Estimation of Digestible Energy Values of Plant Protein Supplement in Pig

[Objective] The aim of the study was to establish the effective and accurate formulas for estimating the digestible energy （DE） values of plant protein supplement in pig. [Method] By difference method with different amount of alternative feeds （20% -50%）, two4 x4 Latin- square-designed trials were taken on eight castrated male pigs [ Yorkshire x Landrace x Neijiang pig, initial body-weight： （46 ±2） kg ] to deter- mine the apparent digestible energy （ADE） of the eight kinds of plant protein supplement commonly used in China, that is, corn gluten meal （sol.）, soybean meal （ sol. ）, fababean, pea, rapeseed meal （ sol. ）, sesame meal （ sol. ）, rapeseed meal （ exp. ） and cotton seed meal （sol.）. [Resultl （1） Fiber was the most important factor to estimate the ADE of plant protein supplement in pigs, and ADF was the best one. （2） The most effective equations were as below： （ 1 ） OE （kJ/kg DM） = 14 741.86 - 185.01ADF＋54.01SCHO＋22.45CP （ R =0.988,RSD= 67.9,P〈0.01 ） ; （2） DE （kJ/kg DM） =22 223.26 -209.58ADF＋26.79SCHO-1.09GE （ Ff =0.989,RSD=66.9, P〈0.01 ） . [Conclusion] The accurate, practical and specific regression equations were established for DE prediction of plant protein supplement in pig.

Effect of Rice Bran Quality and Protein Supplement, Base Mix, and/or Soybean Meal on Growing Pig Performance in Cambodia

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of rice bran quality and dietary supplement source on growing pig performance. A total of 60 castrated male pigs (Yorkshire × Duroc, initially 16.1 kg) were used for 52-day trial. Pigs were allotted to pens in a completely randomized design (4 pigs per pen) and assigned to four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial with factors being rice bran source (high or low-quality) and source of protein, vitamins, and minerals (supplement or soybean meal and base mix). Analyzed protein and fat level for the high- and low-quality rice bran was 11.07% and 5.86% and 11.20% and 4.50%, respectively. Crude fiber content for high- and low-quality rice bran was 13.44% and 27.79%. Diets were formulated in two phases (phase 1: 16 to 27 and phase 2: 27 to 48 kg) to adjust to the pig’s nutrient requirements. There was no evidence for an interaction (P > 0.05) between rice bran quality × supplement type or main effect of supplement type (soybean meal + base mix vs protein supplement) for final body weight, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed efficiency (F/G). However, pigs fed high-quality rice bran had improved (P < 0.001) ADG and F/G and lower ADFI compared to pigs fed low protein rice bran. In conclusion, rice bran quality as measured by protein, crude fiber, and fat influenced growing pig performance, while the type of dietary protein supplement did not. Additionally, rice bran with high protein, fat, and low fiber improved ADG and F/G.

Benefits of post-operative oral protein supplementation in gastrointestinal surgery patients: A systematic review of clinical trials

AIM: To evaluate published trials examining oral postoperative protein supplementation in patients having undergone gastrointestinal surgery and assessment of reported results.METHODS: Database searches(MEDLINE, BIOSIS, EMBASE, Cochrane Trials, Cinahl, and CAB), searches of reference lists of relevant papers, and expert referral were used to identify prospective randomized controlled clinical trials. The following terms were used to locate articles: "oral'' or "enteral'' and "postoperative care'' or "post-surgical'' and "proteins' ' or "milk proteins' ' or "dietary proteins' ' or "dietary supplements' ' or "nutritional supplements' '. In databases that allowed added limitations, results were limited to clinical trials that studied humans, and publications between 1990 and 2014. Quality of collated studies was evaluated using a qualitative assessment tool and the collective results interpreted.RESULTS: Searches identified 629 papers of which, following review, 7 were deemed eligible for qualitative evaluation. Protein supplementation does not appear to affect mortality but does reduce weight loss, and improve nutritional status. Reduction in grip strength deterioration was observed in a majority of studies, and approximately half of the studies described reduced complication rates. No changes in duration of hospital stay or plasma protein levels were reported. There is evidence to suggest that protein supplementation should be routinely provided post-operatively to this population. However, despite comprehensive searches, clinical trials that varied only the amount of protein provided via oral nutritional supplements(discrete from other nutritionalcomponents) were not found. At present, there is some evidence to support routinely prescribed oral nutritional supplements that contain protein for gastrointestinal surgery patients in the immediate post-operative stage.CONCLUSION: The optimal level of protein supplementation required to maximise recovery in gastrointestinal surgery patients is effectively unknown, and may warrant further study.

Influence of early weaning beef cows on the performance of male progeny and the need for winter protein supplementation

One hundred and three Hereford × Angus crossbred, spring-calving cows were used to determine the influence of early weaning performance of their male progeny and the need for cowherd winter supplementation. Treatments were early weaned (EW;115-d of age) and normal weaned calves (NW;220-d of age). Both intact and castrated male progeny were randomly allotted to early and normal weaning calf management treatments. Following summer grazing and weaning protocols, cows within each weaning group were randomly assigned to receive winter supplementation treatments of LOW (1.26 kg/hd/d) or HIGH (1.81 kg/hd/d) amounts of a protein supplement containing 450 g/kg CP (DM basis). Cows whose calves were weaned early gained more BW and BCS (P P P P = 0.04) BCS but similar (P = 0.74) BW when compared with cows with normally weaned calves that received 100% of their supplement (NWHIGH). Early weaning has the potential to reduce the amount of supplement required during the winter grazing period.

Post-operative protein supplementation following orthopaedic surgery: A systematic review

Decreased mechanical loading after orthopaedic surgery predisposes patients to develop muscle atrophy.The purpose of this review was to assess whether the evidence supports oral protein supplementation can help decrease postoperative muscle atrophy and/or improve patient outcomes following orthopaedic surgery.A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalysis(PRISMA).PubMed(MEDLINE),Embase,Scopus,and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials that assessed protein or amino acid supplementation in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery.Two investigators independently conducted the search using relevant Boolean operations.Primary outcomes included functional or physiologic measures of muscle atrophy or strength.Fourteen studies including 611 patients(224 males,387 females)were analyzed.Three studies evaluated protein supplementation after ACL reconstruction(ACLR),3 after total hip arthroplasty(THA),5 after total knee arthroplasty(TKA),and 3 after surgical treatment of hip fracture.Protein supplementation showed beneficial effects across all types of surgery.The primary benefit was a decrease in muscle atrophy compared to placebo as measured by muscle cross sectional area.Multiple authors also demonstrated improved functional measures and quicker achievement of rehabilitation benchmarks.Protein supplementation has beneficial effects on mitigating muscle atrophy in the postoperative period following ACLR,THA,TKA,and surgical treatment of hip fracture.These effects often correlate with improved functional measures and quicker achievement of rehabilitation benchmarks.Further research is needed to evaluate long-term effects of protein supplementation and to establish standardized population-specific regimens that maximize treatment efficacy in the postoperative period.

Effects of temperature and particle size on the thermophysical properties of six plant-origin protein supplements

Reasonable design of the parameters of thermal processing such as conditioning and cooling according to formula changes of pelleted feeds has always been a serious challenge for Chinese feed mills and feed equipment manufacturers. Studying the thermophysical properties of different protein feeds under different temperatures and particle sizes will facilitate the equipment design, parameter optimization, and simulation for the thermal processing of pelleted feeds. In this study, the specific heat (Cp), thermal conductivity (kb), and thermal diffusivity (α) of six plant protein supplements with three particle sizes were determined over a temperature range of 25℃-100℃. The differences in Cp, kb, and α among different feedstuffs and particle sizes were analyzed and the influences of temperature and particle size on these properties were evaluated. Results showed that the Cp, kb, and α of all the feedstuffs increased with increasing temperature and varied from 1.622 to 2.417 kJ/(kg∙℃), 0.080 to 0.362 W/(m∙℃), 6.379×10^(-8) to 21.984×10^(-8) m^(2)/s, respectively. To rise to the same temperature, the distiller’s dried grain with solubles (DDGS) needed to absorb 3% more heat than that required for soybean meal (SBM), while the rest four feedstuffs just needed to absorb 93%-98% heat for SBM. Particle size had no significant effect on Cp for all the feedstuffs (p>0.05). However, descending trends in kb and α were observed with increasing particle size for a certain feedstuff at the same bulk density. In addition, regression equations with only statistically significant terms were developed to describe Cp, kb, and α as a function of temperature and particle size for six feedstuffs. The results can provide basic theory and data for the optimization of thermal processing parameters required for the plant-protein ingredient change in compound feed formulations.

Heifer Body Weight Gain and Reproductive Achievement in Response to Protein and Energy Supplementation While Grazing Dormant Range Forage

Heifers grazing winter range require supplemental nutrients to complement dormant forage to achieve optimal growth and performance. A study was conducted to evaluate nutritional environment and effect of different supplementation strategies for developing heifers grazing dormant winter range. Eighty-four Angus crossbred heifers were stratified by body weight at weaning, allocated to one of six replicated pastures, and randomly assigned one of three supplemental treatments: 1) 908 g/d of a control supplement providing 340 g·hd-1·d-1 of CP with 130 g of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and 614 MJ of ME (LRUP);2) 908 g/d of a RUP supplement providing 340 g·hd-1·d-1 of CP with 170 g of RUP and 567 MJ of ME (HRUP);or 3) 1814 g/d of a protein and energy supplement providing 340 g·hd-1·d-1 of CP with 120 g of RUP + 100 g of propionate salt (NutroCalTM, Kemin Industries, Inc.) and 1222 MJ of ME (LRUP + E). Body weights were taken in November, with monthly 12 h shrunk BW from January thru April, and again in September (at time of pregnancy diagnosis). Heifer average daily gain was similar throughout the developmental period except from d125 to d159 where LRUP + E supplemented heifers had greater gains

Effects of Non-protein Nitrogen Supplement on Growth Performance of Graze Cattle

[Objective] The experiment was conducted to investigate the growth performance of graze cattle fed on non-protein nitrogen （NPN） supplement. [ Method] The experiment was conducted in late spring and early summer before grazing. Thirty Chinese SimmentaI-Taihang taxa bulls at the age of 9-10 months weighing 150-170 kg were divided into the control group, experimental group 1 and experimental group 2, 10 in each group, Each cattle in the experimental group 1 fed on the basal diet supplemented 1.0 kg cornmeal every day. Each cattle in the experimental group 2 fed on the basal diet supplemented 1.0 kg cornmeal and 0.25 kg NPN supplement every day. Those in the control group were fed on the basal di- et. The experiment was performed for 100 d. [Result] The average daily gain of the experimental group I was 217 g larger than that of the control group, while the average daily gain of the experimental group 2 was 429 g larger than that of the control group. The differences in the average daily gain were significant between the three groups. [ Conclusion ] The growth performance of cattle grazed in northern slopes was obviously improved by supplementing a small amount of concentrate in feed. The improvement was more remarkable if a small amount of NPN supplement was also added in feed.

Effect of a Protein-Energy Supplement of Low Consumption with Coconut Pulp Expeller (<i>Acrocomia aculeata</i>) of Beef Cattle at Pasture

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of a low consumption protein-energy supplement that incorporates 15% of coconut pulp expeller in bovine animals. These pasture fattening cattle were checked on daily weight gain, supplement consumption and efficiency of pasture use. This study was carried out in a livestock establishment in the Department of Concepción, Paraguay. A total of 108 animals were selected;castrated male bovines, 342 ± 30.2 of body weight (BW), age average 28 months, Nelore breed distributed in 2 treatments (T1 and T2): T1 = 42 animals;control group (pasture + conventional mineral salt) and T2 = 66 animals;treatment group with a protein-energy supplement (pasture + protein-energy supplement with minerals). In both treatments, the animals grazed on pasture of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú and Panincum maximaun cv. Tanzania used a system of pasture rotation of 1 - 3 days of occupation and 35 - 40 days of rest. The average daily weight gain (DG) was 0.82 and 0.83 kg/day (p > 0.05), the supplement consumption was 0.1 and 0.28 kg/day per animal and the % disappearance of the biomass of 18 and 23% for T1 and T2, respectively. In conclusion, there was no evident effect on DG of protein-energy

Optimization of Chelation Process for Complex Microelement Iron Supplement Derived from Pig Blood by Response Surface Methodology

[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the chelation process for complex microelement iron supplement derived from pig blood by response surface methodology.[Methods]On the basis of single-factor test,p H value,concentration of polypeptide solution and volume ratio of polypeptide solution to FeCl_2 solution were selected as influencing factors with Fe(II)chelation rate as the indicator for Box-Behnken central composite experimental design with three factors and three levels.The effects of three factors on the response value were analyzed by response surface methodology.[Results]The optimized chelation process for complex microelement iron supplement derived from pig blood by response surface methodology was as follows:pH 5.40,polypeptide solution concentration 2.27%,volume ratio of polypeptide solution to FeCl_2 solution 2.16∶1.Under this condition,the predictive Fe(II)chelation rate of iron supplement was 79.37%,while the actual value was 79.41%.[Conclusions]The optimized process may provide new thoughts for the development and utilization of complex microelement iron supplement derived from pig blood.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Milk Whey Protein Agglomerates for Use in Oral Nutritional Therapy

Agglomerates based on milk whey proteins and modified starch (MS) were developed for patients with dysphagia. Calcium caseinate (CaCas), whey protein isolate (WPI), concentrate (WPC) and hydrolysate (WPH) were used. The sources were agglomerated with the MS and an increase in the porosity and viscosity of the agglomerates were observed. In all the systems evaluated, the WPI agglomerate at a concentration of 112 g/L showed a viscosity between 2122 and 5110 cP, and the agglomerates of WPC and WPH between 1115?-?2880 cP and 2600 - 6651 cP, respectively. CaCas exhibited high values in water and milk of 3200 cP and 6651 cP, respectively, and low values of 640 cP in juice. In sensory tests, the 70% WPI: 30% MS juice obtained a score 6.97, an improvement in relation to the other agglomerates, but not differing (p = 0.681) from the commercial thickener, 6.91 (p = 0.380). Based on these results, the 70% WPI: 30% MS was suggested for use in the nutritional therapy of patients with dysphagia.

β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸对集训期间跆拳道运动员肌肉的保护

[目的]探究跆拳道运动集训期间补充β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸(HMβ)对肌肉保护的影响。[方法]招募选取自愿参与试验的18名跆拳道专项队二级以上男性受试者,随机分为试验组与对照组(各9人)。试验组周一至周六每日上、下午训练前、后分4次(与运动间隙超过30 min),冲服添加HMβ功能成分的运动奶粉各1袋(25 g/袋,HMβ添加量为500 mg/袋),对照组摄入等量市售普通奶粉。干预前、后及每周一晨采集血样分析生化指标的变化情况,并进行试验前后跆拳道专项能力的定量测试。[结果]相比于对照组,试验组干预后促炎因子白介素-6未见明显变化,血浆谷氨酰胺水平显著提升(P<0.05),血浆甘氨酸水平未见明显下降;试验组干预后肌红蛋白显著下降(P<0.05),血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),血尿素氮降幅小于对照组;试验组20 s原地提膝次数及30 s收腹跳次数均有提升,且增幅均超过对照组。[结论]训练期间补充HMβ能降低炎症程度、改善免疫功能、维持肌细胞膜稳定性、提高氮存量并强化肌肉重塑能力而发挥保护功能,提高肌肉对训练的适应性,以保障其竞技状态。

低蛋白精料补充料对泌乳期放牧牦牛体增重、血清生化指标及乳成分的影响

试验旨在研究低蛋白精料补充料补充两种主要过瘤胃氨基酸对泌乳期放牧牦牛体增重、血清生化指标及乳成分的影响。选取健康状况良好、体重相近的24头泌乳牦牛作为试验动物,随机分为3组,每组8个重复。高蛋白组(HP组)饲喂粗蛋白水平为16.66%的精料补充料,中蛋白组(MP组)饲喂粗蛋白水平为15.05%的精料补充料并额外添加0.23%过瘤胃赖氨酸和0.03%过瘤胃蛋氨酸、低蛋白组(LP组)饲喂粗蛋白水平为13.57%的精料补充料并额外添加0.46%过瘤胃赖氨酸和0.07%过瘤胃蛋氨酸。预试期8 d,正试期40 d。结果表明:3组母牦牛终末体重及净增重指标无显著差异(P>0.05);LP组血清中葡萄糖的含量显著低于其他两组(P<0.05),HP组血清尿素氮的含量显著高于LP组(P<0.05),各组间血清其他指标差异均不显著(P>0.05);3组泌乳期牦牛产奶量无显著差异(P>0.05),LP组乳脂率显著高于MP组和HP组(P<0.05),HP组总固形物含量显著低于MP组和LP组(P<0.05)。综上得出,降低泌乳期牦牛精料补充料的粗蛋白水平并补充相应的过瘤胃氨基酸不影响泌乳期牦牛的生产性能,且在降低饲料中豆粕用量的同时能改善机体蛋白质的利用情况,提高了饲粮的氮利用率。

饲粮蛋白质水平和氨基酸补充模式对1~28日龄仔鹅生长性能和氨基酸含量的影响

试验旨在研究基于玉米-豆粕型饲粮不同蛋白质水平和氨基酸补充模式对1~28日龄仔鹅生长性能、胫长、胫围、腿肌和肝脏氨基酸含量的影响。选取1日龄江南白鹅公雏364只,随机分为4组,每组7个重复,每个重复13只鹅。采用2×2因素完全随机试验设计,设置两个蛋白水平(18.55%和15.55%)和两种氨基酸补充模式(补充主要氨基酸和补充全部氨基酸)。4组分别为PM(CP 18.55%+主要氨基酸,11.20 MJ/kg)、PA(CP 18.55%+全部氨基酸,11.20 MJ/kg)、LPM(CP 15.55%+主要氨基酸,11.20 MJ/kg)、LPA(CP 15.55%+全部氨基酸,11.20 MJ/kg)。主要氨基酸包含6种,全部氨基酸包含12种。试验期为28 d。结果表明:与CP 18.55%相比,CP 15.55%显著降低了仔鹅7、14、21 d的平均体重(P<0.05)。与补充全部氨基酸模式相比,补充主要氨基酸模式显著增加了14 d仔鹅的胫围以及28 d鹅肝脏丙氨酸(Ala)、蛋氨酸(Met)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、组氨酸(His)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量(P<0.05)。与CP 18.55%相比,CP 15.55%显著降低了28 d鹅肝脏Met含量、27~29 d鹅粪中苏氨酸(Thr)含量(P<0.05)。研究表明,不同蛋白水平和氨基酸补充模式对28 d仔鹅的生长性能无不良影响,仔鹅对低蛋白饲粮的适应性强,降低蛋白水平不会对仔鹅生产性能产生负面影响。

低蛋白精料补充料对泌乳期放牧牦牛瘤胃发酵参数、血清免疫指标及泌乳激素的影响

试验旨在研究低蛋白精料补充料并补充过瘤胃赖氨酸和过瘤胃蛋氨酸对泌乳期放牧牦牛血清免疫指标、泌乳期激素及瘤胃发酵参数的影响。选取体况良好、体重相近的24头泌乳期放牧牦牛作为试验动物,随机分为3组,每组8个重复。高蛋白组(HP组)饲喂粗蛋白水平为16.66%的精料补充料,中蛋白组(MP组)饲喂粗蛋白水平为15.05%的精料补充料并额外添加0.23%过瘤胃赖氨酸和0.03%过瘤胃蛋氨酸,低蛋白组(LP组)饲喂粗蛋白水平为13.57%的精料补充料并额外添加0.46%过瘤胃赖氨酸和0.07%过瘤胃蛋氨酸。预试期8 d,正式试验40 d。结果表明,①3组间泌乳期牦牛各生长性能指标无显著差异(P>0.05);②3组间泌乳期牦牛瘤胃发酵参数无显著差异(P>0.05),乙酸和丙酸浓度有增加的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10);③3组间泌乳期牦牛血液免疫指标无显著差异(P>0.05),免疫球蛋白G有增加的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10);④3组间泌乳期牦牛血清中泌乳激素无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上可知,将泌乳期牦牛精料补充料中粗蛋白水平降低1.5%~3.0%并补充相应的过瘤胃氨基酸对泌乳期牦牛的瘤胃发酵不产生影响,也不影响泌乳期牦牛的免疫指标及泌乳激素的分泌。

高温高湿环境与蛋白质补充对运动员能量代谢的影响

目的:探究高温高湿环境下递增负荷运动结合乳清蛋白补充对运动员静息代谢,运动时和运动后代谢气体中碳水化合物、脂肪代谢的影响。方法:招募8名一线男性现代五项运动员,分别按照常规环境-对照组、常规环境-乳清蛋白组、高温高湿环境-对照组、高温高湿环境-乳清蛋白组的干预顺序进行实验。测试当天进行静息代谢测试和体成分测试,在进入特殊环境测试前30 min补充或不补充乳清蛋白,随后进行递增负荷测试,结束后采集恢复10 min代谢气体,次日清晨再进行静息代谢测试。结果:在不同环境下急性递增负荷运动结合乳清蛋白补充干预次日的静息代谢率组间无显著性差异。高温高湿环境下的补充组和对照组的碳水化合物氧化率、供能率均显著提高(P<0.05)。递增负荷运动中各阶段碳水化合物氧化率,在高温高湿环境下4~8 km/h时补充与对照组均显著降低。在峰值运动负荷时和运动后的1~9 min内存在环境主效应显著性差异(P<0.05)。各阶段脂肪氧化率,在高温高湿环境下4~8 km/h阶段中补充与对照组均升高,存在补充主效应显著性差异(P<0.05)。在运动中的13~16 km/h时存在环境主效应显著性差异。结论:与常规环境相比,高温高湿环境急性递增负荷运动结合运动前乳清蛋白补充对运动员次日静息代谢、整个运动过程的碳水化合物氧化率和脂肪氧化率无影响。在较低运动强度下(4~8 km/h)补充乳清蛋白,可提高脂肪氧化率和降低碳水化合物氧化。

牦牛乳酪蛋白琥珀酸铁的制备及其结构表征

为了充分利用牦牛乳资源,以牦牛乳酪蛋白为原料,采用响应面分析法确定牦牛乳酪蛋白的最佳酰化条件,制备高质量、生物利用率好的蛋白琥珀酸铁制品;采用傅里叶红外光谱、粒径分布、扫描电子显微镜、氨基酸组成、体外模拟消化等手段对制品进行结构表征。结果表明:牦牛乳酪蛋白最佳酰化工艺参数为:酪蛋白与丁二酸酐质量比2∶1,丁二酸酐分5次加入,pH 9,反应温度48℃,反应时间50 min,在此条件下酰化率达到93.27%,含铁量8%,螯合率93.03%。傅里叶红外光谱测定结果显示:蛋白琥珀酸铁与酪蛋白的吸收峰存在差异,酰化蛋白中铁离子与羧基、氨基形成配位键。用激光粒度分布仪测得蛋白琥珀酸铁粒径更大,证实形成螯合物。扫描电子显微镜分析表明样品表面光滑,结构紧密。通过测定蛋白琥珀酸铁的蛋白含量及氨基酸组成,得出蛋白琥珀酸铁较酪蛋白蛋白质损失28.12%。酪蛋白与蛋白琥珀酸铁中Glu、Asp和Pro含量较高,其中Glu和Asp是形成螯合物的关键氨基酸,且生物利用率优于无机盐。本研究结果可为蛋白琥珀酸铁制备以及结构表征提供参考。

骨膳食补充剂对低钙饲喂大鼠骨性能的调节作用

目的:探究一款由乳清蛋白、亮氨酸、柠檬酸钙和维生素D3组成的骨膳食补充剂对低钙饲喂大鼠骨性能的调节作用。40只SD雌性大鼠被随机分为正常组、低钙模型组、碳酸钙组、柠檬酸钙+VD3组和补充剂组。方法:连续灌胃90 d后,测定大鼠生长性能、股骨生物力学参数和股骨微观结构、钙代谢水平、骨形成和骨吸收标志物以及肌细胞因子虹膜素(Irisin)水平。RT-PCR测定ALP、OC及调控其表达水平的关键基因的mRNA表达水平。结果:与正常组相比,低钙组大鼠体质量和脏器指数无显著性变化(P>0.05),骨密度和最大载荷极显著降低(P<0.01);同时伴随血清钙浓度显著下降(P<0.05),骨吸收作用增强和骨矿流失严重。与低钙组相比,灌胃不同钙制剂能够显著增加大鼠股骨密度、最大载荷(P<0.05,P<0.01)和血清中骨形成标志物(碱性磷酸酶和骨钙素)的含量;骨膳食补充剂不仅对股骨长度、股骨干重、最大挠度具有显著提高作用(P<0.05,P<0.01),而且在增强骨密度、恢复骨微观结构和骨形成产物含量的效果要优于柠檬酸钙+VD3和碳酸钙(P<0.01)。此外,骨膳食补充剂能有效提高缺钙大鼠腓肠肌质量、腿肌率及前肢拉力(P<0.05,P<0.01),增强肌肉对骨骼的生物力学作用。通过提高肌肉分泌Irisin激活Wnt信号通路,上调Runx2、ALP和OC表达水平,刺激成骨细胞增殖、分化,增强骨形成和矿化。结论:骨膳食补充剂可激活Wnt信号通路增加骨形成,抑制骨矿流失,并恢复骨微观结构,提高骨密度和骨强度,改善骨质疏松,这可能与其提高肌肉质量和Irisin分泌,增强肌肉对骨骼的生物力学作用有关。

ADHD患儿补铁疗法的有效性研究

目的 探究补充铁剂对儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的疗效,为临床和家庭干预提供参考依据。方法 本研究初步纳入郑州大学附属儿童医院儿童保健科150例ADHD患儿,其中有72.4%的患儿血清铁蛋白水平低于30 ng·mL^(-1)。最终,纳入铁缺乏的患儿109例,其中男性比例为78.9%。研究采用间歇补铁法,口服蛋白琥珀酸铁,剂量为4 mg·kg^(-1)·w^(-2),疗程为12 w。期间对患儿的症状进行评估,采用Conners家长评分量表(CPRS)、ADHD评定量表(ADHD RS)评估患儿在注意力、行为和学业等方面的表现。结果 铁剂补充后,患儿的血清铁蛋白水平明显提高,注意力和行为等方面也有了改善。具体来说,铁剂补充组的患儿注意力缺陷、多动冲动症状明显减轻,但学业问题改善不显著。结论 铁缺乏症被认为是ADHD的潜在危险因素,本研究的结果则证实了铁剂补充在改善ADHD症状的治疗上具有可行性。

食源性蛋白衍生钙与螯合肽构效关系研究进展

钙摄入不足会导致骨质疏松等症状,因此肽-钙螯合物作为新一代优良的补钙剂受到广泛关注。食品蛋白衍生的钙螯合肽因其广泛的来源和卓越的性能而具有独特的优势。本综述总结了不同动物来源、水生资源以及植物来源的钙螯合肽,并重点分析了肽的分子量、氨基酸序列和位置、特定氨基酸基团以及肽的空间结构等对肽与钙结合能力的影响。通过探讨肽与钙螯合的构效关系,旨在深入理解肽与钙之间的相互作用机制,并开发出更优质、高钙结合力的新型补钙剂产品。