Trichomes are universally present in plants and their development is delicately regulated.Trichomes are responsible for pubescence,whose density is associated with some agronomic traits such as insect resis-tance,evap...Trichomes are universally present in plants and their development is delicately regulated.Trichomes are responsible for pubescence,whose density is associated with some agronomic traits such as insect resis-tance,evapotranspiration,and yield.Almost a century ago,three dominant alleles related to pubescence density in soybean,namely Pd1(dense pubescence),Ps(sparse pubescence),and P1(glabrous),were iden-tified.However,their molecular identity and genetic relationships remain unclear.In this study,through a genome-wide association study and map-based cloning,we determined the genetic basis of these three traits.The sparse-pubescence phenotype of Ps was attributed to a copy-number variation of a 25.6-kb sequence that includes a gene encoding a protein with WD40 and RING domains.The dense-pubescence phenotype of Pd1 was attributed to a T-C transition in the last exon of an HD-Zip transcription factor gene,and the glabrous phenotype of P1 was caused by a G-A transition in the first exon of a lipid transfer protein gene.Genetic and biochemical analyses revealed that Pd1 functions as a transcriptional activator that can bind the promoters of the P1 and Ps genes to induce their expression;Interestingly,Pd1 can also bind its own promoter and inhibit its gene transcription.In addition,Ps can interact with Pd1 and weaken the tran-scriptional activity of Pd1.Taken together,our results demonstrate that Pd1,Ps,and P1 form a complex feedback loop to regulate pubescence formation in soybean.展开更多
Tooth loss due to traumatic dental injury or congenital absence can cause functional and social- psychological consequences in youth. Pubescent children with missing teeth are often targets for school bullying. The tr...Tooth loss due to traumatic dental injury or congenital absence can cause functional and social- psychological consequences in youth. Pubescent children with missing teeth are often targets for school bullying. The treatment modality chosen can impact their well-being during their formative years. Despite the high success rate in adult patients, implant placement in young patients is not common due to its ankylosed nature and concerns with possible infra-occlusion in the future. However, skeletal growth and remodeling is a continuous process throughout life and postponement of dental implant placement does not necessary prevent future complication or need for replacement. Dental implant placement should be considered as a viable treatment option for pubescent patients if all other conventional alternatives fail to alleviate patients’ concerns both functionally and psychologically. This case report evaluates the considerations required to place dental implants in pubescent patients, as well as its advantages and disadvantages.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFD0100401)the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China(2016ZX08009003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.32001501,31788103,and 31525018).
文摘Trichomes are universally present in plants and their development is delicately regulated.Trichomes are responsible for pubescence,whose density is associated with some agronomic traits such as insect resis-tance,evapotranspiration,and yield.Almost a century ago,three dominant alleles related to pubescence density in soybean,namely Pd1(dense pubescence),Ps(sparse pubescence),and P1(glabrous),were iden-tified.However,their molecular identity and genetic relationships remain unclear.In this study,through a genome-wide association study and map-based cloning,we determined the genetic basis of these three traits.The sparse-pubescence phenotype of Ps was attributed to a copy-number variation of a 25.6-kb sequence that includes a gene encoding a protein with WD40 and RING domains.The dense-pubescence phenotype of Pd1 was attributed to a T-C transition in the last exon of an HD-Zip transcription factor gene,and the glabrous phenotype of P1 was caused by a G-A transition in the first exon of a lipid transfer protein gene.Genetic and biochemical analyses revealed that Pd1 functions as a transcriptional activator that can bind the promoters of the P1 and Ps genes to induce their expression;Interestingly,Pd1 can also bind its own promoter and inhibit its gene transcription.In addition,Ps can interact with Pd1 and weaken the tran-scriptional activity of Pd1.Taken together,our results demonstrate that Pd1,Ps,and P1 form a complex feedback loop to regulate pubescence formation in soybean.
文摘Tooth loss due to traumatic dental injury or congenital absence can cause functional and social- psychological consequences in youth. Pubescent children with missing teeth are often targets for school bullying. The treatment modality chosen can impact their well-being during their formative years. Despite the high success rate in adult patients, implant placement in young patients is not common due to its ankylosed nature and concerns with possible infra-occlusion in the future. However, skeletal growth and remodeling is a continuous process throughout life and postponement of dental implant placement does not necessary prevent future complication or need for replacement. Dental implant placement should be considered as a viable treatment option for pubescent patients if all other conventional alternatives fail to alleviate patients’ concerns both functionally and psychologically. This case report evaluates the considerations required to place dental implants in pubescent patients, as well as its advantages and disadvantages.
