Antibody Levels and Infection Status of Pertussis in the Population under Pertussis Resurgence in Guangxi in 2018:A Cross-Sectional Survey

Objective Pertussis cases have increased markedly since 2018 in Guangxi.The aim of this study was to evaluate antibody levels and the infection status of pertussis in the resident population.Method A total of 10,215 serum samples from residents were collected from August-November 2018 and tested for anti-pertussis IgG and toxin IgG using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Of the collected samples,1,833(17.94%)tested positive for anti-pertussis IgG,with the median concentration of 16.06 IU/mL.Antibody level<10 IU/mL accounted for more than 60%in children under 4 years of age,but declined with age,whereas the percentages of the other three levels(10-40,40-50,and≥50 IU/mL)increased almost with age(P<0.001).Moreover,7,924 samples were selected for anti-pertussis toxin IgG,of which 653(8.24%)tested positive(≥40 IU/mL)with the median concentration of 5.89 IU/mL,and 204 participants(2.56%)had recent pertussis infection(≥100 IU/mL).Among the different age groups,the highest rates of positivity and recent infection were observed at 11-20 years of age,the lowest positivity rate at 5 years of age,and the lowest recent infection rate at 4 years of age(P<0.001,P=0.005,respectively).Conclusion The survey results showed that all age groups in Guangxi lacked immunity against pertussis,which was one of the main factors contributing to the resurgence of pertussis in 2018.In addition,the prevalence of pertussis is relatively high in Guangxi,and its incidence is seriously underestimated,especially in adolescents and adults.

Factors Associated with Antibody Levels among Children Aged 15 to 59 Months Vaccinated against Hepatitis B during the Expanded Program on Immunization in Cameroon

Background: the hepatitis B virus infection remains a major public health problem worldwide. It can lead to a liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recommended the implementation of generalised vaccination programs against hepatitis B. In Cameroon, this vaccine was introduced in the expanded program on immunization (EPI) in 2005, but few studies have assessed the immune response. Objective: the general objective of this study was to identify factors associated with antibody levels among children aged from 15 to 59 months vaccinated against hepatitis B during the EPI in Cameroon. Method: this was a cross-sectional study carried out from December 2021 to June 2022 in a paediatric centre of Yaoundé (Cameroon). We analysed the antibody level in children vaccinated against hepatitis B within the framework of the EPI. We enrolled children who had received a series of 3 intramuscular doses of hepatitis B vaccine at 6, 10 and 14 weeks after birth. Some children could receive a 4th booster dose between 12 months. The antibody level was assessed by measuring the anti-HBs in such children, aged 15 - 59 months. A good immunization was defined as a serum level of anti-HBs antibody level above 100 IU/mL;a poor immunization, for an anti-HBs antibody level between 10 and 100 IU/mL;and a non-immunization, for an anti-HBs antibody level < 10 IU/mL. Association between explored factors and poor or non-immunization was evaluated through the Chi square test. The significance threshold was defined at p < 0.05. Results: sixty subjects were included in the study with a slight female majority: 31 cases (52%). The average age was 38.5 ± 15.7 months (range 15 - 59 months). We found 32 (53%) cases of good immunization;21 (35%) of poor immunization;and 7 children (12%) with a non-immunization. The only factor associated with poor or non-immunization was the age between 37 - 59 months (p = 0.016). Conclusion: Anti HBs Antibody levels in children vaccinated against hepatitis B virus were globally satisfactory in our series. Results show an association between low antibody levels with older age (over 36 months), suggesting a circulating antibodies levels decrease over time, yet deemed protecting until 59 months.

Effect of Attenuated Highly Pathogenic Pig Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome(HP-PRRS) TJM-F92 Strain Vaccine on Immune Antibody Levels against Classical Swine Fever(CSF) and Foot-and-Mouth Disease(FMD)

Effects of attenuated highly pathogenic pig reproductive and respiratory syndrome（HP-PRRS）TJM-F92 strain vaccine on immune antibody level against classical swine fever（CSF）and foot-and-mouth disease（FMD）were studied from October 8 to November 12 in 2014,in order to optimize vaccination program of CSF,HP-PRRS and FMD and to provide scientific guidance for animal disease control and prevention work.The results showed that attenuated HP-PRRS（TJMF92 strain）vaccine had no significant effect on immune antibody level of hog cholera lapinized virus（HCLV,ST passage cell vaccine）attenuated vaccine and FMD-O inactivated vaccines（OZK/93 strain）,and single or combined use of three vaccines received good immunization effects.

Analysis Concentration of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>on Anti-Toxoplasma IgG-IgM Antibody Levels, and the Outcomes of Pregnancy in Mice Balb/c

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that can infect any warm blood vertebrae, and if first trimester pregnant woman infected, it may cause abortion. The objective is to prove the effect of the Toxoplasma gondii concentration in anti-toxoplasma IgG-IgM antibody levels, and the outcomes of Balb/c mice pregnancies. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Balb/c mice with inclusion criteria, and was conditioned pregnant. The pathogen strains of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite injected intraperitoneally. The blood samples were taken serially to be tested for anti-toxoplasma IgG-IgM antibody levels. After the mice were injected with tachyzoite, they are assessed every day to observe their body weight, vaginal bleeding, and labor. Anti-toxoplasma IgG-IgM antibody levels examined using qualitative mouse IgG-IgM antibody ELISA KIT. Results: Anti-toxoplasma IgM antibody levels increased significantly after 24 hours of injection tachyzoites in all dose groups, and remained high through day 21. Anti-toxoplasma antibody IgG levels increased significantly after 72 hours post injection and remained elevated until day 21. The incidence of abortion is 100% in mice which injected tachyzoite levels 1 × 103 and 1 × 104, and the incidence of abortion approximately 2 - 4 days post injection. 100% of mice that were injected with tachyzoites 1 × 101 and 1 × 102 have labor at term. Physical anomaly was found in baby mice from mice that were injected with tachyzoite 1 × 102. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between the concentrations of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite with anti-toxoplasma IgG-IgM antibody levels, and there is a significant relationship between the concentrations of tachyzoite with abortion.

塔里木鸽新城疫免疫程序的优化

为优化塔里木鸽新城疫免疫程序,本研究分别采集7、14、21、28日龄塔里木鸽血液各10份,分离血清进行新城疫母源抗体检测;选择60只28日龄塔里木鸽平均分为A1~A4组,A1~A3组分别用新城疫弱毒疫苗、灭活疫苗及三联灭活疫苗免疫,A4组为空白对照。每组在首免前、首免后7 d、14 d、28 d各采集10份鸽血液,分离血清进行HI抗体检测;选择60只28日龄塔里木鸽用新城疫灭活疫苗首免后平均分为B1~B4组,首免后28 d,B1~B3组分别用新城疫弱毒疫苗、灭活疫苗及三联灭活疫苗二免,B4组为空白对照。每组在二次免疫前,二次免疫后7 d、14 d、28 d各采集10份鸽血液,分离血清进行HI抗体检测;选择45只28日龄塔里木鸽用新城疫灭活疫苗首免后平均分为C1~C3组,分别在首免后7 d、14 d、21 d用新城疫灭活疫苗二免。每组在二次免疫前,二次免疫后7 d、14 d、28 d各采集10份鸽血液,分离血清进行HI抗体检测,并将结果与B2组比较,采用GraphPad prism5软件对试验结果进行统计学分析。结果显示,塔里木鸽母源抗体在21日龄~28日龄时下降至3 log2以下;首免后28 d,A1、A2、A3组鸽HI抗体水平极显著高于A4组(P<0.01);A2组鸽抗体水平显著高于A1组(P<0.05),且峰值最高(4.8 log2);二次免疫后14 d、28 d,B2和B3组鸽抗体水平均极显著高于B1组和B4组(P<0.01),B2组抗体水平最快达到峰值且峰值最高(9.1 log2);二次免疫后28 d,C2、C3、B2组鸽抗体水平极显著高于C1组(P<0.01),C3组鸽抗体水平显著高于C2组(P<0.05),B2组抗体水平最快达到峰值,C3组抗体水平峰值最高(9.3 log2)。综上所述,塔里木鸽于21日龄~28日龄时用新城疫灭活疫苗首免,间隔21 d~28 d后,用新城疫灭活疫苗二免,可达到最高抗体水平。本实验填补了目前塔里木鸽新城疫免疫程序相关研究的空白,可为相关标准制定提供有效参考。

牛环形泰勒虫烯醇化酶重组蛋白对小鼠免疫应答的研究

为了评估牛环形泰勒虫(Theileria annulata)烯醇化酶(enolase)原核重组蛋白对实验动物体液免疫水平和细胞免疫水平的影响,用His纯化柱和超滤管对pET-32a-enolase进行纯化和浓缩,应用Western blot分析蛋白的反应原性;另外利用牛环形泰勒虫烯醇化酶重组蛋白(r Ta-enolase)免疫Balb/c鼠制备多克隆抗体,经间接ELISA检测血清中重组蛋白的特异性抗体水平。免疫后,取小鼠脾脏制备淋巴细胞悬液,用流式细胞术检测脾脏T细胞亚群情况;用MTT试剂盒检测体外刺激后T淋巴细胞增殖情况;用Spss ANOVA单因素检验进行差异显著性分析。Western blot表明,enolase重组蛋白可与阳性血清发生特异性反应。ELISA检测免疫鼠特异性IgG/IgG1和IgG2a抗体均与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01);流式细胞术检测表明,免疫组(2.53±0.11)与对照组(1.85±0.11)CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T细胞的比值差异极显著(P<0.01);用r Ta-enolase重组蛋白刺激小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞后明显促进其增殖(P<0.05)。研究结果表明r Ta-enolase免疫小鼠能够诱导小鼠产生极高的体液免疫水平以及细胞免疫应答水平,细胞免疫应答偏向于CD4^(+)T细胞,为后续其在疫苗中的免疫功能提供数据资料。

2019-2022年开封市健康人群麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎抗体水平监测分析

目的了解开封市健康人群麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎抗体水平,评价疫苗免疫效果,为科学防控及相关疾病传播风险评估提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层抽样的方法采集开封市4个监测点0~79岁共计1983名健康人群血清标本,利用ELISA方法分别对血清中麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎IgG抗体进行检测。结果1983份血清样本中,麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎的抗体阳性率分别为90.97%、83.16%、90.42%。不同性别间麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎抗体阳性率没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。不同年龄组、不同监测点间的抗体阳性率具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。不同免疫史及距末次疫苗接种不同时间的麻疹、风疹抗体阳性率具有显著性差异(P<0.01),流行性腮腺炎抗体阳性率无显著性差异(P>0.05),但3种抗体阳性率均随免疫剂次的增加而升高。结论开封市存在麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎免疫规划薄弱环节,应关注8月龄幼儿首剂疫苗的及时接种,对育龄期妇女进行宣传教育,及时开展抗体水平监测,积极开展查漏补种工作。

珠海市出国留学人员麻疹、风疹IgG抗体水平监测情况分析

目的 通过监测珠海市出国留学人员麻疹、风疹IgG抗体水平,提出成人、青少年麻疹、风疹疫苗接种建议,为卫生健康部门、口岸卫生检疫部门进一步强化麻疹、风疹防控工作提供科学依据。方法 整理珠海市2021年6月至2023年1月期间出国留学人员麻疹、风疹预防接种状况,检测该人群血清样本麻疹、风疹病毒IgG抗体水平,统计分析出国留学人员麻疹、风疹病毒IgG抗体总体状况及不同组别人群麻疹、风疹病毒IgG抗体水平差异。结果 314名调查对象中,麻疹、风疹IgG抗体总阳性率分别为69.11%、63.38%。15岁及以下、16~20岁、21~25岁、26~30岁、31~35岁、36岁及以上麻疹抗体阳性率分别为83.33%、72.84%、68.42%、66.67%、78.57%、50.00%,风疹抗体阳性率分别为66.67%、66.67%、61.40%、70.83%、57.14%、61.11%;不同性别之间麻疹、风疹IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同年龄分组人员在麻疹、风疹IgG抗体阳性率方面差异较小,无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同分属地人员麻疹、风疹IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 珠海地区留学人员麻疹、风疹抗体阳性率总体超过60%,36岁以上人群阳性率偏低,成年人可考虑加强接种麻腮风疫苗。

伴有感觉平面的抗GM4-IgM抗体阳性吉兰-巴雷综合征1例报告

吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)是一类免疫介导的急性炎性周围神经病,大多表现为急性、对称性、弛缓性、麻痹性多神经根及周围神经病变,伴或不伴脑神经受累。最常见的两个亚型为急性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经病(AIDP),急性运动轴索型神经病(AMAN)。其他少见类型包括:急性感觉运动轴索型神经病(AMSAN)、MillerFisher综合征(MFS)等。同时越来越多的变异形式,如咽颈臂型、多发脑神经型、截瘫型等被报道。因此,GBS被逐渐地认识到是一个疾病谱。既往研究发现并被证实神经节苷脂抗体与GBS相关,包括GM1、GM2、GM3、GM4、GD1a、GD1b、GT1a、GT1b、GQ1b等。而国内外关于伴有感觉平面的GBS的文献报道极少。本研究报道1例抗GM4IgM抗体阳性的胃肠道术后具有感觉平面的GBS患者,在既往研究中未见报道,旨在提高对此病的认识,减少误诊。

新疆乌鲁木齐县重大动物疾病强制免疫抗体检测与分析

【目的】科学评估新疆乌鲁木齐县近三年小反刍兽疫、口蹄疫及禽流感三种重大动物疫病强制免疫的防控效果。【方法】随机采集2021—2023年以来全县六个乡镇的规模养殖场和畜禽散养户共计6549份监测样本,采用小反刍兽疫和口蹄疫抗体ELISA检测试剂盒检测采集到的3000份羊血清和2701份牛血清;参照《高致病性禽流感诊断技术》(GB/T18936-2020)检测采集到的848份鸡血清。【结果】2021—2023年,乌鲁木齐县小反刍兽疫抗体合格率为84.8%、牛口蹄疫抗体合格率为80.8%、羊口蹄疫抗体合格率为84.4%、禽流感抗体合格率为91.4%,均超过农业农村部规定的抗体合格标准(≥70%)。【结论】乌鲁木齐县三种强制免疫重大动物疫病的免疫效果较好,强制免疫工作达到预期效果。

复合植物提取物对山麻雏鸭生长、免疫器官指数和免疫指标的影响

试验旨在研究复合植物提取物对山麻雏鸭生长性能、免疫器官指数和血清免疫指标的影响,选取健康1日龄山麻雏鸭1200只,单因素随机分组设计分为4组,每组300只,每组6个重复,每个重复50只。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验A、B和C组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的复合植物提取物。试验期42 d。结果表明:(1)42 d时,试验组平均日增重均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),试验B、C组料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,21 d时,试验C组脾脏指数显著升高(P<0.05),试验B组法氏囊指数显著升高(P<0.05),且显著高于其他2个试验组;42 d时,试验B、C组胸腺指数均显著升高(P<0.05);试验A、B组法氏囊指数均显著升高(P<0.05)。(3)与对照组相比,21 d时,试验B组IgM、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)含量显著增加(P<0.05),试验A、B组IgG含量均显著增加(P<0.05);试验C组白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、干扰素-γ(INF-γ)含量均显著增加(P<0.05);42 d时,试验组IgM、IgG含量均显著增加(P<0.05),试验B、C组IL-4和INF-γ含量均显著增加(P<0.05)。(4)试验组新城疫(ND)抗体水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,日粮添加不同比例的复合植物提取物能够促进山麻雏鸭生长性能、免疫器官生长发育,调节免疫功能和提高新城疫抗体水平,以1.0%比例效果最佳。

重组禽流感病毒(H5+H7)三价灭活疫苗免疫黄鸡抗体水平分析

H5或H7亚型高致病性禽流感是一种高度致死性传染病,它不仅给养禽业造成了巨大的危害和损失,还威胁着人类的生命健康安全。为了分析重组禽流感病毒(H5+H7)三价灭活疫苗(H5N1 Re-11株+H5N1 Re-12株和H7N9 H7-Re3株)免疫抗体水平,本研究对如皋市内14个养殖场近2万只黄鸡进行重组禽流感病毒三价灭活疫苗肌肉注射,免疫三周后,随机采集420份血液样品进行HI抗体效价检测。结果表明,免疫后的鸡群均无明显不良反应,可以诱导黄鸡产生良好的抗体,检测时具有较高的抗体效价,H5亚型Re-11株平均抗体效价为7.8log2,Re-12株平均抗体效价为8.2log2,H7亚型Re-3株的平均抗体效价为6.8log2,并且免疫抗体合格率均达到70%以上,对黄鸡具有良好的安全性和免疫保护效果,研究结果为有效地控制高致病性禽流感提供参考依据。

抗心磷脂抗体水平在稽留流产中的作用及与EMAb相关性分析

目的探究抗心磷脂抗体水平在稽留流产中的作用,并分析其与抗子宫内膜抗体(the endometrial antibodies,EMAb)水平的相关性。方法选择2019年10月—2022年8月于滕州市妇幼保健院接受治疗的200例稽留流产患者作为研究组,另取同期于滕州市妇幼保健院接受体格检查的200名正常妊娠女性为对照组,比较两组血清抗心磷脂抗体水平及EMAb水平差异,采用Pearson相关性分析探究抗心磷脂抗体水平与EMAb水平相关性,通过绘制ROC曲线的方式分别计算抗心磷脂抗体水平与EMAb在稽留流产中的诊断效能。结果研究组患者抗心磷脂抗体IgG、抗心磷脂抗体IgA、抗心磷脂抗体IgM水平、EMAb水平均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者血清EMAb水平与抗心磷脂抗体IgG、抗体IgA、抗体IgM水平均呈现正相关关系(r=0.552、r=0.586、r=0.417,P<0.05);血清抗心磷脂抗体IgG、抗心磷脂抗体IgA、抗心磷脂抗体IgM、EMAb对稽留流产的诊断曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.930(95%CI:0.886~0.974,P<0.05)、0.972(95%CI:0.940~1.000,P<0.05)、0.990(95%CI:0.979~1.000,P<0.05)、0.959(95%CI:0.927~0.990,P<0.05)。结论稽留流产女性抗心磷脂抗体水平与EMAb水平均明显呈现升高状态,且患者抗心磷脂抗体水平与EMAb水平呈现明显正相关性,抗心磷脂抗体水平与EMAb水平对稽留流产有一定的参考价值。

2020-2021年宁化县家畜A型口蹄疫抗体水平检测与分析

为评估宁化县猪、牛、羊A型口蹄疫疫苗的临床免疫效果,2020-2021年在全县16个乡镇共采集猪血清1161份、牛血清728份、羊血清504份,使用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行口蹄疫A型免疫抗体水平检测。结果显示:宁化县2020-2021年猪、牛、羊A型口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率分别为87.60%、90.25%、86.31%,均符合我国农业农村部要求的口蹄疫群体免疫合格率标准,表明A型口蹄疫整体免疫效果良好,但仍有个别乡镇免疫抗体水平较低,需要加强免疫,并持续改进免疫程序、免疫技术等,以有效抵御A型口蹄疫病毒的侵袭。

郑州市县级兽医实验室抗体和病原检测能力比对分析

对郑州市5个县级兽医实验室抗体和核酸检测能力进行比对。检测项目4个即禽流感病毒H5亚型(Re-13株)抗体、A型口蹄疫病毒抗体、羊布鲁氏菌抗体、非洲猪瘟核酸。检测结果总体准确率为91.6%。血凝抑制、试管凝集、酶联免疫吸附、荧光聚合酶链式反应4种检测方法准确率分别为96%、92%、100%、80%。检测结果全部正确的是A市和B市兽医实验室,C市、D市和E县兽医实验室检测结果准确率分别为89.5%、84.2%和84.2%。全市县级兽医实验室的抗体和病原检测能力总体处于较高的水平,但个别实验室还需提高荧光PCR检测能力。

不同圆环病毒2型疫苗对生长育肥猪影响的研究

为评估不同圆环病毒2型疫苗对生猪生长肥育期免疫效果,本试验选择国产和进口两种疫苗,对同一批23日龄断奶长大二元杂交去势仔猪360头,随机分成A、B、C三组,每组120头,A组免疫国产SEPPIC佐剂PCV2a全病毒灭活疫苗(WH株)、B组免疫进口水质佐剂亚单位疫苗(PCV2a Cap蛋白),C组不做任何处理。结果显示,与国产圆环病毒2型疫苗相比,进口疫苗在生长性能、抗体水平及免疫保护期等方面均表现出了较强的优势,经济效益较为显著。

Diversity of Helicobacter pylori isolates in expression of antigens and induction of antibodies

AIM: To obtain evidence for selection of antigens used in genetically engineered vaccine against Helicobacter pylori (H pylori). METHODS: Enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) was established on the basis of recombinant protein antigens rUreB, rHpaA, rVacA, rCagA1, rNapA, rFlaA and rFlaB of H pylori to detect expression rates of the antigens in bacterial isolates as well as positive rates of the antibodies in sera from H pylori-infected patients. PCR was applied to the detection of carrying rates of the genes encoding antigens in the isolates. RESULTS: The outputs of rUreB, rHpaA, rVacA, rCagA1, rNapA, rFlaA and rFlaB were approximately 35%, 32%, 15%, 23%, 56%, 25% and 20% of the total bacterial proteins, respectively. One hundred and fifty-one strains of H pylori were isolated from 347 biopsy specimens of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer or gastric adenocarcinoma, with a positive rate of 43.5%. All of the isolates expressed UreB, HpaA, FlaA and FlaB while 52.3%, 92.1% and 93.4% of the isolates expressed VacA, CagA and NapA, respectively. In the sera of 151 H pylori-infected patients, the positive ratesof IgG antibodies against UreB, HpaA, VacA, CagA, NapA, FlaA and FlaB were 100%, 87.4%, 43%, 71.5%, 89.4%, 84.8% and 79.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the expression frequencies of VacA and NapA were found to be relative to the severity of gastric diseases (P = 0.016 and P < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION: UreB antigen is the top option of developing genetically engineered vaccine against H pylori followed by NapA or HpaA.

St udy on Hsp90 Expression in Different Tissues and Its Antibody in Serum of Chickens Infected with Marek's Diseases

To investigate the dynamic change of heat shock protein 90 （Hsp90） in the genesis and development of tumor, we successfully established tumor animal model using Marek’s disease and then determined the location of Hsp90 in the tumor tissue using immunohistochemistry method, the antibody titer level of Hsp90 in the serum and the expression level in the tissue using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method. Our result showed that Hsp90 location in the tumor tissue was signiifcantly associated with the tumor cell and most in the cytoplasm of the tumor cell, and Hsp90 expression level in the tissue and the antibody titer level in the serum was most signiifcantly increased with the development of tumor. This is the ifrst report to show the presence of Hsp90 in tumor tissues induced by the Marek’s disease, with its expression correlated to the tumoral grading. These data may also be valuable for developing new molecular anti-cancer therapies.

A study of the relationship between expression level of TRF1 protein and telomerase activity in human acute leukemia

Objective： To study the expression level of TRF1 （telomeric repeat binding factor 1） protein in human acute leukemia and relationship between expression level of TRF1 protein and telomerase, Methods： A quantitative Western±Blot technique was developed using anti±TRF1^33±277 monoclonal antibody and GST±TRFI purity protein as a standard to further determine the expression level of TRF1 protein in total proteins extracted from clinical specimens. Results： Bone marrow tissues of 20 acute leukemia patients were studied, 11 healthy donors＇ bone marrows were taken as a control. The expression level of TRF1 protein was significantly higher （P〈0.01） in normal bone marrow （（2.2174±0.462） μg/μl） than that of acute leukemia patients （（0.7544±0.343） μg/μl）, But there was no remarkable difference between ALL and ANLL patients （（0.6184±0.285） μg/μl vs （0.8454±0.359） μg/μl, P〉0.05）. After chemotherapy, TRFI expression level of patients with complete remission elevated （（0.7724±0.307）/μg/μl vs （1.6834±0,344）μg/μl, P〈0.01 ）, but lower than that of normal （（2.2174±0.462）/μg/μl, P〈0.01）. There was no significantly difference after chemotherapy （（0.7264±0.411） μg/μl vs （0.895±0.339） μg/μl,p〉0.05）. TRF1 expression level of patients with complete remission is higher than that of patients without complete remission （（1,683±0.344）μg/μl vs （0.895±0.339）μg/μl P〈0.01）. All samples were determined for telomerase activity. It was confirmed that the activity of telomerase in normal bone marrow was lower than that of acute leukemia patients （（0.125±0.078） μg/μl vs （0.765±0.284）μg/μl, P〈0.01）. There was no significant difference of expression level ofTRF I protein between ALL and ANLL patients （（0.897±0.290） μg/μl vs （0.677±0.268） μg/μl, P〉0.05）. After chemotherapy, telomerase activity of patients with complete remission decreased （（0.393±0.125） μg/μl）, but was still higher than that of normal （（0.125±0.078） μg/μl, P〈0.01）. Conclusion： The expression level of TRF1 protein has correlativity to the activity of telomerase （P〈0.001）.

Effect of Viral Antigen Levels on the Serological Response and Efficiency of the Binary Ethylenimine-Inactivated Bluetongue Virus Serotype-16 Vaccine

Bluetongue (BT) is a serious hemorrhagic disease of ruminants caused by bluetongue virus (BTV). Inactive BTV vaccines have been successful in field trials in some areas, and inactivated vaccines are considered safer. However, information about the effect of the viral antigen level on the serological response and efficiency of the inactive BTV-16 vaccine is lacking. In the present study, the serological response and efficiency of the viral antigen concentration in the binary ethylenimine-inactivated Chinese BTV serotype-16 vaccine were investigated. The viral antigens in the viral suspension (VS) were quantified using a modified BTV AC-ELISA method. Four batches of vaccine containing 1, 5, 10, and 50 μg/ml of viral antigen were generated from the VS. Four groups of naive Chinese sheep were vaccinated with the different vaccine batches, and the serological response and vaccine efficiency were investigated before and after challenge infection. The vaccines containing 10 and 50 μg/ml of viral antigen induced significant ELISA and neutralizing antibody titers 14 days after vaccination, whereas the vaccines containing 1 and 5 μg/ml of viral antigen did not have these effects. A booster immunization at 21 days enhanced all groups’ antibody titers;however, the increased titer was related to the viral antigen level. In contrast to the serological response, the viral antigen level of the vaccines did not have a significant effect on the vaccine efficiency. With the exception of one sheep from the 5 μg/ml viral antigen group, all vaccinated sheep from the four antigen level groups showed strong resistance to infection based on their clinical symptoms, rectal temperatures and viremia. Collectively, these data suggested that viral antigen levels from 1 to 50 μg/ml had a significant effect on the serological response of the animals but a limited effect on the vaccine efficiency. The BTV-16 vaccine containing 1 μg/ml of viral antigen was sufficient to achieve high efficiency, but only the vaccines with more than 10 μg/ml of antigen induced a significant antibody response. To obtain a better serological response, we suggest the use of vaccines with more than 10 μg/ml of viral antigen. The findings in the study will be useful for BTV vaccine production.