视和大股东掏空行为来促进企业进行环保投资;在重污染行业、两职合一以及独立董事薪酬较低的企业中,超额聘任独立董事对企业环保投资的促进作用更显著。

未成年男性性权益的刑法保护——对我国《刑法》第236条之一的立法论思考

我国刑事立法对未成年男性的性权益保护存在不均衡、不完整情况。并且学界对于性侵未成年人犯罪的法益尚未达成共识,致使对未成年男性性权益的保护并不完整。基于未成年人的特殊身份以及以性别不同为基础的心理差异,家长主义应当介入未成年男性性权益的保护。根据平等原则以及儿童利益最大化原则的要求,加强未成年男性性权益的保护具有必要性。为实现对未成年男性性权益的周延保护,首先,应将身心健康作为被性侵未成年男性的首要法益;其次,应扩充负有照护职责人员性侵罪的犯罪对象,将男性也纳入本罪保护范围,并将年龄保护区间扩大至14周岁到18周岁;再次,还需增设负有照护职责人员猥亵罪,以完善对未成年男性的保护;最后,应强化未成年男性保护行政、刑事衔接,凝聚法治保护合力。

未成年人信息权利保障研究:内容、维度与实现路径

文章围绕未成年人信息权利保障,探究未成年人信息权利的内容、维度、制约因素、责任主体及实现路径等问题。基于文献检索及两轮筛选获得211篇中英文文献,采用系统性文献综述方法,对文献内容进行编码与文本分析。研究发现:未成年人被视为整体和细分群体,其信息权利包含信息获取、信息利用、信息安全、信息环境等7项;制约因素体现在政治经济、社会文化、个体生理心理3个方面;保障体系的构建需要政府、公共文化部门、企业、立法司法机关、家庭、学校等多责任主体的参与和协作。

平台视角下未成年人发展权与网络受保护权的平衡进路

信息时代,在兼顾未成年人网络受保护权的同时,保障未成年人的发展权是普及数字红利、推动未成年人社会化的重要举措。《未成年人网络保护条例》充分体现了未成年人发展权与网络受保护权平衡保护的理念,但未成年人“产品化”、未成年人网络产品和服务的单一化和低质化、未成年人网络环境的高风险化、未成年人社会形象的污名化与人格矮化等问题依然突出,平衡保护目标的实现存在诸多阻碍。为实现未成年人网络使用和保护的平衡,关键要牵住平台的“牛鼻子”。平台应秉持最有利于未成年人原则,坚持“内严外宽”的平衡进路,为未成年人营造出宽而不松的网络环境,并遵循普遍保护与特殊保护相结合、限制超量冗余和分级分龄保护的保护思路,构建起未成年人发展权与网络受保护权平衡保护的整体机制。

数字化转型、信息透明度与权益资本成本

本研究基于2009年至2021年中国上市公司数据,实证分析数字化转型对企业权益资本成本的影响。通过实证分析研究发现,企业数字化转型能够显著降低权益资本成本。进一步分析发现,信息透明度在企业数字化转型与权益资本成本之间起部分中介效应。通过研究数字化转型与权益资本成本的作用机制,为企业治理与合理配置资源提供借鉴。

未成年人个人信息保护的现实困境与路径优化

大数据时代,个人信息保护越来越为人们所关注。未成年人作为特殊主体,对其个人信息及隐私的保护具有重要现实价值。虽然我国已有了初步的立法规则构建,但是在实践中仍然存在对未成年人敏感信息的年龄划分界定不清、监护人同意规则不足、未成年人被遗忘权本土化的现实困境。结合域外国家最新立法及我国相关司法实践,以坚持最有利于未成年人原则为基础,需要对未成年人年龄标准进行三阶段界分、提出监护人同意规则的未来出路、完善我国未成年人被遗忘权保护制度,以此优化我国未成年人个人信息的法律保护。

犯罪附随后果准用制度的构建

在轻罪时代,犯罪附随后果的适用受到来自犯罪分子人身危险性普遍降低和附随后果内容缺乏合理性两方面的挑战。犯罪附随后果的预防功能和人权保障的价值归正,要求对犯罪附随后果的适用作进一步调整。犯罪附随后果准用制度的本质是严格控制犯罪附随后果的适用,其构建要以犯罪附随后果的内容优化为前提,以较大人身危险性的判断为核心,以合理的适用原则为准绳,以科学的程序设计与救济机制为保障。与前科消灭、犯罪记录封存和复权制度相比,犯罪附随后果准用制度有明确、保护和彻底三方面的优越性。

离婚诉讼中未成年子女受抚养真意的保护

未成年子女的受抚养真意是影响离婚诉讼中抚养权裁判的关键因素,保护未成年子女抚养权真意是贯彻“最有利于未成年子女”原则的核心要义。我国目前在保护离婚诉讼中未成年子女受抚养真意方面尚存在立法规范不完善、程序建构缺位、指导性判例欠缺等问题,给相关司法裁判带来诸多困境。强化离婚诉讼中未成年子女受抚养真意保护,应当从完善实体立法、健全程序规则、形成指导性案例等方面综合施策,以实现离婚诉讼抚养权裁判中“最有利于未成年子女”原则的真正落地。