Grand Opening of the Plenary Meeting on Publicity of the 2005 World Standard Day

Organized by the Standard Administration of China (SAC), the plenary meeting on publicity of the 2005 World Standards Day was held on October 14, 2005 at the Great Hall of People. Surrounding the theme of this year's World Standards Day - "Standards for a Safer World", the meeting made publicized the status of construction and implementation of the food safety and production safety standard system of our country,the result of clearance on national standards and the announcement of formal operation of the system for online free-of-charge access to the full text of national compulsory standards, and the system for online distribution and service of national standards. Attending the meeting were Li Changjiang, Director of AQSIQ, Li Chuanqing,Party Group Secretary of AQSIQ, Li Zhonghai, Director of SAC, high-ranking officers of relevant departments of the State Council, Chen Xiaohong, Vice-minister of Ministry of Health, Wang Xianzheng, Vice-director of the National General Bureau of Supervision and Administration on Production Safety, and representatives and experts from enterprises of various sectors with a total of over 300 people. The meeting was presided over by Zhang Yanhua, Standing Vice-director of SAC.

A comparative study on characteristics of retracted publications across different open access levels

Purpose:Recently,global science has shown an increasing open trend,however,the characteristics of research integrity of open access(OA)publications have rarely been studied.The aim of this study is to compare the characteristics of retracted articles across different OA levels and discover whether OA level influences the characteristics of retracted articles.Design/methodology/approach:The research conducted an analysis of 6,005 retracted publications between 2001 and 2020 from the Web of Science and Retraction Watch databases.These publications were categorized based on their OA levels,including Gold OA,Green OA,and non-OA.The study explored retraction rates,time lags and reasons within these categories.Findings:The findings of this research revealed distinct patterns in retraction rates among different OA levels.Publications with Gold OA demonstrated the highest retraction rate,followed by Green OA and non-OA.A comparison of retraction reasons between Gold OA and non-OA categories indicated similar proportions,while Green OA exhibited a higher proportion due to falsification and manipulation issues,along with a lower occurrence of plagiarism and authorship issues.The retraction time lag was shortest for Gold OA,followed by non-OA,and longest for Green OA.The prolonged retraction time for Green OA could be attributed to an atypical distribution of retraction reasons.A comparative study on characteristics of retracted publications across different open access levels Research limitations:There is no exploration of a wider range of OA levels,such as Hybrid OA and Bronze OA.Practical implications:The outcomes of this study suggest the need for increased attention to research integrity within the OA publications.The occurrences offalsification,manipulation,and ethical concerns within Green OA publications warrant attention from the scientific community.Originality/value:This study contributes to the understanding of research integrity in the realm of OA publications,shedding light on retraction patterns and reasons across different OA levels.

Relationship of public preferences and behavior in residential outdoor spaces using analytic hierarchy process and principal component analysis—a case study of Hangzhou City, China

This study examined public attitudes concerning the value of outdoor spaces which people use daily. Two successive analyses were performed based on data from common residents and college students in the city of Hangzhou, China. First, citizens registered various items constituting desirable values of residential outdoor spaces through a preliminary questionnaire. The result proposed three general attributes (functional, aesthetic and ecological) and ten specific qualities of residential outdoor spaces. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to an interview survey in order to clarify the weights among these attributes and qualities. Second, principal factors were extracted from the ten specific qualities with principal component analysis (PCA) for both the common case and the campus case. In addition, the variations of respondents’ groups were classified with cluster analysis (CA) using the results of the PCA. The results of the AHP application found that the public prefers the functional attribute, rather than the aesthetic attribute. The latter is always viewed as the core value of open spaces in the eyes of architects and designers. Fur-thermore, comparisons of ten specific qualities showed that the public prefers the open spaces that can be utilized conveniently and easily for group activities, because such spaces keep an active lifestyle of neighborhood communication, which is also seen to protect human-regarding residential environments. Moreover, different groups of respondents diverge largely in terms of gender, age, behavior and preference.

Human Behavior in Downtown Public Spaces during Cooling Periods in Winter Cities

There is an urban design problem that outdoor public spaces are not used for long periods of time within a year due to coldness and snow cover in cities with severe winter climates （winter cities）. Therefore, an urban design that promotes activities in these spaces is required for winter cities. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between outdoor environmental conditions and the behaviors of people in outdoor public spaces. This six-month study conducted a field survey in six kinds of public spaces in downtown Sapporo and analyzed the changes of microclimates and sitting behaviors in these spaces. The analysis revealed that sitting behaviors decreased with temperature drops during the cooling period （20 ~C-8 ~C）, that sunlight could suppress the reduction in the number of sitting behaviors, and that wind speed could suppress the reduction in the duration of sitting behaviors.

Open Queueing Network Model of Shanghai Public Transportation Problem

In this paper, the open queueing network model is proposed for solving the problem of public transportation in cities. The vertices of the networks(i.e., the bus stops) are determined by means of the fuzzy clustering method. The arcs (i.e., the paths of the public transportation) can be set up by using the shortest path model in the time sense or the 0 1 integer programming method.Applying the statistics method, we can calculate the parameters(such as the passenger flow's distribution, passenger flow's transition probability, mean waiting time for the bus etc. ) of the public transportation network. In this paper, we suggest to divide the network into two or three stages to implement the public transportation system in the form of ``frog jumping' fast transfer and ``permeation' fast dispersion.Combining the computer simulation and the evaluation of the achievement and effect of public transportation system, we modify the model so as to solve the public transportation problem better.

Open Building as a Design Approach for Adaptability in Chinese Public Housing

Surveys on public housing in Northern China indicated that the common aim of Chinese public housing, which is to provide affordable housing, had been mostly satisfied. However, more than one fourth (29.9%) of the public housing units that were investigated were structurally modified by their occupiers for different layouts. This situation indicated that a fixed plan could not fulfill housing occupiers’ various requirements on spacing layout, and critical awareness had been shown that the adaptability of the public housing units was always ignored. Open Building is well organized and implemented in the field of residential area to increase adaptability and sustainability of dwellings. This paper reviewed the development of residential Open Building and attempted to reveal solutions for the design of adaptability in Chinese public housing. Based on the dwelling unit types, dwelling spaces, living modes and demographic conditions of the public housing units were investigated;and concerning the actual carried out adaptations in the public housing units, this research explored two levels of design and control methods: prototyping unit for possible layouts and flexible partitions for space-function reconfiguration. By adding design values of adaptability in public housing, key aspects showing?the potentials and challenges for the design of public housing were summarized for future reference.

Evaluation and Promotion of the Service Capacity of Urban Public Open Spaces Based on Improving Accessibility:A Case Study of Shenyang City,China

The service capacity of urban public open spaces is an important indicator of the justness and soundness of the allocation of public space resources,such as parks and green spaces,in the process of urban development.Improving the service capacity of urban public open spaces is conductive to healthy,sustainable urban development.In this study,taking Shengyang City,China as a case study,a Gaussian-based two-step floating catchment area method(2 SFCA)is used to calculate an accessibility index and identify residential areas with a poor accessibility to urban public open spaces.Then,a particle swarm algorithm(PSA)is used to optimize the locations of new open space developments.Finally,the optimization results are verified using the analytic network process(ANP).The results show that the service capacity of public open spaces in the center of Shenyang City(covering six districts)is relatively low and exhibits an uneven spatial distribution.In the service scope of the existing urban public open spaces,the accessibility for 48.6%of the residential estates is moderately poor or poor.The layout is optimized when the number of optimization points is set to 8.These points are mainly located in old town areas such as the Tiexi,Huanggu,and Dadong districts.The optimization increases the green space area accessible by motor vehicles(60 min),bicycles(60 min),and walking(30 min)by 4.67%,5.38%,and 8.03%of the study area,respectively.Finally,green space planning recommendations are offered from two perspectives:spatial layout and transport system optimization.

Public Communication in the Processes of Transparency and Accountability in the Era of Open Data

In recent years, transparency and accountability seem to find new impulse, with the development of ICT （information and communication technology） and the prospective of open data that invest the public system at a national and supranational level. Public institutions tend to make available to the public, more data and information concerning the administration, the manner of use of public goods and resources. At the same time, each institution is called upon to deal with the demand of transparency and participation by citizens who increasingly use Internet 2.0 and social media. After a reflection on how public administrations acted in the phase of Web 1.0 to practice transparency and accountability in terms of communication, this paper considers the elements of continuity and the new opportunities linked to the advent of Web 2.0 and open data. At the end of this analysis, the focus is on the strengths and weaknesses of this process, with a particular attention to the role of the public communication.

政府数据开放到公共数据开放的嬗变

[目的/意义]分析政府数据开放到公共数据开放的嬗变有利于数据开放活动的健康发展,促进数据要素流通。[方法/过程]在梳理政府数据开放和公共数据开放两者关系基础上,从创新扩散理论出发分析嬗变的三维度表现及嬗变动力。[结果/结论]嬗变动力共有技术、组织和环境三个维度下的9个关键驱动因素,并提出了6个嬗变的趋势。

Should Campus Libraries Open to the Public?

Arecent regulation encoctraging China＇s libraries in universities and research institutes to open to the public stirred up heated debate among the public. The regulation is part of China＇s newly adopted law on public libraries, which took effect on January 1. 2018.

北京某公立医院新院区筹备与初期运营实践

建设新院区是大型公立医院的重要发展战略之一,可以有效促进医疗资源扩容和合理布局,满足群众对优质医疗服务的需求。新院区的开办筹备和初期运营管理是其平稳运行、高质量发展的起点。本文介绍了北京某大型公立综合三甲医院新建院区开办筹备和初期运营管理的实践经验,为公立医院新院区的建设开办和多院区运营管理提供参考。

公共数据开放如何促进数字化发展——基于模糊集定性比较分析的研究

随着新一代信息通信技术和计算技术的迅速发展,公共数据在经济、社会、行政、科学研究等领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。为帮助人们理解公共数据开放如何促进数字化发展,文章借助中国内地31个省份的国家统计数据和部分研究者开发的评估数据,利用模糊集定性比较分析方法,研究公共数据开放与其他因素共同推动数字化发展的途径。结果表明:公共数据开放可以与其他因素相结合,共同推动数字化发展。公共数据开放主要通过3条途径促进数字化发展,即研发经费投入型路径、市场规模拉动型路径、数字技术应用型路径。

开放获取赤字与开放获取公共政策构建研究

提出开放获取赤字概念,将国际开放获取效能差距定义为赤字问题。主要研究开放获取资源的结构性赤字、成本性赤字、知识产权赤字、科技治理赤字等方面。评估现实规则下我国同欧美国家实施开放获取的效果差异。论文建议,面向全面创新长远需要,构建符合国家战略需要的开放获取公共政策。提出了开放获取国家公共政策构建的价值导向和相关建议。

基于TOE框架的公共数据开放利用水平影响因素及提升路径分析

[目的/意义]揭示公共数据开放利用多重影响因素耦合下的多元路径,有助于深化理解公共数据利用联动效应,促进数据价值释放。[方法/过程]以27个省份为研究对象,基于TOE框架构建公共数据开放利用影响因素框架,通过模糊集定性比较分析和必要条件分析的方法进行组态路径分析,最终基于组态分析结果提出相应路径提升对策。[结果/结论]高与非高公共数据开放利用均存在4类组态路径,为其他地区因地制宜提升公共数据开放利用水平提供了路径借鉴。我国各地方应遵循国家公共数据开放指导思想,结合地方优势和特点选择适宜的路径以提升公共数据开放利用水平。

基于网络开放数据的区域消防救援总体有效覆盖率评估

高效准确地掌握消防救援有效覆盖率是优化消防站点资源配置的前提。将判断是否有效覆盖的消防救援行程时间阈值定为240 s,建立了基于时间加权的区域消防救援总体有效覆盖率评估模型。基于网络开放数据收集了长沙的50座消防站作为消防救援供给点、5746家被抽查到的社会单位作为消防救援需求点,并调用网络地图应用程序编程接口基于实时路况来仿真消防救援行程时间。在连续7 d内设置197个评估场景,共获得了1131962个有效样本,进而得出:长沙消防救援总体有效覆盖率为21.22%,结果等级为“C”,消防救援水平一般,需加强消防站建设。这种基于网络开放数据的区域消防救援有效覆盖率评估,具备高效和准确的特点,可为优化消防站点资源配置、提升公共安全水平提供关键理论和方法支撑。

公共数据开放的逻辑意蕴:现状考察、问题检视与法治进路

[目的/意义]数字法治政府是与数字中国、数字社会相适应的政府治理新样态。数据要素已成为数字时代经济高质量发展的重要驱动力,而公共数据开放则是数字法治政府建设的重要议题。[方法/过程]文章选取中央及浙江、山东、贵州、广东、四川、福建、广西、海南、江西、江苏10个省份的法规政策和技术标准作为研究样本,对当前我国公共数据开放法规政策体系进行考察,并在此基础上检视数据开放中存在的问题。[结果/结论]研究发现,我国公共数据开放存在内涵边界存在不确定性、法规政策体系存在缺口、行政法治制度供给欠缺、公民数据权利保障机制尚未成熟等问题。为此,应明确公共数据概念界定和权属性质、完善公共数据开放法规政策体系、建构公共数据开放行政法治秩序、健全公民数据权利保障体制机制,进而将公共数据开放融入法治轨道之中。

我国公共图书馆参与开放教育资源运动初探

开放教育资源运动已开展二十余年,高校和研究型图书馆发挥教育职能,积极参与其中。对我国公共图书馆参与开放教育资源运动的可行性进行剖析,包括动机、机会与能力。针对公共图书馆会面临的版权、质量、配套资源等方面的挑战,提出制定政策、联合社会力量、关注基础教育、资源建设与服务、专业人员培训等方面的解决策略。

公共采购模式变革:从创新中性到创新友好

公共采购是拉动创新的核心工具之一,公共采购模式限定了相关主体的行动空间,对公共采购发挥驱动创新的政策价值具有重要影响。基于开放式创新视角与创新导向型公共采购的基本原理,对公共采购模式影响创新的关键因素进行系统识别,构建有序probit模型,运用来自供应商的调查数据进行实证分析。结果发现:我国现行的公共采购模式设计呈现创新中性特征;需求表达方式、采购数字化、需求重叠度等因素对供应商创新性响应具有显著正向影响;将上述因素嵌入相关公共采购制度,可以提高我国公共采购模式的创新友好程度。最后,提出公共采购模式变革的基本思路:在兼顾成本导向与创新导向的情况下,对公共采购模式进行分类设计,包括常规型集中采购、常规型分散采购、创新导向型集中采购和创新导向型分散采购。

基于固定效应回归分析的省级公共数据政策对政府数据开放绩效的影响研究

对公共数据政策与政府数据开放绩效的关系进行实证研究,了解公共数据政策工具对政府数据开放绩效的作用效果。基于政策工具和数据生态系统理论,分析省级公共数据政策影响政府数据开放绩效的机理,提出本文的研究假设和模型,然后通过对公共数据政策的编码和量化,计算公共数据供给型、环境型和需求型政策工具的效力,得到模型核心自变量的数据,最后构建面板数据,对公共数据政策工具效力与开放数林指数进行固定效应回归分析,从而对研究假设进行检验。研究发现,省级公共数据政策整体对政府数据开放绩效存在一定的正向影响,其供给型和需求型政策工具对政府数据开放绩效的提高具有促进作用,环境型政策工具对政府数据开放绩效的提高具有抑制作用,且不同政策工具对同一绩效指标的影响大小存在差异。

公共数据开放能否促进区域绿色技术创新——基于政府数据平台上线的准自然实验

公共数据作为公共服务的重要基础资源,对地方经济政策的成功实施具有重要的推动作用。以中国地方政府推动公共数据开放平台上线作为准自然实验,基于2007—2022年中国地级市面板数据,采用多期双重差分模型进行实证分析,以检验公共数据开放是否有效促进了区域绿色技术创新。研究发现:公共数据的开放显著推动了区域绿色技术创新的发展,并且这一结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立,进一步在PSM-DID和工具变量回归分析中得到验证。机制检验发现:这一影响主要归因于区域信息壁垒的消除和科技资源配置效率的提升。此外,公共数据开放对区域绿色技术创新的影响在不同地区间呈现出明显的异质性。特别是在中部地区、金融发展水平高以及公众环境关注度较高的地区,公共数据开放对区域绿色技术创新的促进作用更为显著。研究为量化评估数据要素开放共享在绿色技术创新中的经济效应提供了重要参考,有助于激发各地数据要素的开发潜能,并为制定合理的经济政策提供有力支持。