Legislative Protection for Women's Rights and Interests after the Founding of the People's Republic of China

The process of legislative protection for women’s rights and interests of the new China can be divided into two phases: The first phase is from the establishment of the People’s Republic of China to the adoption of the policy of reform and opening up to the outside

Improvement of Legislation System of Protecting Women’s Rights and Interests in China——Taking the Amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests as an Opportunity

The Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests has been amended twice since it was promulgated 1992,and it has formed a relatively complete legislation system together with relevant laws and regulations,accumulating experience of judicial application in practice.In the current proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests,the main issues that should be considered are:First,the legislative purpose of this law should be reviewed to clarify the three legislative positions of the Law on Women’s Rights and interests,in terms of protection,practice and foundation.Second,it is necessary to grasp whether the text content is appropriate and rectify any defects in the existing text.Third,it should explore how to reform and implement specific systems from the micro perspective to improve the specific systems of women’s personal,property,and social rights and interests.Fourth,it should strengthen the systematic interaction with other norms at different levels and implement the principle of gender equality stipulated in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China.Fifth,attention should be paid to the necessity of invoking the Law in judicial practice,the possibility of operation and the effectiveness of enforcement.The proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests should also sum up the experience of local legislation and judicial decisions and improve the quality of judicial application of the law so that is truly responds to the practical needs and challenges of the protection of women’s rights and interests and the implementation of gender equality in the new era.

Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests in Macao

1. Introduction With China＇s reform and opening up, great achievements have been witnessed by all of us in the protection of human rights, the basic pursuit of which is gen- der equality. Remarkable achievements have also been accomplished in the pro- tection of women＇s rights and interests. It has been 12 years since Macao＇s mann to its motherland. Over these years, Macao, under the framework of the ＂Basic Law＂ has successfully practiced the great concept of ＂one country, two systems,

Constitutional Values of Protecting Human Rights of Disadvantaged Groups

The confrontation between the disadvantaged and advantaged groups is eternal throughout the competition for survival. But the human spiritual world has its humane aspect in addition to competition. The concern for and protection of the disadvantaged group is the moral law characteristic of humanity, just as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says in its Article 1： ＂All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.

China Keen to Protect Women’s Rights, Interests——An interview with Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairwoman of the All-China Women’s Federation

EDITOR＇S NOTE： Slated for September 2008, the Tenth National Congress of the Chinese Women will review the achievements the country has made over the past five years in promoting women＇s rights and interests and formulate the targets for the protection endeavor over the next five years. The five years since the Ninth National Congress of the Chinese Women have witnessed a constant improvement in the status of the Chinese women and in their human rights conditions. Following is a transcript of an interview given our staff reporters by Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairperson of the All-China Women＇s Federation （ACWF） and member of the ACWF Secretariat, on how women＇s rights and interests are protected in China.

Development of the Protection of the Rights of Specific Groups in China in the Recent Ten Years——Based on an Analysis of the Annual Report on China’s Human Rights

specific groups such as women,children,ethnic minorities,the elderly,and persons with disabilities are facing special difficulties in exercising their rights The protection of their rights is an important part of the development of China’s human rights cause The Annual Report on China’s Human Rights have outlined the tremendous achievements China has made in protecting the rights of specific groups over the past ten years It also reflects that all human rights actors have born fruitful results of innovation in values,legal systems,paths for practice,and international cooperation of rights protection,which will continue to inspire and en courage people to participate in the common cause of human rights protection.

Creating an Institutional Environment for Protecting the Rights and Interests of China’s Dispatched Labor

Employment is fundamental in improving the livelihood of the people and social security is the source ofhuman happiness. This is how the international community protects and improves basic human rights. It is also the policy China has adopted to achieve sustainable economic and social development. Furthermore, it is clear evidence of China＇s respect and protection of human rights.

Broad-based Network for Protecting the Rights and Interests of Women and Children——A story about the Women's Federation of Qinhuangdao City

The room is in utter chaos, with chairs piling up in a comer and the cable TV not connected to the power source. But one thing is put in place： a slogan on the wall ＂Creating an outstanding WFQ team for the benefit of all women and children.＂

A Judicial Empirical Study on the Principle of “the Best Interests of the Child”——From the Principles of National Conventions to the Building of Adjudication Norms

“The best interests of the child”is an essential principle of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.Due to the abstractness and ambiguity of this principle,its application is inevitably subject to the judge’s personality.Through empirical analysis,we can find that the judicial documents invoking the principle of“the best interests of the child”by Chinese courts show a significant increase in the number of disputes,types of disputes,and pronounced regional characteristics.The application of this principle by the courts is highly consistent with the judicial interpretative documents issued by the Supreme People’s Court.The invocation of this principle plays the role of interpreting the provisions of the law,the value basis for discretion,and the value orientation for shaping new rules in adjudication.At the same time,it is plagued by a lack of guidelines for the application of principles,invocations that serve the will of judges,and imperfect thinking in weighing the various factors involved.The application of this principle should be improved by setting normative standards for the principle of“the best interests of the child”,increasing case guidance for invoking the principle,and enhancing the professionalism of judges.

Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women

ContentsChapter Ⅰ General ProvisionsChapter Ⅱ Political RightsChaptet Ⅲ Rights and Interests Relating to Culture and EducationChapter Ⅳ Rights and Interests Relating to WorkChapter Ⅴ Rights and Interests Relating to PropertyChapter Ⅵ Rights Relating to the PersonChapter Ⅶ Rights and Interests Relating to Marriage and FamilyChapter Ⅷ Legal ResponsibilityChaptet Ⅸ Supplementary

高校“非升即走”制度下教师权益保障困境及破解路径

随着“非升即走”成为我国高等学校教师聘任的主流制度,高校教师的权益保障问题在人事制度改革和相关立法中的重要性和紧迫性日益凸显。结合理论研究和司法实践来看,我国高校教师面临的权益保障困境主要表现为“学术青椒”的尴尬:在“非升即走”聘用合同签订前,高校教师的法律身份模糊;在签订合同时,高校教师的主体性尤其是平等参与权缺失;在履行合同中,高校教师权利救济渠道不畅。这些问题的主要原因在于“学术锦标赛”的异化:高校人事管理的相关法律内容模糊、高校办学自主权边界不清和“非升即走”制度的价值偏离。破解“非升即走”制度下高校教师权益保障的现实困境的关键在于学术生态的优化:国家层面应明确“非升即走”聘用合同是“具有行政要素的劳动合同”的法律属性,重构高校教师“兼具公权与私权性质的特殊劳动者”的法律身份,完善高校教师聘任的相关法律体系;高校层面应重塑“非升即走”的制度价值,充分发挥制度的激励和促进作用,完善“非升即走”制度内容及配套措施,健全教师权益保障机制。

乡村弱势群体的数字服务权益保障

保障乡村弱势群体公平享受数字服务权益是值得研究的重点议题。研究以数字服务理论为分析框架,从对象、主体、内容、方式、保障五个维度出发,构建数字服务保障乡村弱势群体权益的发展路径。当前数字服务遵循服务弱势群体、政社企协同参与、个性化多元化服务、保障服务质量、发展性制度建设的实践逻辑,反映了数字服务提升数字素养、赋能技术交互、设计应用场景、协同多元主体、完善政策配套的内在机理。然而数字服务保障乡村弱势群体权益也存在对象定位不明确、主体结构不合理、内容应用不丰富、方式创新不健全、保障机制不充分的现实困境。为此,未来应通过明确对象定位、达成主体结构、完善内容应用、促进方式创新、健全保障机制等手段保障乡村弱势群体的权益,从而真正实现乡村高质量发展的目标。

培育数字素养:保障乡村“数字弱势群体”权利的策略选择

数字乡村战略的全面推进客观上对公民的数字素养提出更高要求,而缺乏数字素养会使部分成员在数字乡村建设中成为“数字弱势群体”。因此,如何培育数字素养,对乡村“数字弱势群体”的权利加以保障,已成为数字时代发展的必要条件。基于数字素养理论,当前乡村“数字弱势群体”培育数字素养遵循着营造空间载体、提供要素支撑、表达能力诉求、促进传播交流的运作逻辑。然而,培育数字素养并不能一蹴而就,仍面临着获取信息方式单一、开展数字互动交流短缺、数字内容呈现不够丰富、数字安全的思维能力不足等现实困境。究其原因,是由于数字鸿沟持续扩大、数字信息的安全风险、社会刻板印象的存在和基础能力长期限制的共同作用所导致的。因此,未来需通过制定数字框架、吸纳社会资本、加强数字教育、研发技术设备、营造包容环境等策略培育乡村“数字弱势群体”的数字素养,从而保障乡村“数字弱势群体”在数字时代生存和发展的权利。

SA8000标准与《中华人民共和国劳动法》比较分析

SA8000作为一个以保护劳工权益为内容的社会责任管理体系,从童工、强迫性劳动、健康与安全、 自由结社与集体谈判、平等就业、惩罚性措施、工作时间、工资薪酬、管理系统等九个方面给予企业规范性要 求。而《中华人民共和国劳动法》作为中国市场经济条件下保护劳动者权益的法律,对此也有明确规定。中国企 业应当按照《中华人民共和国劳动法》指引,完善企业劳动制度,才能应对SA8000标准的推行。

乡村数字能力障碍群体权利保障的策略选择研究--基于从“数字排斥”到“数字赋能”的转变视角

跨越数字鸿沟和保护“数字弱势群体”是当前中国数字乡村建设面临的重要议题,迫切需要引起更多学者的重点关注和深入研究。基于此,本研究从“数字排斥”转为“数字赋能”视角切入,尝试构建“数字赋能”驱动乡村数字弱势群体权利保障的理论框架,化解其面临的数字鸿沟问题,最终实现乡村社会的振兴发展。研究发现,当前乡村数字弱势群体权利侵害的症结主要在于数字排斥的影响,具体表现为政治因素的制度排斥、发展因素的技术排斥、组织因素的社会排斥以及文化因素的环境排斥。在乡村振兴时代倡导数字赋能是乡村数字弱势群体权利保障的内生需求与大势所趋。在具体策略层面,应从个体赋能层面增强自我发展能力、从家庭赋能层面构建社会保障网络、从社会赋能层面提高社会支持效能、从政府赋能层面完善顶层制度设计,以此保障乡村数字弱势群体的合法权利,促进乡村社会的高质量发展。

弱势群体权利保护国际立法初探

就弱势群体的生存现状、法律的发展演进、各国立法与研究现状进行了较全面的介绍之后 ,深入分析了弱势群体权利保护所面临的问题和法律发展趋势 ,以期能引起人们对弱势群体权利保护状况的关注与重视 ,并努力改善之。作者指出 ,某些民族和宗教的固有传统由于与现代人权观念相冲突而成为改善弱势群体人权状况的最大障碍之一。文章最后深刻指出了弱势群体权利保护的三个发展趋势 ,即对弱势群体权利保护的加强、相关法律的趋同化、国际社会本位观念的贯彻执行。

论消费者倾斜性保护的逻辑

消费者保护被普遍认可,但消费者保护立法的倾斜性原则却遭到质疑。倾斜性保护原则的成立有其历史必然性,是基于大工业、大行业时代提出的,旨在纠正社会经济生活中客观存在的实质不公平现象;有其社会基础,即由于在消费活动中消费者与经营者存在信息不对称、消费者明显的弱势地位,需要立法进行倾斜性权利配置,以维护正常的社会经济秩序。从一些先行工业化国家的立法来看,倾斜性保护的系列立法并没有损害企业的整体利益,更不会扭曲、破坏市场机制;我国的消费者保护立法实践也表明,倾斜性保护原则体现了现代社会公平价值和传统文化中的人本思想、彰显了消费者的消费尊严。

新形势下我国农村土地流转制度完善探讨

中国的问题是农民问题,农民的问题是土地问题。随着中国经济的快速发展,土地的合理配置和流转显得非常重要。完善我国农村土地流转制度对我国社会经济发展有很好的促进作用,但与此同时,我国农村土地流转也存在一系列的问题,并由此提出规范农村土地流转,加强农民权益保护的主要对策。

从环境权到国家环境保护义务和环境公益诉讼

综合性的环境法律应以规范政府环境行为为主,从确认公众(主要是自然人)的环境权出发,规定国家的环境保护义务和环境公益诉讼制度;应明确"传统环境侵权责任、传统环境民事诉讼、传统行政诉讼"与"新型环境侵权责任、新型环境公益民事诉讼、新型环境公益行政诉讼"的联系与区别,明确"环境利益"、"环境损害"和"环境损害责任"的概念。环境权是维护公众环境利益的法律基础和依据;损害作为公众共用物的环境,就是侵犯公众的环境利益,就是侵犯公众的环境权;环境公益诉讼是因侵犯环境权而引起的诉讼,是对受到侵犯的环境权进行救济的主要途径;公民为了维护其环境权而提起环境公益诉讼,就是为了保护作为公众共用物的环境而提起诉讼。