Multimodal Social Media Fake News Detection Based on Similarity Inference and Adversarial Networks

As social networks become increasingly complex, contemporary fake news often includes textual descriptionsof events accompanied by corresponding images or videos. Fake news in multiple modalities is more likely tocreate a misleading perception among users. While early research primarily focused on text-based features forfake news detection mechanisms, there has been relatively limited exploration of learning shared representationsin multimodal (text and visual) contexts. To address these limitations, this paper introduces a multimodal modelfor detecting fake news, which relies on similarity reasoning and adversarial networks. The model employsBidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT) and Text Convolutional Neural Network (Text-CNN) for extracting textual features while utilizing the pre-trained Visual Geometry Group 19-layer (VGG-19) toextract visual features. Subsequently, the model establishes similarity representations between the textual featuresextracted by Text-CNN and visual features through similarity learning and reasoning. Finally, these features arefused to enhance the accuracy of fake news detection, and adversarial networks have been employed to investigatethe relationship between fake news and events. This paper validates the proposed model using publicly availablemultimodal datasets from Weibo and Twitter. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approachachieves superior performance on Twitter, with an accuracy of 86%, surpassing traditional unimodalmodalmodelsand existing multimodal models. In contrast, the overall better performance of our model on the Weibo datasetsurpasses the benchmark models across multiple metrics. The application of similarity reasoning and adversarialnetworks in multimodal fake news detection significantly enhances detection effectiveness in this paper. However,current research is limited to the fusion of only text and image modalities. Future research directions should aimto further integrate features fromadditionalmodalities to comprehensively represent themultifaceted informationof fake news.

Design and analysis of an advanced thermal management system for the solar close observations and proximity experiments spacecraft

In this paper,the mission and the thermal environment of the Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)spacecraft are analyzed,and an advanced thermal management system(ATMS)is designed for it.The relationship and functions of the integrated database,the intelligent thermal control system and the efficient liquid cooling system in the ATMS are elaborated upon.For the complex thermal field regulation system and extreme space thermal environment,a modular simulation and thermal field planning method are proposed,and the feasibility of the planning algorithm is verified by numerical simulation.A solar array liquid cooling system is developed,and the system simulation results indicate that the temperatures of the solar arrays meet the requirements as the spacecraft flies by perihelion and aphelion.The advanced thermal management study supports the development of the SCOPE program and provides a reference for the thermal management in other deep-space exploration programs.

Progress of Proximity Sensors for Potential Applications in Electronic Skins

Recently,electronic skins and fl exible wearable devices have been developed for widespread applications in medical monitoring,artifi cial intelligence,human–machine interaction,and artifi cial prosthetics.Flexible proximity sensors can accurately perceive external objects without contact,introducing a new way to achieve an ultrasensitive perception of objects.This article reviews the progress of fl exible capacitive proximity sensors,fl exible triboelectric proximity sensors,and fl exible gate-enhanced proximity sensors,focusing on their applications in the electronic skin fi eld.Herein,their working mechanism,materials,preparation methods,and research progress are discussed in detail.Finally,we summarize the future challenges in developing fl exible proximity sensors.

Modified (2+1)-dimensional displacement shallow water wave system and its approximate similarity solutions

Recently, a new （2＋1）-dimensional shallow water wave system, the （2＋1）-dlmenslonal displacement shallow water wave system （2DDSWWS）, was constructed by applying the variational principle of the analytic mechanics in the Lagrange coordinates. The disadvantage is that fluid viscidity is not considered in the 2DDSWWS, which is the same as the famous Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation and Korteweg-de Vries equation. Applying dimensional analysis, we modify the 2DDSWWS and add the term related to the fluid viscidity to the 2DDSWWS. The approximate similarity solutions of the modified 2DDSWWS （M2DDSWWS） is studied and four similarity solutions are obtained. For the perfect fluids, the coefficient of kinematic viscosity is zero, then the M2DDSWWS will degenerate to the 2DDSWWS.

Magnetic proximity effect in the two-dimensional ε-Fe_(2)O_(3)/NbSe_(2)heterojunction

Two-dimensional(2D)magnet/superconductor heterostructures can promote the design of artificial materials for exploring 2D physics and device applications by exotic proximity effects.However,plagued by the low Curie temperature and instability in air,it is hard to realize practical applications for the reported layered magnetic materials at present.In this paper,we developed a space-confined chemical vapor deposition method to synthesize ultrathin air-stable ε-Fe_(2)O_(3) nanosheets with Curie temperature above 350 K.The ε-Fe_(2)O_(3)/NbSe_(2) heterojunction was constructed to study the magnetic proximity effect on the superconductivity of the NbSe_(2) multilayer.The electrical transport results show that the subtle proximity effect can modulate the interfacial spin–orbit interaction while undegrading the superconducting critical parameters.Our work paves the way to construct 2D heterojunctions with ultrathin nonlayered materials and layered van der Waals(vdW)materials for exploring new physical phenomena.

Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Delivery of Nanoparticles Monitored by an Enzyme‑Induced Proximity Labeling

Achieving increasingly finely targeted drug delivery to organs,tissues,cells,and even to intracellular biomacromolecules is one of the core goals of nanomedicines.As the delivery destination is refined to cellular and subcellular targets,it is essential to explore the delivery of nanomedicines at the molecular level.However,due to the lack of technical methods,the molecular mechanism of the intracellular delivery of nanomedicines remains unclear to date.Here,we develop an enzyme-induced proximity labeling technology in nanoparticles(nano-EPL)for the real-time monitoring of proteins that interact with intracellular nanomedicines.Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)nanoparticles coupled with horseradish peroxidase(HRP)were fabricated as a model(HRP(+)-PNPs)to evaluate the molecular mechanism of nano delivery in macrophages.By adding the labeling probe biotin-phenol and the catalytic substrate H_(2)O_(2)at different time points in cellular delivery,nano-EPL technology was validated for the real-time in situ labeling of proteins interacting with nanoparticles.Nano-EPL achieves the dynamic molecular profiling of 740 proteins to map the intracellular delivery of HRP(+)-PNPs in macrophages over time.Based on dynamic clustering analysis of these proteins,we further discovered that different organelles,including endosomes,lysosomes,the endoplasmic reticulum,and the Golgi apparatus,are involved in delivery with distinct participation timelines.More importantly,the engagement of these organelles differentially affects the drug delivery efficiency,reflecting the spatial–temporal heterogeneity of nano delivery in cells.In summary,these findings highlight a significant methodological advance toward understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the intracellular delivery of nanomedicines.

A Non-Parametric Scheme for Identifying Data Characteristic Based on Curve Similarity Matching

For accurately identifying the distribution charac-teristic of Gaussian-like noises in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)state estimation,this paper proposes a non-parametric scheme based on curve similarity matching.In the framework of the pro-posed scheme,a Parzen window(kernel density estimation,KDE)method on sliding window technology is applied for roughly esti-mating the sample probability density,a precise data probability density function(PDF)model is constructed with the least square method on K-fold cross validation,and the testing result based on evaluation method is obtained based on some data characteristic analyses of curve shape,abruptness and symmetry.Some com-parison simulations with classical methods and UAV flight exper-iment shows that the proposed scheme has higher recognition accuracy than classical methods for some kinds of Gaussian-like data,which provides better reference for the design of Kalman filter(KF)in complex water environment.

Structural similarity of lithospheric velocity models of Chinese mainland

Existing lithospheric velocity models exhibit similar structures typically associated with the first-order tectonic features,with dissimilarities due to different data and methods used in model generation.The quantification of model structural similarity can help in interpreting the geophysical properties of Earth's interior and establishing unified models crucial in natural hazard assessment and resource exploration.Here we employ the complex wavelet structural similarity index measure(CW-SSIM)active in computer image processing to analyze the structural similarity of four lithospheric velocity models of Chinese mainland published in the past decade.We take advantage of this method in its multiscale definition and insensitivity to slight geometrical distortion like translation and scaling,which is particularly crucial in the structural similarity analysis of velocity models accounting for uncertainty and resolution.Our results show that the CW-SSIM values vary in different model pairs,horizontal locations,and depths.While variations in the inter-model CW-SSIM are partly owing to different databases in the model generation,the difference of tomography methods may significantly impact the similar structural features of models,such as the low similarities between the full-wave based FWEA18 and other three models in northeastern China.We finally suggest potential solutions for the next generation of tomographic modeling in different areas according to corresponding structural similarities of existing models.

Investigation on mechanical properties regulation of rock-like specimens based on 3D printing and similarity quantification

3D printing is widely adopted to quickly produce rock mass models with complex structures in batches,improving the consistency and repeatability of physical modeling.It is necessary to regulate the mechanical properties of 3D-printed specimens to make them proportionally similar to natural rocks.This study investigates mechanical properties of 3D-printed rock analogues prepared by furan resin-bonded silica sand particles.The mechanical property regulation of 3D-printed specimens is realized through quantifying its similarity to sandstone,so that analogous deformation characteristics and failure mode are acquired.Considering similarity conversion,uniaxial compressive strength,cohesion and stress–strain relationship curve of 3D-printed specimen are similar to those of sandstone.In the study ranges,the strength of 3D-printed specimen is positively correlated with the additive content,negatively correlated with the sand particle size,and first increases then decreases with the increase of curing temperature.The regulation scheme with optimal similarity quantification index,that is the sand type of 70/140,additive content of 2.5‰and curing temperature of 81.6℃,is determined for preparing 3D-printed sandstone analogues and models.The effectiveness of mechanical property regulation is proved through uniaxial compression contrast tests.This study provides a reference for preparing rock-like specimens and engineering models using 3D printing technology.

Numerical Simulation of the Settling Flux of Biodeposition in a Bay with Cage Culture Through Similarity Theory and a Simplified Pollution Source

The settling flux of biodeposition affects the environmental quality of cage culture areas and determines their environmental carrying capacity.Simple and effective simulation of the settling flux of biodeposition is extremely important for determining the spatial distribution of biodeposition.Theoretically,biodeposition in cage culture areas without specific emission rules can be simplified as point source pollution.Fluent is a fluid simulation software that can simulate the dispersion of particulate matter simply and efficiently.Based on the simplification of pollution sources and bays,the settling flux of biodeposition can be easily and effectively simulated by Fluent fluid software.In the present work,the feasibility of this method was evaluated by simulation of the settling flux of biodeposition in Maniao Bay,Hainan Province,China,and 20 sampling sites were selected for determining the settling fluxes.At sampling sites P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,Z1,Z2,Z3,Z4,A1,A2,A3,A4,B1,B2,C1,C2,C3 and C4,the measured settling fluxes of biodeposition were 26.02,15.78,10.77,58.16,6.57,72.17,12.37,12.11,106.64,150.96,22.59,11.41,18.03,7.90,19.23,7.06,11.84,5.19 and 2.57 g d^(−1)m^(−2),respectively.The simulated settling fluxes of biodeposition at the corresponding sites were 16.03,23.98,8.87,46.90,4.52,104.77,16.03,8.35,180.83,213.06,39.10,17.47,20.98,9.78,23.25,7.84,15.90,6.06 and 1.65 g d^(−1)m^(−2),respectively.There was a positive correlation between the simulated settling fluxes and measured ones(R=0.94,P=2.22×10^(−9)<0.05),which implies that the spatial differentiation of biodeposition flux was well simulated.Moreover,the posterior difference ratio of the simulation was 0.38,and the small error probability was 0.94,which means that the simulated results reached an acceptable level from the perspective of relative error.Thus,if nonpoint source pollution is simplified to point source pollution and open waters are simplified based on similarity theory,the setting flux of biodeposition in the open waters can be simply and effectively simulated by the fluid simulation software Fluent.

Similarity evaluation model for the internal defect detection of strip steel

An internal defect meter is an instrument to detect the internal inclusion defects of cold-rolled strip steel.The detection accuracy of the equipment can be evaluated based on the similarity of the multiple detection data obtained for the same steel coil.Based on the cosine similarity model and eigenvalue matrix model,a comprehensive evaluation method to calculate the weighted average of similarity is proposed.Results show that the new method is consistent with and can even replace artificial evaluation to realize the automatic evaluation of strip defect detection results.

A Similarity Based Fuzzy System as a Function Approximator

In this paper, an attempt is made to prove that some similarity based fuzzy systems can be found to behave as function approximators. A typical similarity based fuzzy system is proposed and its behaviour is shown to have the said property. It elucidates the connection between similarity relation and similarity measure of fuzzy sets to fuzzy inference methodology. The concept of similarity relation is used in fuzzification of crisp input values. Similarity index is used in measuring approximate equality of fuzzy sets over a given universe of discourse of a linguistic variable. The similarity between the observation(s) and the antecedent of a rule is used in selecting rule(s) for possible firing and also in modifying the relation between the antecedent and consequent of the rule based on the specific observation. Inference is drawn through the usual composition and subsequently by projecting the modified fuzzy restriction acting on the variables of interest on the universe of the linguistic variable in the consequent of the rule. A specificity based defuzzification scheme is proposed for multiple-rule firing. It has been proved systematically that such a similarity based fuzzy system can uniformly approximate continuous functions to any desired degree of accuracy on a closed and bounded interval. Simulation results are presented for the well-known dc-motor problem. A comparative study is made to establish the validity and efficiency of the proposed similarity based fuzzy system.

Transfer learning for well logging formation evaluation using similarity weights

Machine learning has been widely applied in well logging formation evaluation studies.However,several challenges negatively impacted the generalization capabilities of machine learning models in practical imple-mentations,such as the mismatch of data domain between training and testing datasets,imbalances among sample categories,and inadequate representation of data model.These issues have led to substantial insufficient identification for reservoir and significant deviations in subsequent evaluations.To improve the transferability of machine learning models within limited sample sets,this study proposes a weight transfer learning framework based on the similarity of the labels.The similarity weighting method includes both hard weights and soft weights.By evaluating the similarity between test and training sets of logging data,the similarity results are used to estimate the weights of training samples,thereby optimizing the model learning process.We develop a double experts’network and a bidirectional gated neural network based on hierarchical attention and multi-head attention(BiGRU-MHSA)for well logs reconstruction and lithofacies classification tasks.Oil field data results for the shale strata in the Gulong area of the Songliao Basin of China indicate that the double experts’network model performs well in curve reconstruction tasks.However,it may not be effective in lithofacies classification tasks,while BiGRU-MHSA performs well in that area.In the study of constructing large-scale well logging processing and formation interpretation models,it is maybe more beneficial by employing different expert models for combined evaluations.In addition,although the improvement is limited,hard or soft weighting methods is better than unweighted(i.e.,average-weighted)in significantly different adjacent wells.The code and data are open and available for subsequent studies on other lithofacies layers.

Measuring System Regularity Using Fuzzy Similarity-based Approximate Entropy

Approximate entropy (ApEn), a measure quantifying regularity and complexity, is believed to be an effective analyzing method of diverse settings that include both deterministic chaotic and stochastic processes, particularly operative in the analysis of physiological signals that involve relatively small amount of data. However, the similarity definition of vectors based on Heaviside function, of which the boundary is discontinuous and hard, may cause some problems in the validity and accuracy of ApEn. To overcome these problems, a modified ApEn based on fuzzy similarity (mApEn) was proposed. The performance on the MIX stochastic model, as well as those on the Logistic map and the Hennon map with noise, shows that the fuzzy similarity-based ApEn gets more satisfying results than the standard ApEn when characterizing systems with different regularities.

APPROXIMATION OPERATORS AND SELFSIMILARITY OVER P-ADIC FIELD

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A New Method to Retrieve Proximity Effect Parameters in Electron-Beam Lithography

A new method for determining proximity parameters α,β ,and η in electron beam lithography is introduced on the assumption that the point exposure spread function is composed of two Gaussians.A single line is used as test pattern to determine proximity effect parameters and the normalization approach is adopted in experimental data transaction in order to eliminate the need of measuring exposure clearing dose of the resist.Furthermore,the parameters acquired by this method are successfully used for proximity effect correction in electron beam lithography on the same experimental conditions.

仅根据Proximity数据构建向量空间模型的方法

在实际应用中，许多研究对象都是抽象的，难以用某种特征向量的形式表示，这使得许多成熟的数据挖掘和机器学习方法难以被采用。不过，通常可将其转化成一个Proximity数据矩阵，使得矩阵中的元素表示两个对象间某种“比较”关系。针对该问题，本文提出仅根据Proximity数据矩阵利用多维尺度分析法（MDS）将研究对象进行向量化表示，即构建了一种向量空间模型。最后，对汉语科技词系统中的词语进行了聚类分析，结果表明，向量空间模型构建后再聚类的结果明显优于直接针对Proximity数据进行聚类分析的结果，从而验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。

Flow equation and similarity criterion during centrifugal casting in micro-channel

Liquid metal filling flow process in the microscale during the centrifugal casting process was studied by means of similar physical simulation. The research was focused on derived similarity criterion. Based on the traditional flow equations, the flow equation and the Bernoulli＇s equation for liquid metal flows in micro-scale space were derived, which provides a mathematical model for numerical simulation of micro-scale flow. In the meanwhile, according to the micro-flow equation and the similarity theory, the similarity criterion for the physical simulation of the mold filling behaviors was presented under centrifugal force field, so as to achieve the visual observation and quantitative analysis of micro-flow process.

Important Works About Rules in Rules-Based Optical Proximity Correction

Considering the efficiency and veracity of rules based optical proximity correction (OPC),the importance of rules in rules based OPC is pointed out.And how to select,to construct and to apply more concise and practical rules base is disscussed.Based on those ideas,four primary rules are suggested.Some data resulted in rules base are shown in table.The patterns on wafer are clearly improved by applying these rules to correct mask.OPCL,the automatic construction of the rules base is an important part of the whole rules based OPC system.

ESTIMATION METHOD FOR AIRCRAFT SIMILARITY BASED ON FUZZY THEORY AND GREY INCIDENCE ANALYSIS

An estimation method for aircraft similarity based on fuzzy theory and grey incidence analysis is presented. This estimation method is made up of the triangular fuzzy transforming model of linguistic variables and the method of grey incidence analysis. Nine feature attributes of aircraft are selected to estimate the similarity between the new aircraft and the existing aircraft. A new aircraft X and other six existing aircrafts are taken as examples. Analyses show that similarity estimation results obtained from the method are in accordance with practice.