Chemical Constituents of Pu-erh Tea and Its Inhibition Effect on α-amylase in vitro

[Objective]The aim was to clarify the chemical substance basis of hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects of Pu-erh Tea. [Method]Pu-erh Tea was extracted with 95% ethanol,followed by petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate and n-butanol extraction,after the further purification and through the NKA-9 macroporous resin and many times of Sephadex column chromatography,two compounds were isolated,in the same time,the effect of Uracil and Gallic acid on α-amylase was studied. [Result]The Uracil and Gallic acid were isolated and identified respectively from Pu-erh Tea and the Uracil was firstly isolated from Pu-erh Tea; Gallic acid had strong inhibition on α-amylase. [Conclusion]It could provide some theories on the hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects of Pu-erh Tea.

Study on Pu-erh Tea Methanol Extracts on Antibacterial Activity of Several Plant Pathogens

[Objective] The aim was to study Pu-erh tea methanol extracts on antibacterial activity of several plant pathogens and provide reference for application of Pu-erh tea in agriculture disease prevention and control.[Method]The inhibitive effect of Pu-erh tea methanol extracts on several plant pathogens was studied by adopting mycelium growth rate method.[Result] The results showed that Pu-erh tea methanol extracts had inhibitive effects on Thanatephorus cucomeris(Frank)Donk,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum,Fusa...

Analysis of α-amylase Inhibitor Content Change in Pu-erh Tea During Pile-fermentation Process

The study was to investigate the changes of α-amylase inhibitor content in Pu-erh tea during pile-fermentation process. Pu-erh tea samples from two regions of Shuangjiang County and Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County of Yunnan Province at various fermentation stages were used as experimental materials to investigate the effect of different fermentation stages on the inhibitory effect to α-amylase; and the change law of the inhibitory effect of c-amylase inhibitor during processing was meanwhile studied by determining the contents of tea polyphenol and amino acid. The results showed that crude meterial of Pu-erh tea presented strong inhibitory effect to α-amylase; this inhibitory effect assumed a de： creasing trend to the minimum at the middle stage of fermentation, whereafter it increased to some extent. Made tea also showed a strong inhibitory effect to α-amylase. During whole processing period, contents of tea polyphenol and amino acid generally assumed a remarkably decreasing trend. Our results provided references for further isolating co-amylase inhibitor from Pu-erh tea and discussing the mechanism of its health care function.

Factors Influencing the Effects of Theabrownin in Pu-erh Tea on Scavenging DPPH Radicals

[Objective] This study aimed to explore factors influencing the effects of theabrownin in Pu-erh tea on scavenging DPPH radicals. [Method] Taking Pu-erh tea as main research object, theabrownin in Pu-erh tea from tea piles with different times of mixture, stored for different years and processed by both the old and new techniques were extracted and isolated. And DPPH method was used to study the effects of theabrownin solution and tea liquor on scavenging radicals and their antioxidant activity. [Result] The result showed that the theabrownin content in Pu-erh tea from tea piles with one to four times of mixture revealed a first declining and subsequently rising trend. Under different pH conditions, the rates of DPPH radical scavenging of 1 mg/ml theabrownin solution made from tea piles with different times of mixture decreased gradually with the increase of pH, and all the rates were lower than that of the control vitamin C solution; the rates of DPPH radical scavenging of theabrownin from tea samples stored for different years and produced by different techniques dropped slowly within pH range 3.0-6.0; when pH was higher than 6.0, the rates of DPPH radical scavenging of theabrownin from tea samples produced by both new and traditional techniques in 2001 declined obviously, while the declining trend was not obvious in either the black tea or the Pu-erh tea produced by new technique in 2005. Under different theabrownin concentrations, the rates of DPPH radical scavenging of theabrownin solution made from tea piles with different times of mixture ascended as the concentration increased and the highest rate occurred in tea pile with four times of mixture, reaching up to 46.56%±0.88%; for tea samples stored for different years and produced by different techniques, the rates of DPPH radical scavenging of theabrownin rose gradually with the increase of the theabrownin concentration; the rate of radical scavenging of theabrownin in the black tea ascended obviously and that in Pu-erh tea was decreasing within the concentration range of 0.04 -0.06 mg/ml. At pH6.0, the DPPH radical scavenging ability of theabrownin in 0.1 mg/ml theabrownin solution and tea liquor containing 0.1mg/ml theabrownin from tea piles with different times of mixture ascended with the time of mixture; solution made from tea samples produced by different techniques in different years, the DPPH radical scavenging ability of theabrownin solution and tea liquor followed： Pu-erh tea produced by the new technique in 2001 ﹥ Pu-erh tea produced by the old technique in 2001﹥ Pu-erh tea produced by the new technique in 2005. And the DPPH radical scavenging ability of theabrownin in tea liquor containing 0.1 mg/ml theabrownin was higher than that in 0.1 mg/ml theabrownin Solution made from tea samples either with different times of mixture or produced by different techniques in different years. The above results indicated that many factor influenced the effects of theabrownin on eliminating DPPH radicals, including the time of fermentation, fermentation technique, years of storage, concentration and pH all had great influence on the effects of theabrownin on eliminating radicals. To ensure a good effect on scavenging radicals, it is better to prepare theabrownin at pH6.0 with concentration between 0.08 and 0.1 mg/ml for drinking. [Conclusion] Results of this study provide a basis for developing functional products of theabrownin from Pu-erh tea in the future.

Analysis of Monosaccharide Composition of Pu-erh Tea Polysaccaride by Pre-column Derivatization HPLC

[Objective] This study aimed to establish a pre-column derivatization HPLC method for the identification and analysis of monosaccharide composition of Pu-erh tea polysaccharide. [Method] Pu-erh tea polysaccharide was extracted using the wa- ter extraction method, further isolated and purified by DEAE cellulose-52 columns. The obtained tea polysaccharide and four components TPS1, TPS2, TPS3 and TPS, were first derived by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone （PMP）, and then the PMP derivatives of monosaccharide were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatog- raphy （HPLC）. [Result] Pu-erh tea polysaccharide contained eight kinds of monosac- chaddes （mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, grucose, galactose, arabinose, fucose）, without xylose; so it was the same with TPS1; each of TPS2, TPS3 and TPS4 contained seven monosaccharides, while no fucose. [Conclusion] This method is simplified and rapid, which can be used to determine the monosac- charide composition of Pu-erh tea polysaccharide and monosaccharide content.

Reducing oxidative stress and hepatoprotective effect of water extracts from Pu-erh tea on rats with high-fat diet

Reducing oxidative stress and hepatoprotective effect of Pu-erh tea water extracts on rats fed with high-fat diet were researched for explaining health care of Pu-erh tea.Fifty SD rats were divided into five groups.The body weight was measured once a day.The malondialdehyde(MDA)and glucose(Glu)levels and the activities of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),nitric oxide synthase(NOS),and pyruvate kinase(PK)in serum were determined.Furthermore,the hepatic glycogen level(HGL)and the activities of hepatic total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)were also measured after continuous administration for 12 weeks.The result demonstrated that Pu-erh extract caused the decreases in body weight,fat index,MDA and NOS levels,and the increases in hepatic T-SOD,CAT and GSH-Px activities,indicating that the extract may be due to inhibiting the increases of body weight and fat index,reducing oxidant stress state and inhibiting lipid peroxidation,thus decreasing the activities of ALT and AST,and protecting the liver in rat.Meanwhile,the extracts could increase the production of hepatic glycogen and the activity of PK,and reduce glucose level,protecting the liver from the diseases associated with type II diabetes.

Detection of composition of functional component theabrownins in Pu-erh tea by degradation method

Habitual tea consumption can reduce the risk of ASCVD morbidity and mortality and all-cause mortality in China,and long-term adherence to this habit can provide greater protection.Pu-erh tea is one of the representatives of post-fermented teas,and the polymers in Pu-erh tea have anti-cancer and anti-hyperlipidemic activities,but their chemical composition is still unknown.In this study,the chemical composition of Pu-erh tea was investigated in detail and eight(1–8)known compounds were isolated.The polymers in Pu-erh tea were also degraded by thiol degradation,and the fragments of quercetin and(–)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate were found in the thiol degradation products of Pu-erh tea polymers by UPLC observation and separation and purification.This is the first time that this fragment was obtained in Pu-erh tea polymer.

Research on the Extraction Process of Pu-erh Tea Polysaccharide by Response Surface Analysis

[Objective] This study aimed to optimize the extraction process parameters of Pu-erh tea polysaccharide. [Method] Single-factor experiment was carried out to analyze the influences of three main factors, including extraction temperature, ex- traction duration and solid-liquid ratio, on the extraction yield of tea polysaccharide. Box-Behnken central composite design and response surface methodology were adopted to determine the optimal extraction process of Pu-erh tea polysaccharide. [Result] The results of response surface analysis showed that the optimal extraction process was solid-liquid ratio of 1：17, extraction temperature of 80 ℃ and extraction duration of 78.5 min, and the Pu-erh tea polysaccharide yield was 12.72%. [Conclu- sion] Using response surface methodology （RSM） is feasible for the optimization of Pu-erh tea polysaccharide extraction process, and the tea polysaccharide yield increased significantly.

Pu-erh tea: A review of a healthful brew

Pu-erh tea has been used for thousands of years to treat metabolic diseases.Recognized in Shen Nong's Herbal Classic,a compendium kept by the first traditional Chinese practitioners,it is still highly valued for its hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic effects.This review reports the processing and bioactive components of pu-erh tea.Recent human and animal studies of pu-erh tea and its potential therapeutic mechanisms have also been summarized.The interaction of liver and gut microbiome regulates the puerh tea biotransformation and endogenous metabolism,and thus contributes to the health benefits.

Inhibitory Effects of Pu-erh Tea Leaves on Mouse Type IV Allergy

Pu-erh tea is one of post fermented tea manufactured through oxidative maturing by microorganisms. We investigated the preventive effects of pu-erh tea extract on oxazolone-induced type IV allergy in male (ICR) mice. Oral administration of 50 mg/kg water extract of pu-erh tea leaves resulted in significant preventive effects against mouse type IV allergy. The hydrophilic Theabrownin-like fraction (TBW-ND), with a high molecular weight of approximately 12,000 or higher, was prepared from pu-erh tea leaves by a solvent-extraction method, followed by Diaion HP-20 column chro-matography and dialysis. Oral and percutaneous administrations of TBW-ND at doses of 18.7 mg/kg and 0.037 mg/ear also resulted in significant preventive effects, which included preventing increases in levels of the proinflam-matory cytokine interleukin-12. The anti-allergic ingredients in TBW-ND were predicted to be highly complex compounds containing of polyphenols, polysaccharides and/or proteins. The results suggest pu-erh tea leaves could be a beneficial food for protecting against delayed-type allergy.

Anti-Obesity, Anti-Atherosclerotic and Anti-Oxidant Effects of Pu-Erh Tea on a High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rat Model

Pu-erh tea, a traditional Chinese beverage, has been believed to have many benefits to human health and without side effects. In this study, we systematically analyzed the main active components of Pu-erh tea and investigated its anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-oxidant effects using an obese rat model. Obesity was induced by feeding a high-fat diet and subsequently the experimental obese mice were fed with high-fat diet supplemented with low (2.5%), medium (5%) or high (7.5%) doses of Pu-erh tea powder for 6 weeks respectively. As result, the body weight gain of the rats was decreased by medium and high doses of Pu-erh tea treatments. Furthermore, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and atherosclerosis index (AI) were significantly lowered by Pu-erh tea compared to the control group. Conversely, high density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) level of the rats was significantly elevated by Pu-erh tea treatments. In addition, Pu-erh tea treatments increased the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxides (GSH-Px), whereas reduced the level of lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) in obese rats. Collectively, our find-ings revealed that Pu-erh tea exerts comprehensive benefits in anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-oxidant effects, therefore can be used as a promising functional food in obesity management.

TEAD1/TEAD4基因多态性与非贲门胃癌变关系的研究

目的探讨TEA转录因子1(TEAD1)基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)rs2304733、TEA转录因子4(TEAD4)SNPrs7135838和rs1990330与非贲门胃癌变发病风险的关系。方法采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测正常对照组血清样本中抗幽门螺杆菌(Hp)的特异性抗体,根据抗体滴度将470例正常对照组分为Hp感染阴性组(n=223)和阳性组(n=247)。在450例非贲门胃癌病例组和470例对照组中,采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术对各SNP位点进行基因分型,采用非条件性Logistic回归评估各SNP位点与非贲门胃癌变发病风险的关系。结果TEAD1、TEAD4各SNP位点均与Hp感染没有关联;TEAD1 rs2304733与非贲门胃癌的发病风险相关,与携带TT基因型者相比,携带CT基因型及CC基因型者均增加了非贲门胃癌的发病风险(CTvsTT:OR=2.321,95%CI:1.690~3.188;CCvsTT:OR=5.140,95%CI:1.080~24.463);TEAD4 rs1990330与非贲门胃癌发病风险相关,与携带GG基因型者相比,携带GT基因型者增加了非贲门胃癌的发病风险(OR=2.405,95%CI:1.480~3.908);TEAD4 rs7135838与非贲门胃癌的发病风险无关联;TEAD1rs2304733、TEAD4 rs7135838以及rs1990330对非贲门胃癌发病风险存在交互作用(P<0.05)。结论在包头地区汉族人群中,TEAD1 rs2304733、TEAD4 rs1990330在Hp感染中不起主要作用,在非贲门胃癌发病风险中可能起一定作用;TEAD4 rs7135838在Hp感染以及非贲门胃癌发病风险中可能均不起主要作用;TEAD1 rs2304733、TEAD4 rs1990330对非贲门胃癌发病风险的协同效应最强,为最佳交互模型。

Development of the fingerprints of crude Pu-erh tea and ripened Pu-erh tea by high-performance liquid chromatography

A simple and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）method to generate the fingerprints of crude Pu-erh tea（CPT）and ripened Pu-erh tea（RPT）is described.A suitable chromatographic system was established using a linear gradient elution with acetonitrile and water containing 0.6% formic acid as the mobile phase and a detection wavelength of 300 nm.HPLC analysis identified 24 common peaks among RPT and 21 common peaks among CPT.This study revealed that crude Pu-erh tea and ripened Pu-erh tea contained some similar major constituents,but with distinctive peaks,which may be caused by the difference in the fermentation process.This HPLC fingerprint method could be used to evaluate and authenticate crude Pu-erh tea and ripened Pu-erh tea.

Influence of the post-fermentation by four Aspergillus strains on the aroma of pu-erh tea

Aroma is one of the most important factors for the flavor, taste, and quality of pu-erh tea, and the post-fermentation process has an important influence on the aroma of pu-erh tea. In the present study, the influence of fungi fermentation on the flavor of pu-erh tea was investigated and compared. Volatile compounds from pu-erh tea fermented by four Aspergillus strains, including A. niger, A. oryzae, /1. awamori, and A. glaueus, were extracted and analyzed using ultrasound-assisted extraction-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （UAE-DLLME-GC-MS）, and a total of 63 volatile compounds were identified. In comparison with the sun-dried green tea, fermented pu-erh tea contained high levels of methoxyphenolic compounds, such as 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene, which was the most abundant one. Our results confirmed that the characteristic methoxyphenolic compounds were produced by the activity of Aspergillus during the post-fermentation process, and A. niger and A. awamori were the most important strains for the formation of aroma quality of pu-erh tea.

CircFoxo3调节miR-130a-5p/TEAD1轴对心力衰竭大鼠心肌细胞凋亡影响的实验研究

目的探讨环状RNA叉头框蛋白O3(CircFoxo3)调节miR-130a-5p/TEA域转录因子1(TEAD1)轴对心力衰竭(HF)大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法将SD大鼠分为对照组、HF组、si-NC组、si-CircFoxo3组、agomir NC组、miR-130a-5p agomir组、si-CircFoxo3+antagomir NC组、si-CircFoxo3+miR-130a-5p antagomir组,每组18只。除对照组外,其他组大鼠均通过腹腔注射盐酸阿霉素的方法构建HF大鼠模型。建模成功后进行药物处理,每3 d给药一次,持续3周。应用反转录实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)法检测心肌组织中CircFoxo3、miR-130a-5p表达水平。应用彩色多普勒超声仪检测大鼠左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)水平。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测大鼠血清人基质裂解素2(ST_(2))、N端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)水平。应用HE染色、Masson染色检测大鼠心肌组织病理变化和心肌纤维化情况。通过TUNEL染色检测心肌细胞凋亡水平。应用Western blot法检测大鼠心肌组织TEA域转录因子1(TEAD1)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、裂解的天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(cleaved caspase-3)蛋白表达水平。通过双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证CircFoxo3与miR-130a-5p、miR-130a-5p与TEAD1的关系。结果与对照组比较,HF组大鼠心肌组织病理损伤、心肌纤维化严重,LVESD、LVEDD水平上升,心肌组织CircFoxo3及TEAD1、Bax、cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达水平升高,血清ST_(2)、NT-pro BNP水平升高,心肌细胞凋亡率升高,LVEF、miR-130a-5p和Bcl-2蛋白水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与HF组、si-NC组比较,si-CircFoxo3组大鼠心肌组织病理损伤减轻,LVESD、LVEDD水平降低,心肌组织CircFoxo3及TEAD1、Bax、cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达水平降低,血清ST_(2)、NT-pro BNP水平降低,心肌细胞凋亡率降低,LVEF、miR-130a-5p及Bcl-2蛋白水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与HF组、agomir NC组比较,miR-130a-5p agomir组大鼠心肌组织病理损伤、心肌纤维化有所改善,LVESD、LVEDD水平降低,心肌组织TEAD1、Bax、cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达水平降低,血清ST_(2)、NT-pro BNP水平降低,心肌细胞凋亡率降低,LVEF、miR-130a-5p及Bcl-2蛋白水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与si-CircFoxo3组、si-CircFoxo3+antagomir NC组比较,si-CircFoxo3+miR-130a-5p antagomir组大鼠心肌组织病理损伤、心肌纤维化加剧,LVESD、LVEDD水平升高,心肌组织TEAD1、Bax、cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达水平升高,血清ST_(2)、NT-pro BNP水平升高,心肌细胞凋亡率升高,LVEF、miR-130a-5p、Bcl-2蛋白水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CircFoxo3与miR-130a-5p、miR-130a-5p与TEAD1存在靶向关系。结论沉默CircFoxo3可能通过海绵化上调miR-130a-5p来抑制TEAD1表达,进而抑制HF大鼠心肌细胞凋亡。

Antibacterial mechanism of kojic acid and tea polyphenols against Escherichia coli O157:H7 through transcriptomic analysis

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the major foodborne pathogenic bacterial that cause infectious diseases in humans.The previous found that a combination of kojic acid and tea polyphenols exhibited better activity against E.coli O157:H7 than using either alone.This study aimed to explore responses underlying the antibacterial mechanisms of kojic acid and tea polyphenols from the gene level.The functional enrichment analysis by comparing kojic acid and tea polyphenols individually or synergistically against E.coli O157:H7 found that acid resistance systems in kojic acid were activated,and the cell membrane and genomic DNA were destructed in the cells,resulting in“oxygen starvation”.The oxidative stress response triggered by tea polyphenols inhibited both sulfur uptake and the synthesis of ATP,which affected the bacteria's life metabolic process.Interestingly,we found that kojic acid combined with tea polyphenols hindered the uptake of iron that played an essential role in the synthesis of DNA,respiration,tricarboxylic acid cycle.The results suggested that the iron uptake pathways may represent a novel approach for kojic acid and tea polyphenols synergistically against E.coli O157:H7 and provided a theoretical basis for bacterial pathogen control in the food industry.

Characterization of mulberry leaf instant tea and evaluation of its hypolipidemia effect via regulation of intestinal microbiota

The purpose of this study was to characterize mulberry leaf instant tea(MLIT)powder prepared from the'Longsang No.1'(Morus abla L.cv.Longsang 1)mulberry leaves in Heilongjiang Province(China)and assess its obesity-preventing/relieving effects.A total of 174 compounds including quercetin,chlorogenic acid,1-deoxyecomycin(1-DNJ)related to antihyperlipidemia effects were identified from the MLIT powder.MLIT treatment reversed the Lee's index,fat coefficient,and serum biochemical parameters in both the obesity relieving and obesity preventing mice fed with high-fat diet.In the obesity relieving experiment,the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio in mouse feces decreased after both 0.5%and 1%MLIT treatments.In obesity preventing experiments,mouse with different amount of MLIT treatments showed increased relative abundance of Akkermansia,Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus,while Deferribacteres,Desulfobacterota decreased.The beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract of mice treated with MLIT increased.This study proved that MLIT had antihyperlipidemia potential via modulating intestinal microbiota in mice.

Effect of a Commercial Extract of Green Tea and a Pure Catechin on Two Veillonella strains

The catechin Epigallocatechin-3-O-Gallate (EGCG) which is found in of Green Tea extracts (GTE), displays a variety of microbicidal properties. It is largely believed that EGCG inhibits the growth of cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. Objective: In this paper we compared the inhibitory activity of EGCG and a commercial GTE on the growth of Veillonella parvula. Chlorhexidine was used as positive control. Methodology: V. parvula ATCC 10790 and a clinical isolate obtained from a periodontal disease patient were cultured in the presence of EGCG or a commercial GTE, and the measurements of bacterial growth inhibition were compared to the values obtained with 0.12 and 0.2% chlorhexidine. Results: Chlorhexidine inhibited bacterial growth, however in contrast to a previous report, neither EGCG nor the GTE showed any effect on bacterial growth. Conclusions: The data show and confirm that chlorhexidine is a growth inhibitor of V. parvula while EGCG and GTE do not display such effect.

Duplicated chalcone synthase(CHS)genes modulate flavonoid production in tea plants in response to light stress

In tea plants,the abundant flavonoid compounds are responsible for the health benefits for the human body and define the astringent flavor profile.While the downstream mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis have been extensively studied,the role of chalcone synthase(CHS)in this secondary metabolic process in tea plants remains less clear.In this study,we compared the evolutionary profile of the flavonoid metabolism pathway and discovered that gene duplication of CHS occurred in tea plants.We identified three CsCHS genes,along with a CsCHS-like gene,as potential candidates for further functional investigation.Unlike the CsCHS-like gene,the CsCHS genes effectively restored flavonoid production in Arabidopsis chs-mutants.Additionally,CsCHS transgenic tobacco plants exhibited higher flavonoid compound accumulation compared to their wild-type counterparts.Most notably,our examination of promoter and gene expression levels for the selected CHS genes revealed distinct responses to UV-B stress in tea plants.Our findings suggest that environmental factors such as UV-B exposure could have been the key drivers behind the gene duplication events in CHS.

Carbonic anhydrase 2 mediates anti-obesity effects of black tea as thermogenic activator

Obesity is a metabolic disorder due to over-accumulation of adipose tissue and ultimately becomes a“disease”.Brown adipose tissue(BAT)thermogenesis and white adipose tissue(WAT)browning emerge as a potential strategy of anti-obesity by dissipating energy as heat.However,drugs based on adipose tissue thermogenesis have not been successfully approved yet.In current study,we found that black tea extract(BTE)obtained by patentauthorized manufacturing process prevented body weight gain as novel thermogenic activator with reduction of adiposity,improvement of adipose distribution,and glucose metabolism improvement in diet-induced obesity mice.Mechanismly,anti-obesity effect of BTE depends on promoting BAT thermogenesis and WAT browning with upregulation of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1),especially visceral adipose tissue(VAT)with browning resistance.Specifically,utilizing in silico approach of network pharmacology and molecular docking,we identified carbonic anhydrase 2(CA2)in nitrogen metabolism as anti-obesity target of BTE and further elucidated that protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway linked CA2 and UCP1.Meanwhile gut microbiota regulation may prompt the CA2-dependent thermogenesis activation.Our findings demonstrated anti-obesity effect of BTE as thermogenic activator through CA2-mediated BAT thermogenesis and WAT browning via CA2-AKT-UCP1 signaling pathway,which could be developed as promising anti-obesity agent with good safety and efficacy.