Innovative Practice of Science and Technology Supported Western Village Public Cultural Services in China

The shortage and inefficiency of public cultural services are common problems in China, especially in the western regions. Baiyun District has made use- ful exploration to the construction of rural public cultural service system, network system, resource system, management system and service system.

Science and Technology Associations and Social Governance of Britain in the Middle and Late 19^(th) Century

Civil science and technology associations have been widely springing up everywhere in Britain, especially the new industrial towns in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Associations held various academic activities, organized and funded scientific research, which played an important role in promoting the progress of science and technology and the development of industrial society. Based on case study on British Association for the Advancement of Science and Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society by academic circles at home and abroad, development situation of British science and technology associations in the middle and late 19^(th) century is summarized, and a series of activities of associations participating in industrial and agricultural development and environmental health reform are systematically sorted out, while the promoting role of science and technology associations in the social development of Britain in the 19^(th) century is explored.

Promoting Public Understanding in the Science of Geology

Geology is perhaps the most fascinating of the natural sciences, due to its all-encompassing nature. Virtually all human activities that occur on planet Earth--including agriculture, energy and mineral resource exploration and extraction; environmental and public policy on natural resources management and protection; land use planning; infrastructure development; and ecological tourism--all depend on various aspects of geology and its sub-disciplines. Due to the importance of geology in the daily lives of human beings, it is imperative that all persons develop at least a basic understanding of the science. In this paper, the current efforts for promoting public understanding in geology will be examined, with offerings of alternatives and supplements to these efforts. Information from the science education sub-disciplines of HPS （history, philosophy and sociology） of science, and informal/free-choice learning will be woven into the framework of the geology-public understanding idea.

Research on the evolutionary characteristics of evaluation policies of Chinese science and technology talents

Science and technology talent evaluation is an important part of the talent development system and mechanism,and the state's emphasis on science and technology talent evaluation is reflect-ed in the national policy.This paper takes 49 policy documents on science and technology tal-ent evaluation issued by the state from 1978 to 2022 as the object,and uses policy text analysis,word frequency analysis and co-word network analysis to interpret the content of the policies.These policy texts are divided into four stages.200 high-frequency words were extracted from the policies in each stage after word segmentation was made,and the co-word matrixes and co-word networks were constructed for each stage.The research draws the following conclu-sions:1)The content of Chinese science and technology talent evaluation policies is gradually becoming concrete,and the concept of science and technology talent evaluation is gradually clear;2)The policies have transitioned from"scientific and technological development"to"sci-entific and technological innovation";3)The distribution of policies with different strengths is uneven;4)The cooperation between all departments involved in policy formulation is not e-nough.

Science,technology,and innovation in health for the next twenty years:A survey analysis in Colombia

Background:Colombia is a Latin American country with a very complex social and political context that has not allowed the allocation of sufficient resources to the fields of science,technology,and innovation(STI).This is particularly worrying for the area of health since not enough resources are allocated for public health,research,or education.Methods:The so-called“Great Survey in Health 2019”was administered online through the SurveyMonkey platform to 5298 people in different regions of the country,representing the public,private,and academic sectors.The questionnaire consisted of 46 open and closed questions,including demographic inquiries.Data analysis involved textual analytics and sentiment analysis.Results:Overall,56%of those surveyed were women within the adult life cycle.Most respondents had a postgraduate education.Greater participation was observed in the Oriental,Bogotá,and Antioquia regions,which also concentrate the largest number of resources for STI.Among the main recommendations derived from the results,priorities include investing in research,personalised medicine,promoting the social appropriation of knowledge,addressing mental health,regulating research through a statute,promoting undergraduate research,and establishing recertification exams to pursue excellence.Conclusion:The results of this original study serve as a fundamental input to promote and strengthen the STI processes in life sciences and health.They serve as a guide to generate public policies and actions that guarantee better health and well-being for the Colombian population,strategically proposing a clear roadmap for the next 20 years.

Patent Citations Analysis and Its Value in Research Evaluation： A Review and a New Approach to Map Technology-relevant Research

Purpose： First, to review the state-of-the-art in patent citation analysis, particularly characteristics of patent citations to scientific literature （scientific non-patent references, SNPRs）. Second, to present a novel mapping approach to identify technology-relevant research based on the papers cited by and referring to the SNPRs. Design/methodology/approach： In the review part we discuss the context of SNPRs such as the time lags between scientific achievements and inventions. Also patent-to-patent citation is addressed particularly because this type of patent citation analysis is a major element in the assessment of the economic value of patents. We also review the research on the role of universities and researchers in technological development, with important issues such as universities as sources of technological knowledge and inventor-author relations. We conclude the review part of this paper with an overview of recent research on mapping and network analysis of the science and technology interface and of technological progress in interaction with science. In the second part we apply new techniques for the direct visualization of the cited and citing relations of SNPRs, the mapping of the landscape around SNPRs by bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis, and the mapping of the conceptual environment of SNPRs by keyword co-occurrence analysis. Findings： We discuss several properties of SNPRs. Only a small minority of publications covered by the Web of Science or Scopus are cited by patents, about 3%-4%. However, for publications based on university-industry collaboration the number of SNPRs is considerably higher, around 15%. The proposed mapping methodology based on a ＂second order SNPR approach＂ enables a better assessment of the technological relevance of research. Research limitations： The main limitation is that a more advanced merging of patent and publication data, in particular unification of author and inventor names, in still a necessity. Practical implications： The proposed mapping methodology enables the creation of a database of technology-relevant papers （TRPs）. In a bibliometric assessment the publications of research groups, research programs or institutes can be matched with the TRPs and thus the extent to which the work of groups, programs or institutes are relevant for technological development can be measured. Originality/value： The review part examines a wide range of findings in the research of patent citation analysis. The mapping approach to identify a broad range of technologyrelevant papers is novel and offers new opportunities in research evaluation practices.

科技助力体育的时代背景、现实困境与路径优化

在科技赋能的时代背景下,科技已成为体育领域优化和升级的重要驱动力。理清科技助力体育领域的外在条件与内生需求,科技推动体育发展变化的动力逻辑、运动场景需要的应用逻辑及体育产业转型的变革逻辑;着重以透过客观事实探究问题本原,剖析体育科技研究与应用困境的主要表现、重要问题和本质原因;在紧抓自身治理与侧重社会协同的内外路径下,结合政策手段提出综合思路对策,以此引导支持科技助力体育,持续推进体育发展。目前,体育科技战略体系在依托现有社会经济基础与分配关系上,无法支撑其克服研发应用的粗放局面,以实现长效稳态运行,这一问题解决对于体育领域各项工作能否有效实现社会化与市场化亦至关重要。在治本上,应加强民生建设,壮大实体经济,完善分配机制,合理制度安排,实现体育与民生联动发展;在治标上,集中体育科研力量于专门分工具体领域,再过渡覆盖到整个体育领域,研发体系重视基础科学研究、完善成果转化和人才绩效的评价机制。

Present Situation of Rural Regional Development and Agricultural Extension Policy

The formulation of agricultural extension policy and the development of rural regional economy present the relationship of mutual existence,mutual influence and mutual promotion.Therefore,it is necessary to study the agricultural extension policy according to the current situation of rural regional development.Agricultural technology extension system is an organization set up at county and township levels to provide farmers with scientific research achievements and practical technical services on planting,animal husbandry,fishery,forestry,agricultural machinery and water conservancy,and it is an important carrier for implementing the strategy of developing agriculture through science and technology.On the basis of expounding the value and significance of rural regional economic development,this paper analyzes the problems existing in China s rural regional development from the aspects of rural infrastructure and public services,rural labor force s cultural and scientific level,rural grass-roots extension system,etc.,and puts forward corresponding measures against the problems.This study has certain theoretical reference value for promoting the all-round development of China s rural economy and realizing the great strategy of rural revitalization in China.

科技报告政策细粒度知识图谱构建及应用研究

[目的/意义]科技报告作为我国重要的科技信息资源,不断促进国家的科技创新发展。构建科技报告政策细粒度知识图谱,并探讨其应用价值,对了解、制定和优化相关的政策,保证科技报告质量,提升科技报告工作效率,促进国家科技创新具有重要意义。[方法/过程]收集并整理近10年的科技报告政策,深入挖掘其基本信息和政策文本内容,利用SciAIEngine、Excel、Gephi等工具进行细粒度知识分类聚类,构建科技报告政策细粒度知识图谱。依据政策之间的细粒度知识关联情况,探究图谱在科技报告政策领域的应用价值。[结果/结论]细粒度知识图谱可用于科技报告政策的知识查询、知识统计和内容聚类分析,还可为政策优化提供一定的依据,未来可在科技报告制度建设、科技资源共享、知识产权保护和国家科技报告服务系统方面继续探究。研究虽有所不足,但对未来研究仍有一定的帮助与启发。

科技外交理论的概念演化、范畴界定及欧美实践的启示

在当前的新形势下,科技外交在应对全球性挑战及地缘政治和国际关系中的作用愈加重要。科技外交运用科技和创新国际合作作为软实力工具,建立和改善与其他国家及地区的关系,当国家间的其他直接关系遭遇困境和挫折时,科技外交仍可充当国家间保持彼此联系的桥梁作用。科技外交包括在国际关系决策中需要明确考虑科学知识和科学建议,为便利国际科技合作和人员交流、促进国内创新而采取的外交政策活动,以及促进与其他国家关系的合作性科技活动等三重功能,国家利益是科技外交的主要驱动力。欧盟及其成员国和美国都重视科技在决策系统和外交政策中的作用,从早期增设使馆科技专员到任命美国国务卿和欧盟对外行动署的科技顾问再到向海外派驻科技大使,资助科技外交研究和培训等,不少做法值得借鉴。我国应在完善国家科技决策咨询机制、建立既精通科技又具有外交知识和技能的人才储备和人才培养及培训机制、鼓励参加国际性科技外交研究和实践交流合作网络等方面加强科技外交工作,制定科技外交战略。

开放获取赤字与开放获取公共政策构建研究

提出开放获取赤字概念,将国际开放获取效能差距定义为赤字问题。主要研究开放获取资源的结构性赤字、成本性赤字、知识产权赤字、科技治理赤字等方面。评估现实规则下我国同欧美国家实施开放获取的效果差异。论文建议,面向全面创新长远需要,构建符合国家战略需要的开放获取公共政策。提出了开放获取国家公共政策构建的价值导向和相关建议。

适应新发展格局的产业政策体系演变逻辑与主要趋向

构建新发展格局是中国迈入新发展阶段后重塑竞争优势的必然选择,产业政策是新发展格局下将中国塑造成为有竞争力经济体的重要工具,对内激励竞争和对外强化安全成为产业政策新目标。基于经济发展阶段视角厘清产业政策、科技创新政策、竞争政策之间的融合、协调、退出与重构等关系,统合探究各类政策在新发展格局构建中的基本逻辑。进一步提出在多元化政策目标下,中国要打出一套以竞争政策为基础、产业政策与竞争政策相互协调、选择性产业政策逐渐让位于功能性产业政策、科技政策由激励科技创新链条的后端向前端突破侧重、重大领域发挥新型举国体制优势的政策“组合拳”,并提出通过建立多层次政策协调机制、健全产业政策的全流程治理机制等举措完善新发展格局下的产业政策体系。

科技金融政策能否提升城市创业活跃度——基于“促进科技和金融结合试点”的准自然实验

科技金融政策能否促进经济社会包容性发展,其效应如何是一项值得关注的议题。本文基于2004—2021年中国280个地级及以上城市的面板数据,将“促进科技和金融结合试点”政策视为一项准自然实验,采用双重差分法考察了科技金融政策对城市创业活跃度的影响及作用机制。研究发现:科技金融政策显著提升了城市创业活跃度,该结论经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。机制检验表明,科技金融政策通过人才集聚效应、金融助推效应、科技创新效应和消费扩张效应提升城市创业活跃度。异质性分析表明,科技金融政策对东部地区城市、高市场化程度的城市,以及服务业尤其是非生产性服务业创业活跃度的提升作用更为明显。经济后果分析表明,科技金融政策所产生的创业效应能够有效转化为就业创造效应,但这一效应主要体现在第三产业。本文研究结论为有效发挥科技金融政策的创业效应,实现稳就业、促发展的目标提供了有益的政策启示。

创新链视角下地方公益农业类科研机构创新效率测度研究

文章基于创新链理论,将公益农业类科研机构划分为科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段,采用DEA-Malquist指数法测算2011—2020年21家福建省属公益农业类科研机构不同阶段科技创新效率。结果表明:10年间,科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段的创新效率均表现为退步状态,科技研发阶段创新效率下降5.10%,成果转化阶段下降3.20%,可见两阶段均有较大提升空间;21家机构不同阶段创新效率差距明显,47.62%的机构科技研发效率处于退步状态,创新指数最大差距达0.756,38.10%的机构成果转化效率处于退步状态,创新指数最大差距达0.919;机构创新发展模式差距大,23.81%为集约型,9.52%为粗放型,28.57%为研发高效-转化低效型,38.10%为研发低效-转化高效型。在此基础上,结合加快推进科技政策创新、科技体制改革等外部因素,引导机构形成学科布局、技术积累与产业经济发展格局相适应科研组织模式等内部因素,分类提出有针对性的对策建议。

推行科技特派员制度政策的量化评价分析——基于PMC指数模型

推行科技特派员制度的政策是推进科技助农兴农、深入实施乡村振兴战略的重要抓手。为进一步丰富科技特派员政策体系建设,以42份中国省域推行科技特派员制度的政策文本为研究对象,综合运用文本内容分析、政策建模一致性(PMC)指数模型法等方法,构建包括9个一级变量、40个二级变量的PMC指数模型,从政策内容的全面性、政策对象的覆盖面、施策部门的协同性、对成果转化推广的引导作用等多维度评价推行科技特派员制度政策水平。研究发现:科技特派员制度政策样本的PMC指数均值为5.45,处于良好水平,其中3项政策效果为优秀、29项政策效果为良好、10项政策效果为可接受,说明深入推行科技特派员制度体系较为完善,在政策目标、政策功能等方面表现较好,但在多部门协同性、成效跟踪、平台搭建、培训交流、健全社会化服务体系等方面仍有可优化空间。并据此在完善服务机制、加强成效跟踪、健全考核体系等方面提出政策优化建议。

科技创新政策循证决策机制研究--以日本第六期《科学技术与创新基本计划》为例

循证决策是近年来政策界广泛关注的主题,本文以如何应用该方法为出发点,基于政策环模型分析各决策环节的决策需求、定位相应的证据需求,综合多元决策参与主体间的互动关系和证据的特征构建循证决策的应用模型,并以日本制定第六期《科学技术与创新基本计划》为案例,对该模型进行印证,以期为中国科技创新政策的制定提供借鉴。

“高被引学者”现象研究的知识立场及其热点演变

高被引学者被视为基于客观、纯论文影响力的全球学术人才标杆,在相关学术领域发挥着重要作用。借助CiteSpace软件分析了1992—2022年间Web of Science和CNKI中的247篇文献,旨在探索“高被引学者”现象研究的知识立场及其热点演变。研究发现,该现象的核心议题是将“高被引学者”作为科研实践与人才政策的评价指标,其主流取向为实证式的科学主义范式。国际研究聚焦于高被引学者在学术系统内外部的影响力,而国内研究则侧重于描述其群体特征与跨国流动特征。整体上,早期研究“重文轻人”,强调“高被引”符号的工具理性,而后期研究则逐步关注高被引学者作为主体人的复杂动机和主观色彩。该领域的研究初步探讨了学术人才的评价标准及其在实践中不当使用可能引发的问题,但在弥合理论与实践之间的偏差与错位方面,仍需融入新的学科视角,对“高被引学者”这一热现象进行深入的学理层面的冷思考。

科技成果转化能力测度评价及政策优化研究——以西藏自治区为例

基于2012-2021年西藏自治区科技成果转化能力相关数据,采用熵值法和多目标线性加权函数法对西藏自治区科技成果转化研发能力、科技成果转化产业化能力、科技成果转化支撑能力、科技成果转化保障能力及科技成果转化能力进行了测度与评价。结果表明:1西藏自治区科技成果转化支撑能力指数>科技成果转化保障能力指数>科技成果研发能力指数>科技成果转化能力指数>科技成果产业化能力指数;2西藏自治区科技成果研发能力、科技成果保障能力及科技成果转化能力曲线呈现先上升后下降再上升趋势,科技成果转化产业化曲线呈现W形波动上升趋势,科技成果转化支撑能力曲线呈现M形波动上升趋势;3受研发人才、研发经费、产业化水平、金融支持、财政支持、经济发展、生产水平等不同因素的影响,西藏自治区科技成果转化能力及其各子系统均受到不同程度的影响。

政策导向下的江苏农业科技类园区监测评价策略研究

农业科技类园区建设主要由政府主导发起,具有鲜明的政策导向。文章结合政策导向对不同类别农业科技园区的功能定位进行了对比研究,并调研分析了园区创新发展不足与监测评价难点,将其作为开展监测评价的客观依据和引导方向。综合每类园区的功能定位和发展现状,研究制定了监测评价的方式策略和指标侧重点,并从强化考核导向、建立统计报告制度、定期考察指导等方面提出了建议。

结构性货币政策工具对科技创新型企业融资的影响

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