Inversion of Seabed Geotechnical Properties in the Arctic Chukchi Deep Sea Basin Based on Time Domain Adaptive Search Matching Algorithm

The chirp sub-bottom profiler,for its high resolution,easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness,has been widely used in acoustic detection.In this paper,the acoustic impedance and grain size compositions were obtained based on the chirp sub-bottom profiler data collected in the Chukchi Plateau area during the 11th Arctic Expedition of China.The time-domain adaptive search matching algorithm was used and validated on our established theoretical model.The misfit between the inversion result and the theoretical model is less than 0.067%.The grain size was calculated according to the empirical relationship between the acoustic impedance and the grain size of the sediment.The average acoustic impedance of sub-seafloor strata is 2.5026×10^(6) kg(s m^(2))^(-1)and the average grain size(θvalue)of the seafloor surface sediment is 7.1498,indicating the predominant occurrence of very fine silt sediment in the study area.Comparison of the inversion results and the laboratory measurements of nearby borehole samples shows that they are in general agreement.

Modeling of Borehole Radar for Well Logging Using Pseudo-spectral Time Domain Algorithm

In this article, numerical modeling of borehole radar for well logging in time domain is developed using pseudo-spectral time domain algorithm in axisymmetric cylindrical coordinate for proximate true formation model. The conductivity and relative permittivity logging curves are obtained from the data of borehole radar for well logging. Since the relative permittivity logging curve is not affected by salinity of formation water, borehole radar for well logging has obvious advantages as compared with conventional electrical logging. The borehole radar for well logging is a one-transmitter and two-receiver logging tool. The conductivity and relative permittivity logging curves are obtained successfully by measuring the amplitude radio and the time difference of pulse waveform from two receivers. The calculated conductivity and relative permittivity logging curves are close to the true value of surrounding formation, which tests the usability and reliability of borehole radar for well logging. The numerical modeling of borehole radar for well logging laid the important foundation for researching its logging tool.

Light-scattering model for aerosol particles with irregular shapes and inhomogeneous compositions using a parallelized pseudo-spectral time-domain technique

To improve the modeling accuracy of radiative transfer,the scattering properties of aerosol particles with irregular shapes and inhomogeneous compositions should be simulated accurately.To this end,a light-scattering model for nonspherical particles is established based on the pseudo-spectral time domain(PSTD)technique.In this model,the perfectly matched layer with auxiliary differential equation(ADE-PML),an excellent absorption boundary condition(ABC)in the finite difference time domain generalized for the PSTD,and the weighted total field/scattered field(TF/SF)technique is employed to introduce the incident light into 3 D computational domain.To improve computational efficiency,the model is further parallelized using the Open MP technique.The modeling accuracy of the PSTD scheme is validated against Lorenz–Mie,Aden–Kerker,T-matrix theory and DDA for spheres,inhomogeneous particles and nonspherical particles,and the influence of the spatial resolution and thickness of ADE-PML on the modeling accuracy is discussed as well.Finally,the parallel computational efficiency of the model is also analyzed.The results show that an excellent agreement is achieved between the results of PSTD and well-tested scattering models,where the simulation errors of extinction efficiencies are generally smaller than 1%,indicating the high accuracy of our model.Despite its low spatial resolution,reliable modeling precision can still be achieved by using the PSTD technique,especially for large particles.To suppress the electromagnetic wave reflected by the absorption layers,a six-layer ADE-PML should be set in the computational domain at least.

Conformal Wavelet Finite-difference Time-domain Algorithm for Analysis of Milimeter Wave Attenuation on Coplanar Waveguide

Addressed is the calculation of millimeter wave attenuation on coplanar waveguide(CPW). A novel conformal wavelet finite-difference time-domain(CWFDTD) algorithm is proposed with emphasis on its application in calculation of millimeter wave attenuation on CPW, which is the combination of conformal algorithm dealing with the deformed cell with Wavelet-FDTD using multi-resolution analysis(MRA). Derived is the difference formulation for multi-resolution time domain(MRTD) based on Daubechies wavelets, and also given is the stability conditions for wavelet-FDTD algorithm. To validate its accuracy and efficiency, this novel method is applied to calculate the millimeter wave attenuation on lithium niobate CPW. Numerical results demonstrate that this new CWFDTD algorithm has the same accuracy with the conformal finite-difference time-domain(CFDTD) and conformal finite-difference time-domain based on alternating-direction implicit method(ADI-CFDTD), but saves computational time and computer memory.

Analysis of OSA Syndrome from PPG Signal Using CART-PSO Classifier with Time Domain and Frequency Domain Features

Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA)is a respiratory syndrome that occurs due to insufficient airflow through the respiratory or respiratory arrest while sleeping and sometimes due to the reduced oxygen saturation.The aim of this paper is to analyze the respiratory signal of a person to detect the Normal Breathing Activity and the Sleep Apnea(SA)activity.In the proposed method,the time domain and frequency domain features of respiration signal obtained from the PPG device are extracted.These features are applied to the Classification and Regression Tree(CART)-Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)classifier which classifies the signal into normal breathing signal and sleep apnea signal.The proposed method is validated to measure the performance metrics like sensitivity,specificity,accuracy and F1 score by applying time domain and frequency domain features separately.Additionally,the performance of the CART-PSO(CPSO)classification algorithm is evaluated through comparing its measures with existing classification algorithms.Concurrently,the effect of the PSO algorithm in the classifier is validated by varying the parameters of PSO.

High Precision Time Domain Forward Modeling for Crosshole Electromagnetic Tomography

To improve the resolution of crosshole electromagnetic tomography, high precision of forward modeling is necessary. A pseudo-spectral time domain （PSTD） forward modeling was used to simulate electromagnetic wave propagation between two boreholes. The PSTD algorithm is based on the finite difference time domain （FDTD） method and uses the fast Fourier transform （FFT） algorithm for spatial derivatives in Maxwell＇s equations. Besides having the strongpoint of the FDTD method, the calculation precision of the PSTD algorithm is higher than that of the FDTD method under the same calculation condition. The forward modeling using the PSTD method will play an important role in enhancing the resolution of crosshole electromagnetic tomography.

A HIGH ACCURATE TIME-DOMAIN-ADVANCE INTEGRATION METHOD FOR TRANSIENT ELASTODYNAMIC PROBLEMS

All step-by-step integration methods available at present for structural dynamic analysis use the displacement, velocity, and acceleration vectors computed at a previous interval for evaluating those at an advanced time step. Hence, an accumulated error will be definitely introduced after such integration. This paper presents a novel time-domain-advance integration method for transient elastodynamic problems in which the exact initial conditions are strictly satisfied for the solutions for each time step. In this way, the accumu- lated error can be eliminated and the approximate solutions will converge to the exact ones uniformly on the whole time domain. Therefore. the new method is more accurate. When applying to a structural dynamic problem, the present mehtod does not have to use the initial acceleration as is required by most other algorithms and the corresponding computation can be avoided. The present method is simple in representation, easy to be programmed, and especially suitable for accurate analyses of long-time problems. The comparison of numerical results with exact ones shows that the present method is much more accurate than some most widely used algorithms.

融合多特征信息与GWO-SVM的机械关键设备故障诊断

为了提高机械关键设备故障诊断的精度,建立机械关键设备故障诊断模型。文章提出一种融合机械关键设备故障信号多特征信息与灰狼优化算法(Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm,GWO)改进支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)(GWO-SVM)的机械关键设备故障诊断模型。首先,提取机械关键设备故障信号的时域特征、频域特征和多尺度加权排列熵特征,分别对比不同特征的机械关键设备故障诊断结果。其次,为提高SVM模型性能,运用GWO算法对SVM模型的惩罚参数P和核函数参数g进行优化选择,提出一种融合多特征信息与GWO-SVM的机械设备故障诊断模型。与GA-SVM、PSO-SVM和SVM相比,基于GWO-SVM的机械设备故障诊断模型的诊断精度最高。这里算法可以有效提高机械关键设备故障诊断正确率,为机械关键设备故障诊断提供了新的方法。

基于优化变分模态分解的混凝土浅层空洞病害识别

针对开放环境下混凝土空洞病害检测的病害特征识别中噪声干扰、成分识别问题进行了研究,提出了基于优化变分模态分解(improved variational mode decomposition,IVMD)与自由振动衰减速度的混凝土浅层病害声振信号识别方法。该研究建立了混凝土浅层空洞病害的理论模型,仿真了不同工况下的病害特征频率及其变化规律;提出了基于IVMD的信号分解方法,设计了基于Tent混沌与柯西变异优化的麻雀搜索算法联合搜索变分模态分解的关键参数k和α,在最佳分解的基础上提出了基于自相关函数图形、相关系数、衰减系数与频域分布情况的浅层空洞病害本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF)识别方法;选取幅值衰减评估了特征IMF的衰减速度,得出了基于振动衰减特征的空洞病害识别方法;通过预埋病害模型试验对比分析,验证了所提方法的有效性。研究结果表明,基于IVMD的分解方法能够有效降低噪声及其他成分的干扰,提高空洞病害识别精度和准确度。

多机器人协同路径的时域协作-势场A*规划

为了减小多机器人协同工作路径长度并提高路径平滑度,提出了基于时域协作-势场A*算法的多机器人协同规划方法。建立了机器人工作环境的栅格模型,分析了传统A*算法辅助信息不充分的问题。为了充分利用环境中的障碍物和目标点位置等先验信息,基于势场法将障碍物和目标点信息引入到A*算法辅助信息中,提出了基于势场A*算法的单机器人路径规划方法。使用三维时空图代替二维平面图,可以有效判断出多机器人碰撞问题,并根据碰撞类型制定了避撞策略。经验证,势场A*算法规划的路径长度和平滑度均优于传统A*算法、文献[11]蚁群算法;在多机器人协同路径规划中,在规划出各机器人最优路径基础上,可以有效解决机器人之间的碰撞问题。实验结果验证了时域协作-势场A*算法在多机器人协同路径规划中的有效性和优越性。

多元化渐进域迁移弱监督实时目标检测

针对像素级自适应较大的图像翻译偏差,特征级自适应的源偏判别风险以及弱监督学习无法兼顾检测准确性和实时性等问题,提出了多元化域移位器和伪边界框生成器以逐步调整预训练模型,在像素级与特征级渐进完成自适应的域迁移框架。通过域移位器从源域生成多样化的中间域图像调整检测模型以弥合域差距,减小图像翻译偏差。将中间域作为监督的源域,并结合目标域中的图像级标签生成伪标注图像调整检测模型以改善源偏判别性。基于SSD算法构建与域迁移框架相匹配的实时目标检测器,实现弱监督条件下的实时目标检测。在PASCAL VOC迁移至Clipart1k等数据集上的mAP优于现有方法0.4%~4.7%,检测速度为32 FPS~47 FPS,提高准确率的同时满足了实时检测的要求,具有更优越的迁移检测性能。

基于CGOA-MAM-TCN算法的车用锂电池荷电状态估计

针对数据驱动的锂电池荷电状态估计方法仍然存在对大量标定数据的依赖、同时应对动态变化和复杂运行状况时表现不佳等问题,提出了改进蝗虫算法优化结合时域卷积网络和多头注意力机制的锂电池荷电状态估计方法。首先利用时域卷积网络对锂电池荷电时间序列数据中的长期依赖关系进行建模,同时采用多头注意力机制学习数据特征长期依赖关系,利用每个注意力头去计算序列中不同张量的依赖关系,辅助时域卷积神经网络增强对依赖关系的捕获,降低其对大量标定数据的依赖;另外为使模型发挥出最佳性能,改进了混沌蝗虫算法优化模型的超参数。试验结果表明:在不同温度条件下,相较于其他方法,优化模型在锂电池荷电状态估计任务中表现出更好的准确率和稳定性。

基于PSO-SVM的Φ-OTDR系统模式识别研究

针对相位敏感光时域反射仪(phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer,Φ-OTDR)系统中误报率高的问题,提出一种多域特征提取与粒子群算法优化支持向量机(particle swarm optimization-support vector machine,PSO-SVM)相结合的模式识别算法。首先,对原始信号进行差分处理后提取时域特征,并利用小波包分解方法,通过验证不同分解层数下的事件分类准确率,设定最优分解层数为6层,提取差分信号的能量特征。然后以SVM分类器为基础,利用PSO算法优化SVM分类器参数,提高光纤振动信号识别准确率。最后利用Φ-OTDR事件数据集进行验证,实验结果表明,该模式识别算法达到了95.6%的振动事件分类准确率。

自适应调零天线动态性能影响因素研究

本文针对卫星导航接收机的功率倒置(PI)算法在动态环境下受到最优权值处理速度的制约,导致动态抗干扰性能下降这一个问题,通过建立动态仿真环境,以七阵元均匀圆阵作为天线布阵的仿真模型,研究了不同权值更新速率对动态抗干扰性能的影响,证明了权值更新速率的提升对动态抗干扰性能也有相应的提高。并且分析了在不同快拍数以及不同时域抽头数对动态抗干扰性能的影响,证明了可以通过适当选择快拍数和时域抽头数来提高权值更新速率。本研究为建立更加完善的工程实现方案提供了理论依据,对存在类似需求的空时自适应调零天线抗干扰系统具有一定的参考价值。

基于差分进化粒子群混合算法的多无人机协同区域搜索策略

为提高无人机群在未知环境中的区域搜索效率,提出一种多无人机协同区域搜索策略。首先,根据区域搜索任务需求,建立包含区域覆盖率、区域不确定度、目标存在概率三种属性的区域信息地图;其次,以最大化搜索效率、同时最小化无人机搜索过程中的能耗为目标,建立无人机区域搜索滚动时域优化目标函数,指导无人机在线决策搜索路线;然后针对传统群智能优化算法易陷入局部最优的缺陷,设计差分进化粒子群混合算法在线求解该多目标优化问题,提高算法的寻优性能,从而提高无人机的搜索效率。最后,通过数值仿真实验,对所提算法进行验证,仿真结果表明,文中设计的基于差分进化粒子群混合算法的多无人机协同区域搜索策略与传统的群智能优化算法相比具有更高的区域搜索效率。

基于滤波算法的隧道全时域激发极化超前探测正演方法

为进一步提高隧道全时域激发极化多参数超前探测的效果,采用滤波算法进行计算时间域等效电阻率,采用有限单元法进行计算,提出一种基于滤波算法的隧道全时域激发极化超前探测正演方法。该方法针对时间域Cole-Cole表达式计算收敛性差的问题,引入滤波算法进行时间域激发极化等效电阻率的计算,提高算法的收敛性;针对正演过程中大型矩阵求解影响计算效率的问题,引入OpenMP并行算法,实现隧道全时域激发极化超前探测正演的加速运算。最后,开展数值算例和物理模型试验。研究结果表明:该正演方法对异常体有敏感响应,且在加快正演速度具有显著优势。通过基于滤波算法的隧道全时域激发极化超前探测获得的观测数据与实际探测数据较为相符,这为基于全时域激发极化隧道超前探测提供了一种可行的正演算法。

面向电力管廊外破监测的分布式光纤传感技术研究

电力管廊是城市里重要的基础设施,对其结构和状态进行监测及评估备受关注。本文针对电力管廊外力破坏监测的问题,提出一种基于衰减补偿的光时域差分曲线方差阈值定位振动事件的方案,并通过实验论证了其定位外破事件的准确性。该方案基于相敏型光时域反射系统架构,根据管廊外破事件引起的光纤振动导致光时域反射曲线在该事件位置处混乱度急剧增加的现象,对不同测量序列得到的光时域反射曲线作差,然后对光纤各位置对应的差值向量数据求方差,设定方差阈值定位外破事件。同时,考虑到光纤衰减导致方差阈值随距离增加而降低的问题,采用衰减补偿算法使光纤上任意散射位置对应相同的脉冲功率水平,从而修正光纤衰减对方差阈值的影响。实验搭建了分布式光纤振动传感系统,采用脉宽为30 ns、峰值功率为30 dBm的光脉冲,在约25 km的光纤范围,获得±3 m的定位精度。电力管廊外力破坏事件,具有低频、大扰动、持续长的特点,所提出系统方案通过曲线平均抑制瑞利散射衰落噪声,结合光纤衰减补偿校正散射信号幅值,从而将振动事件引起的光信号相位变化作为探测曲线波动的主导因素,以确保对外力破坏事件不漏报、不误报。

一种基于冲激响应的瞬态噪声近似预报方法

为了提高水下结构瞬态噪声的计算效率和准确性,提出一种基于冲激响应的瞬态噪声近似预报方法。该方法适用于已知结构表面法向振速时的瞬态辐射噪声预报,它通过时域快速算法求解与辐射问题相互易的脉冲点源散射问题获取结构表面各单元的冲激响应,再将各冲激响应与该处相应的法向振速信号作卷积,最后以单元面积为权重对卷积结果进行加权求和便可计算出最终的瞬态噪声场。利用2种典型的解析模型,通过与时域解析解的对比验证了该方法的正确性。针对镶嵌于圆形障板的管阵列结构,利用该近似预报方法对已确定法向振速边界条件下的瞬态辐射噪声进行计算,并结合该模型几何结构分析了考察场点处辐射噪声信号的时间特征及声能量空间指向性。

基于时域射线追踪算法的电场波形特性研究

利用时域射线追踪算法,构建出简化开关柜模型并模拟局部放电,仿真分析局放电磁波到达不同检测点的时域特性.由于多径传播,最短路径与其它路径存在到达时间差,通过叠加时间差相近路径的波形幅值,分析检测点时域波形混叠的原因,对比不同检测点的时域接收波形,分析波形畸变的原因.研究结果为开关柜内局部放电的电磁波传播规律提供新方法,为后续优化超高频检测天线的安装摆放提供参考依据.

基于OpenSees的饱和土场地中地下结构地震反应研究

应用OpenSees有限元计算程序,选取某地铁车站结构为主要分析对象,构建了饱和土-地下结构体系地震反应运算模型,并利用该模型进行系统的地震反应计算。将现场饱和土动力反应视为饱和两相介质近场波动问题,选取时域显式数值算法进行计算,同时考虑了土体的弹塑性。研究结果显示:(1)因选取弹塑性土体本构,土体-地下结构的位移反应时程和输入地震动的位移时程体现出了显著性差异。(2)对于两层三跨地下结构,在以剪切波形式输入的地震动作用下,顶板的峰值加速度和侧向位移最大,中板次之,底板最小,场地土体对地震波具有放大效应,顶层的层间位移大于底层。(3)在地震动作用下,地下结构不同区域应力时程的改变规律存在非常显著的差异。中柱底部与底板节点处的应力峰值最大。地震动输入结束时,结构存在残余应力。