A response surface method was employed to study the effect of α-amylase concentration, hydrolysis temperature and time on the production of high protein glutinous rice flour(HPGRF). The suspension of glutinous rice f...A response surface method was employed to study the effect of α-amylase concentration, hydrolysis temperature and time on the production of high protein glutinous rice flour(HPGRF). The suspension of glutinous rice flour(15%) that contained 6.52% protein was gelatinized and subsequently hydrolyzed by thermostable α-amylase. The hydrolysis yielded 0.144–0.222 g/g HPGRF with 29.4%–45.4% protein content. Hydrolysis time exerted a significant effect, while enzyme concentration and hydrolysis temperature showed insignificant effect on the protein content and production yield of HPGRF. The result of response surface method showed that the optimum condition for the production of HPGRF that contained at least 36% protein was treating gelatinized 15% glutinous rice flour suspension with 0.90 Kilo Novo α-amylase Unit(KNU)/g α-amylase at 80 oC for 99 min. By carrying out the predicted hydrolysis condition, HPGRF with 35.9% protein and 61.8% carbohydrates was resulted. The process yielded 0.172 g/g HPGRF. HPGRF contained higher amount of essential amino acids compared to glutinous rice flour. HPGRF had higher solubility and lower swelling power, and also showed no pasting peak compared with glutinous rice flour.展开更多
为优选小麦粉蛋白质近红外建模校正集,在传统K/S(Kennard/Stone)方法划分的初始校正集基础上采用二进制蜻蜓算法(binary dragonfly algorithm,BDA)挑选代表性样品,建立小麦粉蛋白质含量偏最小二乘回归(partial least square regression,...为优选小麦粉蛋白质近红外建模校正集,在传统K/S(Kennard/Stone)方法划分的初始校正集基础上采用二进制蜻蜓算法(binary dragonfly algorithm,BDA)挑选代表性样品,建立小麦粉蛋白质含量偏最小二乘回归(partial least square regression,PLSR)模型,并用预测集检验评估模型的稳定性及预测性能。结果表明:BDA挑选出的最佳校正集样品数量为30个,所建模型的预测决定系数(R_(p)^(2))为0.9564,预测标准偏差(root mean square errors of prediction,RMSEP)为0.2781,与传统K/S划分的100个初始校正集的建模效果(R_(p)^(2):0.9388,RMSEP:0.3294)相比,R_(p)^(2)提高了1.87%,RMSEP降低了15.57%。10次BDA实验优选出校正集的平均数量为30.2个,且所建10个模型蛋白质含量预测效果均优于初始校正集建模。综上,BDA算法可以优选出数量少、具有代表性的校正集样品,建立的小麦粉蛋白质PLSR模型稳定性好、预测精度高,可为小麦粉品质近红外检测分析提供一种高效的校正集优选方法。展开更多
The effects of protein characteristics and the proportion of gluten on end-use quality in 13 Korean wheat cultivars for three years were verified in this study. Year, cultivar, and the interaction between the year and...The effects of protein characteristics and the proportion of gluten on end-use quality in 13 Korean wheat cultivars for three years were verified in this study. Year, cultivar, and the interaction between the year and the cultivar influenced protein characteristics, the proportion of gluten except for γ-and ω-gliadin using RP-HPLC(reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography), and end-use quality. Protein characteristics and the proportion of gluten in Korean wheat cultivars were between those of Australian standard white(ASW) and hard wheat(AH). Korean wheat cultivars exhibited a higher average α+β gliadin proportion than imported wheat, a γ-gliadin proportion similar to that of dark northern spring wheat, and the same ω-gliadin proportion as AH. They showed a bread-loaf volume intermediate between those of ASW and AH and a texture of cooked noodles similar to that of soft white wheat, but less springiness than imported wheat. The cookie diameter of Korean wheat cultivars was similar to that of hard red winter wheat. There was a correlation between bread-loaf volume and protein characteristics, except for the protein content in Korean wheat cultivars. Springiness and cohesiveness of cooked noodles were not correlated with protein characteristics, while hardness was correlated with the protein content and water absorption of a mixograph. Cookie diameter was negatively correlated with the sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) sedimentation volume and water absorption of a mixograph. The end-use quality was not correlated with any proportion of gluten composition. Principal component analysis(PCA) showed that the proportion of gluten was not related to the quality of the bread(both PCs, 81.3%), noodle(77.7%), and cookie(82.4%). PCA explained that Keumkang is suitable for superior bread, while Uri is good for cooked noodles and cookies.展开更多
In recent years, there has been an increase in demand of gluten free products that are suitable for people with celiac disease. The present study was carried out to produce gluten free flat bread and biscuits with goo...In recent years, there has been an increase in demand of gluten free products that are suitable for people with celiac disease. The present study was carried out to produce gluten free flat bread and biscuits with good quality. The ingredients under this study were cassava flour, rice flour, extruded soy protein (ESP) and pumpkin powder. Four levels of ESP were used for production of flat bread and biscuits: 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% for flat bread and 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% levels for biscuits. Results of flat bread samples showed that protein, fat, ash and fiber contents increased in all samples as increasing the level of ESP. Flat bread at level 10% ESP had the highest value of β-carotene. Alkaline water retention capacity (AWRC) at zero time and 24 h of flat bread storage had high values for levels 2.5% and 5% ESP. Water holding capacity (WHC) increased insignificantly by increasing the level of ESP. Color measurements revealed that the lightness decreased and the redness increased with increasing the level of ESP. Sensory evaluation of flat bread revealed that 2.5% followed by 5% ESP level had high score of overall acceptability. Physical properties of biscuits indicated that as the level of ESP increased the diameter, thickness, volume and specific volume decreased. Biscuits sample with 20% ESP had the highest values of protein, fat, ash and fiber but the lowest in total carbohydrates. Also β-carotene and vitamin A content increased in biscuit samples. Caloric values of biscuits in all treated samples were lower than control. Lightness decreased while redness increased with increasing the level of ESP. Data of texture profile analysis (TPA) showed that hardness and adhesiveness (g) increased as ESP level increased. Sensory evaluation of biscuits showed that addition of ESP at 20% level decreased significantly texture score from 9.51 to 6.61 (P < 0.05) but insignificantly affected the other sensory scores.展开更多
本实验采用外源蛋白添加和挤压相结合的技术通过增强混合体系内部的凝胶结构来改善大米粉面条弹韧性差、断条严重等问题。向大米粉中添加大豆分离蛋白(Soybean Protein Isolate,SPI)并经过挤压膨化处理制备混合米粉,选择SPI添加量、水...本实验采用外源蛋白添加和挤压相结合的技术通过增强混合体系内部的凝胶结构来改善大米粉面条弹韧性差、断条严重等问题。向大米粉中添加大豆分离蛋白(Soybean Protein Isolate,SPI)并经过挤压膨化处理制备混合米粉,选择SPI添加量、水分含量和挤压温度3个因素,以糊化特性和吸水性指数为指标优化混合米粉的最佳工艺,并对米面条的品质进行评价。各因素对混合米粉制备工艺的影响顺序:SPI添加量>水分含量>挤压温度,最佳工艺条件为SPI添加量10.23%(以400 g大米粉为基准)、水分含量25%和挤压温度133℃。将最优条件下制备的混合米粉与大米粉的吸水性指数、糊化特性和傅里叶红外光谱进行比较,表明混合米粉的吸水性指数远高于大米粉,糊化特性和短程有序程度均低于大米粉。混合米粉面条与大米粉面条相比干物质损失率和断条率有所下降,吸水率、感官评分、硬度、弹性和咀嚼性均升高。添加SPI的大米粉经挤压后制得混合米粉的吸水性和回生特性均有所改善,制作的混合米粉面条的蒸煮特性及感官品质较大米粉面条有显著的提升,不仅提高了大米粉的经济价值又利于促进稻米产业链的延伸,而且拓宽了以大米粉为原料的米制品在主食方面的应用范围。展开更多
为改善小麦加工品质,以新收获小麦为研究对象,对其进行辉光放电冷等离子体处理,研究处理后小麦面粉理化特性、面团流变学特性的变化,进一步分析蛋白质分子质量分布及二级结构。结果表明,两种气源(氧气/氩气)冷等离子体处理后小麦的面筋...为改善小麦加工品质,以新收获小麦为研究对象,对其进行辉光放电冷等离子体处理,研究处理后小麦面粉理化特性、面团流变学特性的变化,进一步分析蛋白质分子质量分布及二级结构。结果表明,两种气源(氧气/氩气)冷等离子体处理后小麦的面筋指数均显著增加(P<0.05);面团的形成时间、稳定时间有所提高;揉混特性参数中8 min中线曲线面积(midline integral at 8 min,MTxI)、8 min中线曲线带宽(midline width at 8 min,MTxW)显著增加(P<0.05),弱化斜率(weakeningslope,WS)显著降低(P<0.05);储藏蛋白组分中大分子聚合体蛋白(F1)相对含量有所增加,大分子聚合体蛋白与小分子聚合体蛋白相对含量比值(F1/F2)显著升高(P<0.05);蛋白二级结构β-折叠、β-转角向更为有序的蛋白结构分子间β-折叠转变。综上,辉光放电冷等离子体处理改变了小麦籽粒中储藏蛋白的分子质量分布及二级结构,明显增强了面团弹性、耐揉性并提高了面团抗拉伸特性,一定程度改善了小麦加工品质。展开更多
文摘A response surface method was employed to study the effect of α-amylase concentration, hydrolysis temperature and time on the production of high protein glutinous rice flour(HPGRF). The suspension of glutinous rice flour(15%) that contained 6.52% protein was gelatinized and subsequently hydrolyzed by thermostable α-amylase. The hydrolysis yielded 0.144–0.222 g/g HPGRF with 29.4%–45.4% protein content. Hydrolysis time exerted a significant effect, while enzyme concentration and hydrolysis temperature showed insignificant effect on the protein content and production yield of HPGRF. The result of response surface method showed that the optimum condition for the production of HPGRF that contained at least 36% protein was treating gelatinized 15% glutinous rice flour suspension with 0.90 Kilo Novo α-amylase Unit(KNU)/g α-amylase at 80 oC for 99 min. By carrying out the predicted hydrolysis condition, HPGRF with 35.9% protein and 61.8% carbohydrates was resulted. The process yielded 0.172 g/g HPGRF. HPGRF contained higher amount of essential amino acids compared to glutinous rice flour. HPGRF had higher solubility and lower swelling power, and also showed no pasting peak compared with glutinous rice flour.
文摘为优选小麦粉蛋白质近红外建模校正集,在传统K/S(Kennard/Stone)方法划分的初始校正集基础上采用二进制蜻蜓算法(binary dragonfly algorithm,BDA)挑选代表性样品,建立小麦粉蛋白质含量偏最小二乘回归(partial least square regression,PLSR)模型,并用预测集检验评估模型的稳定性及预测性能。结果表明:BDA挑选出的最佳校正集样品数量为30个,所建模型的预测决定系数(R_(p)^(2))为0.9564,预测标准偏差(root mean square errors of prediction,RMSEP)为0.2781,与传统K/S划分的100个初始校正集的建模效果(R_(p)^(2):0.9388,RMSEP:0.3294)相比,R_(p)^(2)提高了1.87%,RMSEP降低了15.57%。10次BDA实验优选出校正集的平均数量为30.2个,且所建10个模型蛋白质含量预测效果均优于初始校正集建模。综上,BDA算法可以优选出数量少、具有代表性的校正集样品,建立的小麦粉蛋白质PLSR模型稳定性好、预测精度高,可为小麦粉品质近红外检测分析提供一种高效的校正集优选方法。
基金the support of Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project title: Establishment of quality criteria for high uniformity in end-use of Korean wheat cultivars, PJ011009), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea
文摘The effects of protein characteristics and the proportion of gluten on end-use quality in 13 Korean wheat cultivars for three years were verified in this study. Year, cultivar, and the interaction between the year and the cultivar influenced protein characteristics, the proportion of gluten except for γ-and ω-gliadin using RP-HPLC(reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography), and end-use quality. Protein characteristics and the proportion of gluten in Korean wheat cultivars were between those of Australian standard white(ASW) and hard wheat(AH). Korean wheat cultivars exhibited a higher average α+β gliadin proportion than imported wheat, a γ-gliadin proportion similar to that of dark northern spring wheat, and the same ω-gliadin proportion as AH. They showed a bread-loaf volume intermediate between those of ASW and AH and a texture of cooked noodles similar to that of soft white wheat, but less springiness than imported wheat. The cookie diameter of Korean wheat cultivars was similar to that of hard red winter wheat. There was a correlation between bread-loaf volume and protein characteristics, except for the protein content in Korean wheat cultivars. Springiness and cohesiveness of cooked noodles were not correlated with protein characteristics, while hardness was correlated with the protein content and water absorption of a mixograph. Cookie diameter was negatively correlated with the sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) sedimentation volume and water absorption of a mixograph. The end-use quality was not correlated with any proportion of gluten composition. Principal component analysis(PCA) showed that the proportion of gluten was not related to the quality of the bread(both PCs, 81.3%), noodle(77.7%), and cookie(82.4%). PCA explained that Keumkang is suitable for superior bread, while Uri is good for cooked noodles and cookies.
文摘In recent years, there has been an increase in demand of gluten free products that are suitable for people with celiac disease. The present study was carried out to produce gluten free flat bread and biscuits with good quality. The ingredients under this study were cassava flour, rice flour, extruded soy protein (ESP) and pumpkin powder. Four levels of ESP were used for production of flat bread and biscuits: 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% for flat bread and 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% levels for biscuits. Results of flat bread samples showed that protein, fat, ash and fiber contents increased in all samples as increasing the level of ESP. Flat bread at level 10% ESP had the highest value of β-carotene. Alkaline water retention capacity (AWRC) at zero time and 24 h of flat bread storage had high values for levels 2.5% and 5% ESP. Water holding capacity (WHC) increased insignificantly by increasing the level of ESP. Color measurements revealed that the lightness decreased and the redness increased with increasing the level of ESP. Sensory evaluation of flat bread revealed that 2.5% followed by 5% ESP level had high score of overall acceptability. Physical properties of biscuits indicated that as the level of ESP increased the diameter, thickness, volume and specific volume decreased. Biscuits sample with 20% ESP had the highest values of protein, fat, ash and fiber but the lowest in total carbohydrates. Also β-carotene and vitamin A content increased in biscuit samples. Caloric values of biscuits in all treated samples were lower than control. Lightness decreased while redness increased with increasing the level of ESP. Data of texture profile analysis (TPA) showed that hardness and adhesiveness (g) increased as ESP level increased. Sensory evaluation of biscuits showed that addition of ESP at 20% level decreased significantly texture score from 9.51 to 6.61 (P < 0.05) but insignificantly affected the other sensory scores.
文摘本实验采用外源蛋白添加和挤压相结合的技术通过增强混合体系内部的凝胶结构来改善大米粉面条弹韧性差、断条严重等问题。向大米粉中添加大豆分离蛋白(Soybean Protein Isolate,SPI)并经过挤压膨化处理制备混合米粉,选择SPI添加量、水分含量和挤压温度3个因素,以糊化特性和吸水性指数为指标优化混合米粉的最佳工艺,并对米面条的品质进行评价。各因素对混合米粉制备工艺的影响顺序:SPI添加量>水分含量>挤压温度,最佳工艺条件为SPI添加量10.23%(以400 g大米粉为基准)、水分含量25%和挤压温度133℃。将最优条件下制备的混合米粉与大米粉的吸水性指数、糊化特性和傅里叶红外光谱进行比较,表明混合米粉的吸水性指数远高于大米粉,糊化特性和短程有序程度均低于大米粉。混合米粉面条与大米粉面条相比干物质损失率和断条率有所下降,吸水率、感官评分、硬度、弹性和咀嚼性均升高。添加SPI的大米粉经挤压后制得混合米粉的吸水性和回生特性均有所改善,制作的混合米粉面条的蒸煮特性及感官品质较大米粉面条有显著的提升,不仅提高了大米粉的经济价值又利于促进稻米产业链的延伸,而且拓宽了以大米粉为原料的米制品在主食方面的应用范围。
文摘为改善小麦加工品质,以新收获小麦为研究对象,对其进行辉光放电冷等离子体处理,研究处理后小麦面粉理化特性、面团流变学特性的变化,进一步分析蛋白质分子质量分布及二级结构。结果表明,两种气源(氧气/氩气)冷等离子体处理后小麦的面筋指数均显著增加(P<0.05);面团的形成时间、稳定时间有所提高;揉混特性参数中8 min中线曲线面积(midline integral at 8 min,MTxI)、8 min中线曲线带宽(midline width at 8 min,MTxW)显著增加(P<0.05),弱化斜率(weakeningslope,WS)显著降低(P<0.05);储藏蛋白组分中大分子聚合体蛋白(F1)相对含量有所增加,大分子聚合体蛋白与小分子聚合体蛋白相对含量比值(F1/F2)显著升高(P<0.05);蛋白二级结构β-折叠、β-转角向更为有序的蛋白结构分子间β-折叠转变。综上,辉光放电冷等离子体处理改变了小麦籽粒中储藏蛋白的分子质量分布及二级结构,明显增强了面团弹性、耐揉性并提高了面团抗拉伸特性,一定程度改善了小麦加工品质。