Preconditioning effects on expression of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion in rats

BACKGROUND: Ischemia/reperfusion is the main cause of hepatic damage in liver transplantation. Immediate early genes (IEGs) encode proteins can regulate expression of cellular response genes after injury, and is associated with tissue repair and cell apoptosis. The purpose of this re- search was to investigate the effects of preconditioning on expression of immediate early genes c-fos and c-jun follow- ing hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR) and its roles in cellu- lar regeneration and apoptosis. METHODS: Ninety-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into IR group and hepatic ischemic preconditioning (IPC) group, and each group was further divided into eight sub- groups (n =6). The model of partial liver ischemia/reper- fusion was used. The rats were subjected to 60-minute liver ischemia, preceded by 10-minute preconditioning. After 0-, 0.5-, 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, 12-, 24-hour reperfusion, the se- rum and liver tissue in each group were collected to detect the level of serum ALT/AST, liver histopathology, expres- sion of c-fos, and c-jun mRNA. Flow cytometer was used to detect Ki67 and Sub-G1 as the quantity indicators of cell regeneration and apoptosis respectively. RESULTS: Compared with IR group, IPC group showed a significantly lower ALT/AST level in 0. 5-hour sub-group to 8-hour sub-group (P<0.05). Ki67 elevated significantly at 0.5, 1, 2 hours, but decreased significantly at 24 hours ( P < 0 . 05). Ap index decreased significantly after 1-hour reperfusion(P<0.05). Expressions of c-fos and c-jun mR- NA were low, especially c-jun at 0.5, 1 and 2 hours after reperfusion. CONCLUSION: Ischemic preconditioning can protect liver cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury, and this protec- tive effect may be related to influence transcription levels of c-fos and c-jun.

消瘀康胶囊通过JNK/c-JUN信号通路减轻大鼠脑出血后神经炎症与神经细胞凋亡

目的探讨消瘀康胶囊通过调控JNK/c-JUN信号通路减轻大鼠脑出血(ICH)后神经炎症与神经细胞凋亡。方法成年雄性SD大鼠纹状体注射细菌胶原酶Ⅶ诱导ICH模型,随机分为空白对照组,模型对照组,消瘀康胶囊小、中、大剂量组。所有大鼠分别于3、5 d后进行神经行为学测试、大鼠体质量测量、血肿体积统计、苏木精-伊红(HE)染色、免疫荧光染色、原位末端转移酶标记(TUNEL)染色、酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)和蛋白免疫印迹分析(Western blotting)。结果与空白对照组比较,模型对照组大鼠出现严重神经行为缺陷、体质量降低(P<0.05);脑组织神经元排列紊乱;小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞活化、中性粒细胞浸润、神经元细胞凋亡(P<0.05);血肿周围促炎因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-1β水平及p-JNK、p-c-JUN、Bax、Caspase-3、Cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达均显著升高(P<0.05),抗炎因子IL-10及抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2降低(P<0.05)。与模型对照组比较,消瘀康胶囊大剂量组显著改善大鼠神经行为功能,促进体质量恢复和血肿吸收(P<0.05);减轻脑组织病理损伤;抑制小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞活化、中性粒细胞浸润、神经元细胞凋亡(P<0.05);另外,血肿周围促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β水平及p-JNK、p-c-JUN、Bax、Caspase-3、Cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达均显著降低(P<0.05),抗炎因子IL-10及抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2均升高(P<0.05)。结论消瘀康胶囊改善ICH大鼠神经行为缺陷,促进体质量恢复和血肿吸收,减轻脑组织病理学损伤,抑制小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞活化、中性粒细胞浸润,其作用机制可能是通过抑制JNK/c-JUN介导的神经炎症与神经细胞凋亡实现。

基于肌醇需求激酶1α/c-Jun氨基末端激酶信号通路探讨胆宁片干预非酒精性脂肪性肝病的作用及机制

目的基于肌醇需求激酶1α/c-Jun氨基末端激酶(IRE1α/JNK)信号通路,探讨胆宁片对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)模型大鼠的作用及机制。方法将32只SD大鼠随机分为正常饮食组(A组,等体积生理盐水,8只)和高脂饮食组(24只);高脂饮食组大鼠喂养10周复制NAFLD模型成功后,再随机分为模型组(B组,等体积生理盐水)、多烯磷脂酰胆碱组[C组,142.5 mg/(kg·d)]和胆宁片组[D组,562.5 mg/(kg·d)],各8只。各组小鼠均灌胃相应药物干预6周。测定大鼠的体质量、血糖(GLU);采用苏木精-伊红染色(HE)法观察大鼠肝组织病理形态变化,采用油红染色法观察肝组织脂质沉积;检测血清胰岛素(INS)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、游离脂肪酸(NEFA)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平;采用免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测肝组织IRE1α、JNK1、磷酸化胰岛素受体底物1(p-IRS1)的蛋白表达水平。结果与B组比较,D组大鼠血糖和TC,TG,LDL-C,NEFA,ALT,AST水平均显著降低(P<0.01),血清INS和HDL-C水平显著升高(P<0.01);脂肪变性程度及细胞肿胀明显减轻,脂滴空泡体积缩小,数量减少;肝脏IRE1α,JNK1,p-IRS1蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P<0.01)。结论胆宁片可能通过下调IRE1α/JNK信号通路,减轻肝脏脂肪变性,从而改善NAFLD。

Effects of Cadmium on Hepatocellular DNA Damage,Proto-Oncogene Expression and Apoptosis in Rats

Objective To study the effects of cadmium on hepatocellular DNA damage, expression of proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun as well as apoptosis in rats. Methods Cadmium chloride at the doses of 5, 10, and 20 μmol/kg was given to rats by i.p. and there were 5 male SD rats in each group. Hepatocellular DNA damage was measured by single cell gel electrophoresis （or comet assay）, while expression of proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun in rat hepatocytes were measured by Northern dot hybridization. C-Myc, c-Fos, and c-Jun were detected with immuno-histochemical method. Hepatocellular apoptosis was determined by TUNEL （TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labelling） and flow cytometry. Results At the doses of 5, 10, and 20 μmol/kg, cadmium chloride induced DNA damage in rat hepatocytes and the rates of comet cells were 50.20%, 88.40%, and 93.80%, respectively. Results also showed an obvious dose-response relationship between the rates of comet cells and the dose of cadmium chloride （r=0.9172, P〈0.01）. Cadmium chloride at the doses of 5, 10, and 20 μmol/kg induced expression of proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun. The positive brown-yellow signal for c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun was mainly located in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes with immunohistochemical method. TUNEL-positive cells were detected in cadmium-treated rat livers. Apoptotic rates （%） of cadmium-treated liver cells at the doses of 5, 10, and 20 μmol/kg were （17.24 ±2.98）, （20.58± 1.35）, and （24.06±1.77） respectively, being significantly higher than those in the control. The results also displayed an obvious dose-response relationship between apoptotic rates and the dose of cadmium chloride （r=0.8619, P〈0.05）. Conclusion Cadmium at 5-20 μmol/kg can induce hepatocellular DNA damage, expression of proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun as well as apoptosis in rats.

Current concepts in ameloblastoma-targeted therapies in B-raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase V600E mutation: Systematic review

BACKGROUND Ameloblastomas are common benign epithelial odontogenic neoplasms that present an aggressive and unpredictable behavior that may modify treatment strategies.Different signaling pathways that participate in the progression of these tumors have been identified.B-raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase(BRAF)is a protein involved in the behavior of ameloblastomas,and it is related to many cell mechanisms.BRAF gene mutations have been identified in ameloblastomas,of which the BRAF V600E(valine substituted by glutamic acid at amino acid 600)mutation has been the most common and can be present concomitantly with other mutations that may be involved in its behavior.Targeted therapies have been used as an alternative in the case of resistance or contraindications to conventional treatments.AIM To document the presence of BRAF V600E and additional mutations,their behavior,and targeted therapies in these tumors.METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines in PubMed/MEDLINE,Cochrane,EMBASE,and SpringerLink using the terms“ameloblastomas”,“BRAF V600E”,“additional mutations”,and“targeted therapies”.Ameloblastomas were classified according to WHO guidelines.Inclusion criteria were articles in English,published not more than 10 years ago,and studies with laboratory works related to BRAF V600E.Articles were evaluated by two independent reviewers and retrieved for full-text evaluation.The EBLIP Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the eligible studies.Descriptive statistical analysis was performed.RESULTS Two independent reviewers,with a substantial concordance indicated by a kappa coefficient of k=0.76,evaluated a total of 19 articles that were included in this study.The analysis registered 521 conventional ameloblastomas(AM),81 unicystic ameloblastomas(UA),13 ameloblastic carcinomas(AC),three metastatic ameloblastomas(MA),and six peripheral ameloblastomas(PA),of which the histopathological type,anatomic location,laboratory tests,expression of BRAF mutation,and additional mutations were registered.The BRAF V600E mutation was found in 297 AM(57%),63 UA(77.7%),3 AC(23%),1 MA(50%),and 5 PA(83.3%).Follicular type predominated with a total of 116 cases(40%),followed by plexiform type with 63 cases(22.1%).Furthermore,both types presented additional mutations,in which alterations in JAK3 P132T,SMARCB1,PIK3CA,CTNNB1,SMO,and BRAF G606E genes were found.Four case reports were found with targeted therapy to BRAF V600E.CONCLUSION The identification of BRAF V600E and additional mutations as an aid in targeted therapies has been a breakthrough in alternative treatments of ameloblastomas where surgical treatments are contraindicated.

Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism analysis of rearranged during transfection proto-oncogene in Chinese familial hirschsprung's disease

AIM: To investigate the relationship between mutations of rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene and Chinese patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HD), and to elucidate the genetic mechanism of familial HD patient at the molecular level.METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood of probands and their relatives in two genealogies.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products, which were amplified using specific primers (RET, exons 11, 13, 15and 17), were electrophoresed to analyze the single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) patterns. The positive amplified products were sequenced. Forty-eight sporadic HD patients and 30 normal children were screened for mutations of RET proto-oncogene simultaneously.RESULTS: Three cases with HD in one family were found to have a G heterozygous insertion at nucleotide 18 974 in exon 13 of RET cDNA (18 974insG), which resulted in a frameshift mutation. In another family, a heterozygosity for T to G transition at nucleotide 18 888 in the same exon which resulted in a synonymous mutation of Leu at codon 745 was detected in the proband and his father. Eight RET mutations were confirmed in 48 sporadic HD patients.CONCLUSION: Mutations of RET proto-oncogene may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Chinese patients with HD. Detection of mutated RET proto-oncogene carriers may be used for genetic counseling of potential risk for HD in the affected families.

Expressions of estrogen receptor subtypes and c-met proto-oncogene in endometrial carcinoma and their correlation

Objective To investigate the expressions of estrogen receptor(ER)subtypes and c-met proto-oncogene in human endometrial carcinomas and to assess the clinical significance of ER and c-met in this carcinoma.Methods Reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR)was used to detect the expressions of ERα,ERβ and c-met proto-oncogene mRNA in 30 samples of endometrial carcinoma and 11 samples of normal endometrium.Results The expression of ERα in endometrial carcinoma(0.70±0.40)was significantly reduced in comparison to that in normal endometrium(1.14±0.56,P<0.05).A similar finding was made for the expression of ERβ in carcinoma(0.24±0.18)versus normal tissues(0.48±0.20,P<0.05).In contrast,c-met mRNA expression was increased in endometrial carcinoma(1.45±0.72)compared to that in normal endometrium(0.42±0.31,P<0.01).A decrease tendency of the expression of ERα was also found from Stage Ⅰ(0.82±0.41)to a more severe Stag Ⅱ-Ⅲ of endometrial carcinoma(0.42±0.17,P<0.05).The analysis of ERα and ERβ mRNA revealed a decrease tendency from shallow to deep invasion of the uterine muscles(P<0.05).We found that the expressions of ERα and ERβ were negatively correlated with c-met proto-oncogene with a coefficient correlation of-0.63(P<0.01)and-0.32(P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion ERα and ERβ are both involved in mutagenic action of carcinogen.C-met proto-oncogene plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of endometrial carcinoma.C-met and ER expressions show a negative correlation in the development of endometrial carcinoma.

Mutation of RET proto-oncogene in Hirschsprung's disease and intestinal neuronal dysplasia

AIM： To investigate the genetic relationship between Hirschsprung＇s disease （HD） and intestinal neuronal dysplasia （IND） in Chinese population.METHODS： Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 30 HD patients, 20 IND patients, 18 HD/IND combined patients and 20 normal individuals as control. Genomic DNA was extracted according to standard procedure. Exons 11,13,15,i7 of RET proto-oncogene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. The mutations of RET proto-oncogene were analyzed by single strand conformational polymorphism （SSCP） and sequencing of the positive amplified products was performed.RESULTS： Eight germline sequence variants were detected. In HD patients, 2 missense mutations in exon 11 at nucleotide 15165 G→A （G667S）, 2 frameshifc mutations in exon 13 at nucleotide 18974 （18974insG）, 1 missense mutation in exon 13 at nucleotide 18919 A→G （K756E） and 1 silent mutation in exon 15 at nucleotide 20692 G→A（Q916Q） were detected. In HD/IND combined patients, 1 missense mutation in exon 11 at nucleotide 15165 G→A and 1 silent mutation in exon 13 at nucleotide 18888 T→G （L745L） were detected. No mutation was found in IND patients and controls.CONCLUSION： Mutation of RET proto-oncogene is involved in the etiopathogenesis of HD. The frequency of REr proto-oncogene mutation is quite different between IND and HD in Chinese population, IND is a distinct clinical entity genetically different from HD.

青藤碱在JNK/c-Jun信号通路中对LPS诱导的肺上皮细胞凋亡和自噬的影响

目的:探究青藤碱(SIN)通过JNK/c-Jun信号通路对LPS诱导的肺上皮细胞凋亡和自噬的影响。方法:培养肺上皮细胞MLE-12,通过CCK-8检测SIN的毒性。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,免疫荧光检测自噬体形成数量,Western blot检测细胞中凋亡、自噬以及JNK/c-Jun信号通路相关蛋白表达水平。结果:LPS造模后,细胞凋亡率和自噬体数量升高,Cleaved caspase-3、Bax和Beclin-1蛋白水平及LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、p-JNK/JNK和p-c-Jun/c-Jun均升高(P<0.05);Bcl-2、P62蛋白水平均降低(P<0.05)。SIN处理可明显改善LPS对细胞凋亡和自噬的影响,以及对JNK/c-Jun信号通路的调控(P<0.05)。细胞自噬抑制剂3-MA或JNK激动剂ANISO处理均可部分逆转SIN对LPS诱导的肺上皮细胞的保护作用(P<0.05)。结论:SIN可通过调控JNK/c-Jun信号通路相关蛋白提高细胞自噬,保护被LPS损伤的肺上皮细胞。

THE PRELIMINARY APPLICATION OF IN SITU HYBRIDI-ZATION IN DETECTING PROTO-ONCOGENES EXPRESSION IN HUMAN LEUKEMIC CELLS

An in situ hybridization technique with 35S labelled proto-oncogene probes (c-myc & c-fes) was used to detect their expression in bone marrow cells of 22 cases of leukemia of various types and immature granulocytes and erythroblasts of 16 nomal myelograms as controls. Both c-myc and c-fes were detectable in leukemic cells as well as in immature granulocytes and erythroblasts of normal bone marrow, but the expression extent varied in different cases. The levels of c-myc expression in leukemic cells were higher than those in controls (P<0.001). There was no difference of c-fes expression in two groups of bone marrow cells (P>0.05). This technique provides us a new method in studying variations of proto-oncogene expression in leukemic cells.

Malignant pheochromocytoma in neurofibromatosis; mutation screening of RET proto-oncogene, VHL and SDH gene

AIM: To investigate pathogenic mutations related to malignant pheochromocytoma in neurofibromatosis(NF).METHODS: We present a patient with NF and metastatic pheochromocytoma in whom genetic screening for presence of pathogenic mutations in RET protooncogene, von Hippel-Lindau(VHL) and succinate dehydrogenase complex subunits B(SDHB) genes were investigated. RET proto-oncogene mutation screening for exons 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16 were examined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and direct DNA sequencing in patient. Mutation screening for exons 1, 2, 3 of VHL gene was carried out. Both forward and reverse strandswere subjected to direct sequencing after PCR amplification. The entire coding sequence of SDHB gene was screened for the presence of pathogenic mutations by PCR-sequencing.RESULTS: A 45-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and hypertension over the previous year. The patient was a known case of neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) who presented at the age of 15 years with hyperpigmented and hypopigmented lesions. After complete evaluation for hypertension, biochemical tests and imagings indicated a malignant pheochromocytoma of 120 mm × 70 mm in size. The patient underwent left adrenalectomy, nephrectomy and splenectomy. After surgery the symptoms improved and blood pressure was controlled. After 5 years he was admitted again for evaluation of hypertensive crisis. Biochemical tests were again consistent with pheochromocytoma and disease relapse. Imaging studies and liver biopsy confirmed metastatic pheochromocytoma to the liver and para-aortic area. 131 Iodine-metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy was carried out. Genetic screening of VHL(exons 1, 2, 3), RET proto-oncogene(exons 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16) and SDH complex subunits revealed no pathogenic mutation. CONCLUSION: We conclude that mutations in the NF1 gene are responsible for the patient's clinical findings. However, would be helpful to further examine somatic mutations for a more precise study of genotypephenotype correlation.

A NOVEL Ser73Gly VARIATION OF SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE,SUBUNIT D AND A Cys634Gly MUTATION IN Ret PROTO-ONCOGENE OBSERVED IN A CHINESE MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 2A PATIENT

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A （ MEN2A ） is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome that is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma （MTC）, pheochromaocytoma （50% - 60% of cases ）, and hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands （ 20% - 30% of cases ）. MEN-2A comprises a heterogeneous group of neoplastic disorders that most commonly have a single missense substitution of the Ret proto-oncogene （RET） involving exons 10 and 11. Here, we reported a novel case of MEN2A associated with two variations in two distinct genes, Cys634Gly in RET and a rare Ser73Gly substitution in succinate dehydrogenase, subunit D （SDHD）. Because the patient presented with medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma but without parathyroid gland involvement, we speculated that this clinical feature could be correlated with the two substitutions. This is the first report of a MEN2A case involving two different changes one in the RET gene and the other in the SDHD gene.

Effect of cisplatin-based concurrent radiochemotherapy on malignant degree of advanced cervical cancer and expression of proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor genes

Objective:To study the effect of cisplatin-based concurrent radiochemotherapy on the malignant degree of advanced cervical cancer and the expression of proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor genes.Methods: A total of 82 patients with advanced cervical cancer who were treated in our hospital between July 2013 and December 2016 were collected and divided into control group and observation group according to random number table, with 41 cases in each group. The control group of patients received radiotherapy alone, while the observation group of patients received cisplatin-based concurrent radiochemotherapy. Tumor marker levels in serum as well as proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression in tumor tissue were compared between two groups of patients before and after treatment.Results:Before treatment, differences in tumor marker levels in serum as well as proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression in tumor tissue were not statistically significant between two groups of patients. After treatment, serum tumor markers SCC, CA50, CA724 and CEA levels of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group;proto-oncogene DEK, c-myc and PIK3CA mRNA expression in tumor tissue were significantly lower than those of control group;tumor suppressor genes p53, SOCS-1, FHIT and PTEN mRNA expression in tumor tissue were significantly higher than those of control group.Conclusions:Cisplatin-based concurrent radiochemotherapy can effectively reduce the tumor malignancy and balance the proto-oncogene / tumor suppressor gene expression in patients with advanced cervical cancer.

c-Jun氨基端激酶信号通路调控急性呼吸窘迫综合征中重要炎症介质表达机制的研究进展

急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是一种临床常见的危重症,其核心问题在于过度的炎症反应。c-Jun氨基端激酶(JNK)是促分裂原活化的蛋白质激酶(MAPK)家族最重要的成员之一,在调控细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、自噬及炎症等多个重要功能中发挥作用。JNK信号通路被过度激活时,会导致炎症反应的持续激活和炎症因子的过度生成,从而对机体造成严重损害。因此,明确JNK通过哪些信号通路参与炎症反应,对于控制ARDS的炎症进程和调节机体的免疫反应平衡具有重要意义。

RET proto-oncogene mutation analysis in a pedigree with multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A

Objective To discuss clinical diagnosis and treatment of multiple endocrine neoplasia ( MEN) 2A,and report the mutation of RET proto-oncogene in a pedigree of three patients with MEN 2A. Methods Bilateral adrenalectomy was performed on two of the three

恩格列净通过c-Jun氨基末端激酶信号通路改善2型糖尿病性骨质疏松症的机制研究

目的探讨恩格列净通过c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)信号通路改善2型糖尿病性骨质疏松症(T2DOP)的机制。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组(sham组)、T2DOP组、EM组(予恩格列净干预)和EM+Anisomycin组(予EM+JNK激活剂Anisomycin干预),每组各10只。收集4组大鼠体重、血糖、血酸水平、骨代谢指标及股骨生物力学特征。采用Micro-CT测定股骨显微结构;HE染色检测股骨组织病理学变化;蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测骨组织中氨基末端激酶1(JNK1)、磷酸化JNK1(p-JNK1)、c-Jun、磷酸化c-Jun(p-c-Jun)蛋白表达水平并分组进行比较。结果T2DOP组大鼠体重明显低于sham组,空腹血糖(FPG)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均明显高于sham组;EM组大鼠体重明显高于T2DOP组,FPG、TG、TC及LDL-C水平均明显低于T2DOP组,TG、TC及LDL-C水平均明显高于sham组;EM+Anisomycin组大鼠体重明显低于EM组,FPG、TG、TC及LDL-C水平均明显高于EM组(P<0.05)。T2DOP组大鼠血清骨特异性转录因子(CBF-α1)、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端原肽(PⅠNP)、骨钙素(OC)及Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基端肽(CTXⅠ)水平、股骨最大负荷、断裂挠度、弹性模量、骨小梁骨密度(BMD)、骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小梁数量(Tb.N)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)均明显低于sham组,骨小梁间隔(Tb.Sp)高于sham组;EM组大鼠血清CBF-α1、PⅠNP、OC及CTX-1水平、股骨最大负荷、断裂挠度、弹性模量、BMD、BV/TV、Tb.N、Tb.Th均明显高于T2DOP组,Tb.Sp低于T2DOP组;EM组大鼠血清CBF-α1、PⅠNP及OC水平、股骨最大负荷、断裂挠度、弹性模量、BMD、BV/TV、Tb.N、Tb.Th均明显低于sham组,CTX-1水平及Tb.Sp均高于sham组;EM+Anisomycin组大鼠血清CBF-α1、PⅠNP、OC及CTX-1水平、股骨最大负荷、断裂挠度、弹性模量、BMD、BV/TV、Tb.N、Tb.Th均明显低于EM组,Tb.Sp高于EM组(P<0.05)。T2DOP组大鼠股骨组织中JNK1、p-JNK1、c-Jun、p-c-Jun蛋白表达水平均明显高于sham组;EM组大鼠股骨组织中JNK1、p-JNK1、c-Jun、p-c-Jun蛋白表达水平均明显低于T2DOP组;EM+Anisomycin组大鼠股骨组织中JNK1、p-JNK1、c-Jun、p-c-Jun蛋白表达水平均明显高于EM组(P<0.05)。结论恩格列净可改善T2DOP大鼠骨代谢量失衡和骨微结构,其作用机制可能和抑制JNK/c-Jun信号通路激活有关。

JNK/c-Jun信号通路在肾脏疾病发生发展中的调控作用

JNK是MAPK超家族成员之一,c-Jun是JNK的主要下游因子,是一种受JNK调控的即早基因。JNK和c-Jun是创伤、应激、细胞凋亡相关的调节因子,参与调控多种疾病的发生发展过程。近年来,研究发现,JNK/c-Jun信号通路在IgA肾病、抗GBM肾小球肾炎、肾纤维化、急性肾损伤等多种肾脏疾病中表现为异常活化,调控着相关肾脏疾病的发生和发展过程。本文就JNK/c-Jun信号通路在肾脏疾病发生发展过程中的调控作用作简要综述。JNK is one of the members of the MAPK superfamily, and c-Jun is the main downstream factor of JNK, which is an early gene regulated by JNK. JNK and c-Jun are regulators related to trauma, stress and apoptosis, and are involved in regulating the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases. In recent years, studies have found that the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway is abnormally activated in a variety of kidney diseases, such as IgA nephropathy, anti-GBM glomerulonephritis, renal fibrosis, and acute kidney injury, which regulates the occurrence and development of related kidney diseases. This article briefly reviews the regulatory role of JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of kidney diseases.

平喘宁调节哮喘大鼠肺组织EGF、C-JUN干预气道重塑研究

目的:研究平喘宁对寒哮大鼠肺组织中ERK信号通路中EGF、C-JUN等相关蛋白以及C-JUN mRNA表达水平的影响,探讨平喘宁干预哮喘气道重塑的作用机制。方法:随机将雄性SD大鼠分为正常组、模型组、平喘宁小剂量组、平喘宁中剂量组、平喘宁大剂量组、桂龙咳喘宁组、地塞米松组,采用HE染色法检测实验后肺组织的病理学改变;采用SqRT-PCR法检测实验后肺组织中C-JUN mRNA的表达丰度;采用Wersten blot法检测实验后肺组织中EGF、C-JUN的相对表达量。结果:HE染色后,模型组较正常组有明显气道重塑现象;各治疗组气道重塑均较模型组得到适当缓解。通过Western blot法检测发现,与正常组相比,EGF蛋白的表达在平喘宁大剂量组无特异性变化(P>0.05),在其他各组均有增高(P<0.01);C-JUN蛋白的表达在除平喘宁中剂量组无特异性变化外(P>0.05),在其他各组均有增高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,EGF的表达在地塞米松组和平喘宁大剂量组、小剂量组中降低(P<0.01、P<0.05);C-JUN蛋白的表达在平喘宁大剂量组和平喘宁中剂量组中下降(P<0.01、P<0.05)。通过RT-PCR检测:与正常组相比,C-JUN mRNA的表达在各组中均增高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,C-JUN mRNA的表达在平喘宁大剂量组、平喘宁中剂量组中下降(P<0.01)。结论:平喘宁大剂量组与平喘宁中剂量组可降低寒哮大鼠肺组织中EGF、C-JUN蛋白和基因的表达,从而延缓气道重塑以治疗哮喘。

柚皮苷对乳鼠成骨细胞增殖及c-fos、c-jun表达的影响

目的研究柚皮苷(naringin)对体外培养的小鼠成骨细胞增殖及c-fos和c-jun表达的影响。方法取第1代BALB/c小鼠颅盖骨成骨细胞,将柚皮苷以0.1、1、10μmol·L-1 3种浓度分别加入新生大鼠颅骨成骨细胞培养液中,MTT法观察各组对成骨细胞的增殖作用并绘制细胞生长曲线,用PNPP法测定成骨细胞内碱性磷酸酶(alkaliphos-phatase,ALP)活性,RT-PCR法检测成骨细胞c-fos和c-jun的转录水平。结果细胞生长曲线显示各组成骨细胞数量均随时间延长而增加,中、高浓度的柚皮苷能提高成骨细胞的ALP活性,促进c-fos mRNA表达(P<0.01),对成骨细胞c-jun mRNA表达增强作用不明显(P>0.05)。结论低浓度柚皮苷(0.1μmol·L-1)对骨更新作用不明显,而中、高浓度的柚皮苷(1、10μmol·L-1)能通过上调c-fos mRNA表达,促进成骨细胞的生成功能,增强骨更新。柚皮苷不是通过促进c-jun表达来促进成骨细胞增殖与分化的。

癌基因c-fos和c-jun在肝细胞型肝癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 :研究癌基因 c- fos和 c- jun在肝细胞型肝癌中的表达及临床意义。方法 :采用免疫组化技术检测 1 0例正常肝组织、2 3例癌旁异型增生肝组织和 31例肝细胞型肝癌组织的癌基因 c- fos和 c- jun表达 ,并对两者相关性进行分析。结果 :在正常组织中 c- fos和 c- jun弱表达或不表达 ;在癌旁异型增生肝组织中 c- fos和 c- jun的阳性例数分别为 1 5 ( 65 .2 % )和 1 4( 60 .9% ) ,染色强度与正常肝组织相比差异有显著性 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;在肝细胞型肝癌中 c- fos和 c- jun阳性例数分别为1 7( 5 4 .8% )和 1 6( 5 1 .9% )。c- fos和 c- jun表达水平与癌组织分化程度有关 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,而且二种癌基因在肝细胞型肝癌中表达的协同性较强。结论 :c- fos和 c- jun癌基因的异常表达可能在肝细胞型肝癌的发生发展中起重要作用 ;c- fos和 c- jun表达水平与肝细胞型肝癌的分化程度有关 。