Accessibility and Fairness of Public Service Facilities from the Perspective of Supply and Demand Coordination: A Case Study of Old Urban Area of Guangzhou City

The accessibility and fairness of public service facilities are important manifestations of the convenience and equality of urban public service resource allocation.Optimizing the layout of urban public service facilities is an inevitable requirement for promoting the construction of people centered cities.This paper takes the old urban area of Guangzhou as the research area,measures the accessibility of multiple types of public service facilities based on an improved two-step floating catchment method,and combines Palma Ratio and location quotient methods to explore the fairness of urban public service facilities from two dimensions:social equity and spatial equity,with supply and demand relationship analysis as the main line.Research has shown that:①there is a significant spatial difference in the accessibility of public service facilities in the old urban areas of Guangzhou,and the comprehensive accessibility is generally higher in the central and southeastern regions of the old urban areas with fewer residential populations;②from the perspective of social equity,the resource allocation of public service facilities in the old urban areas of Guangzhou is in a seriously unfair state(with a fairness index of 2.99),and there are also varying degrees of unfairness within the streets;③from the perspective of spatial equity,the location quotient of public service facilities in the old urban areas of Guangzhou shows a pattern of multil center circles decreasing,indicating a significant spatial mismatch between the accessibility supply side of public service facilities and the demand side of the residential population.The research conclusion will provide scientific basis for optimizing the allocation of urban public service facilities and ensuring the equalization of public services.

The Revelation of Foreign Disabled People Basic Public Service System to China

Disability is an inevitable phenomenon in the development of human society. Creating a good environment for disabled people is not only an important condition of disabled people to fully participate in social life, but also the performance of the social civilization and progress. This article describes some oftbe specific practices of foreign disabled basic public service system including the legislative level, the level of life care and social welfare, etc. Based on the analysis of China system construction of the disabled people public service, proposing build the government＇s macroeconomic, social middle and personal microcosmic basic public service system for disabled people and advocating shared responsibility, which the government should play a leading role, society do good service, the disabled do self-help.

Decision-Making Model of Public Service Facility Configuration in Multi-agent Communities and Its Application

The decision.making process of the public service facility configuration in multi.agent community is usually simplistic and static. In order to reflect dynamic changes and interactions of all behavior subjects induding of residents, real estate developers and the government, a decision-making model of public service facility configuration according to the multi-agent theory was made to improve the efficiency of the public service facility configuration in community and the living quality of residents. Taking a community to the cast of Jinhui Port in Fengxian District in Shanghai for example, the model analyzed the decision-makers＇ adaptive behaviors and simulated the decision.making criteria. The results indicate that the decision-making model and criteria can be well of satisfying the purpose of improving validity and rationality of public service facility configuration in large community.

Diversity,Equality and Inclusion:Study on the Planning Concept of Public Service Facilities in Greater London

As China’s urbanization enters a transitional period,diversified supply of public service facilities and the improvement of public service facilities from the level of social equity are important themes of urban planning.The core policies and concepts of the planning of public service facilities in Greater London under the framework of the statutory urban planning system were analyzed,and the characteristics were summarized to seek possible references.Greater London takes development planning as the core,and integrates the planning of public service facilities into economic growth,overall spatial development,community construction,and the improvement of residents’ welfare from the regional to the local level under the guidance of the national policy planning framework.Among them,providing diversified infrastructure and services,focusing on diverse population needs and equal choices of different social groups,ensuring the accessibility of facilities and services,and emphasizing barrier-free design are worthy of reference for urban planning in China.

Convenience Analysis of Public Service Facilities in the Walking Circle of Urban Housing Estates

A walkable urban built environment with convenient facilities is the key to improve the living quality of urban residents and build a livable city in the new era.Taking each urban housing estate as the center and based on walking accessibility,the walking circle of housing estates was constructed.Taking the six functional systems of convenient shopping,catering service,fi nancial service,scientifi c research and education,leisure and entertainment,and medical service as evaluation factors,and considering the actual frequency of residents’use of various public service facilities and the reduction of walking,the convenience evaluation system of public service facilities was established.Taking the urban built environment within the Second Ring Road of Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province as an example,it is found that the convenience of public service facilities in the walking circle of housing estates within the Second Ring Road presented a circular layer distribution of“low outside and high inside”.This study will provide the reference for urban renewal and renovation and improvement of facilities.

The Impact of Urban Renewal on Public Service Facilities in Shenzhen during Inventory Development Stage:An Empirical Analysis of Futian District

As the material carrier of social service industry,public service facilities are important indicators to measure human settlement.With the continuous deepening of inventory development practice,urban renewal has gradually become one of the sources of supply of public service facilities.Focusing on the urban renewal activities of Futian District,Shenzhen from 2010 to 2016,the study conducts an empirical study on the pattern of public service facility networks before and after urban renewal through social network analysis.The fi ndings show that:①on the whole,the public service system in Futian District has been effectively improved during urban renewal development;②the impact of urban renewal on public service system is characterized by differentiation,among which industrial and commercial facilities have been signifi cantly improved,while educational and medical facilities have been hardly improved;③urban renewal has a clear policy orientation as an institutional means,and promoting economic restructuring and industrial reorganization is still the primary purpose of urban renewal during inventory development stage.

Distribution of Public Service Facilities under the Background of Smart Community: A Case Study of Pingguoyuan Street, Shijingshan District, Beijing City

In the context of smart community construction, the intelligent renewal of community public service facilities faces many challenges. To study the spatial distribution of smart community and community public service facilities, the distribution status of public service facilities in Pingguoyuan Street, Shijingshan District, Beijing was analyzed through POI points and relying on ArcGIS as a platform, and the distribution of public service facilities and intelligent facility strategy in the context of smart community were explored to provide contributions to the construction of smart community and the spatial optimization of intelligent facilities.

Impact of Urban Public Service Facilities on Distribution Pattern of Housing Price

The impact of different public service facilities is obtained by investigating the infl uence of public service facilities on distribution pattern of housing price in 25 cities.According to the survey results,public education service facilities have the highest weight and the greatest impact,which also refl ects the root of“school district housing fever”from the side.Public sports service facilities have the lowest score when compared with other options.This is not because public sports service facilities are not important,but is determined by actual situation of social development and actual living standard of residents in China.From the improvement and enhancement of urban public service facilities,the construction of public service facilities should be convenient for people’s education,health,culture and entertainment.

代际支持背景下老年人社区服务设施需求特征研究——以深圳公共住房为例

深圳市老年人非户籍人口占比大,提供代际支持的随迁老年人构成了常住老龄人口主力。立足于深圳公共住房建设现状及老年人特征,通过问卷调研多维度探析老年人设施使用需求;采用活动日志调研探析老年人日常社区服务设施使用的时间规律及行为链特征;结合典型案例定点行为观察,探析老年人时间-行为-设施使用场景。研究结果表明老年人社区活动设施需求显著,农贸菜市场及连锁超市的需求较大,教育设施成为老年人使用的重要设施,社康中心需求大于综合医院,养老设施需求较低等特征;各类社区服务设施使用的时间规律及设施组合使用规律明显等。研究结果可为深圳公共住房社区服务设施适老性优化提供有益的参考。

基本养老服务制度的政策逻辑与内涵特征

现阶段建立基本养老服务制度是在新时期我国转变政府职能和提升政府民生治理能力的背景下,进一步划分政府、家庭、市场等养老主体在养老服务中的责任边界,强化政府“兜底线、保基本”的养老保障职责,增强老年人的普遍幸福感和获得感的制度探索。然而,当前基本养老服务政策内容较为薄弱,相关理论研究也较为匮乏,本文以系统梳理基本养老服务发展脉络为出发点,深入挖掘基本养老服务制度形成的政策逻辑,详细阐释基本养老服务制度的内涵与特征,为基本养老服务制度完善提供思路。

高质量发展导向下大城市社会空间分异格局及调控策略——以广州为例

城市社会空间分异是城乡规划领域的经典议题。以广州市为例,根据人口普查数据和人群画像数据等,聚焦城市内部各街区,通过对居住空间类型与社会群体分布和公共服务设施配置的关联分析,深入探究中心城区社会空间分异特征及现存问题,进而提出城市社会空间高质量均衡发展的调控策略。研究发现,广州市中心城区在居住空间类型方面以商品房街区和城中村街区为主,老旧街区占比较小,呈现出明显的居住空间分异特征,且三类街区的居民在年龄、受教育程度、收入、消费水平等社会经济特征方面差异显著;各类公共服务设施供给水平在不同社会群体及三类街区之间亦表现出明显的不均衡性;在城市历史发展惯性、城市规划引导、房地产发展的共同影响下,广州市中心城区呈现出“圈层+斑块”的社会空间结构。为缓解中国快速城镇化进程中大城市出现的社会空间维度不均衡发展的问题,从可负担住房保障和公共服务设施布局两方面提出相关调控策略,为推动城市高质量发展提供研究支撑。

基于POI数据的杭州市公共服务设施空间分布研究

基于杭州市六类公共服务设施的POI数据,采用最近邻指数、标准差椭圆和核密度分析等地理空间分析方法,分析了杭州市公共服务设施的空间分布特征,得出以下结论:(1)杭州市六类公共服务设施均有在主城区高度集聚的特征。(2)六类设施布局方向均为西北-东南向,公共交通设施的辐射范围最广,方向性最突出。(3)公共服务设施分布均存在明显的中心-边缘结构特征,但不同类设施分布存在差异。

主客共享理念下传统村落公服设施优化探索——以广州黄埔深井村为例

随着传统村落休闲旅游的热度持续提升,居民与游客的主客关系日益复杂,为探索适应人口变化特征和村落自身保护发展需求的公服设施优化发展路径,研究引入“主客共享”理念,运用文献研究、非参与式观察、参与式观察、深入访谈等方法,以广州黄埔深井村展开实证研究,发现村落公服设施配置存在一定失衡,公益性和商业性设施空间分布特征呈现差异,同时主客在设施使用上出现兼容、互斥特征。基于主客需求和村落空间、资源和文化等特征,提出“需求融合、格局传承、情境营造、弹性共享”的公服设施优化策略,以期促进传统村落的保护传承和发展,并为其他传统村落公共服务设施与村落协同发展提供借鉴思路。

基于生活圈理论的收缩型村镇公共服务设施配置研究--以黑龙江省肇源县为例

乡村人口收缩是城镇化进程持续推进的必然,为满足村镇居民不断提升的需求并避免人口收缩造成的资源浪费,亟待对村镇公共服务设施配置体系进行优化与重构。以黑龙江省肇源县为例,引入生活圈理论探讨收缩型村镇公共服务设施配置优化方法。首先基于对村镇收缩类型与强度的分类,结合居民出行意愿的时距转换调查,将肇源县村镇划分为“县域—扩展—基本—基础”四级动态半径生活圈。然后通过筛选与生活圈等级对应的公共服务中心,并依据相关规范及居民实际需求,确定各级公共服务中心配置的项目内容和优化建议。

设施需求视角下城市盲道系统构建途径研究——以视障人群为例

随着《中华人民共和国无障碍环境建设法》的颁布,开展无障碍设计精细化研究成为提高城市无障碍环境品质的重要发力点。研究突破无障碍设计作为辅助设计的传统思路,以公共服务设施与城市盲道为对象,从视障人群的活动规律及设施需求特征出发,探索城市盲道系统的构建途径与设计方法。通过随机森林模型、引力模型,开展了视障人群设施需求分析及活动区域预测,从设施构成、活动类型、盲道布局三方面对天津市中心城区的盲道系统进行识别与评估,结合居住地与高相关性设施的引力路径,提出盲道优化布局方案及构建策略,旨在引导城市无障碍设施格局优化,为城市开展空间层面无障碍规划设计提供理论参考与技术支撑。

城市紧凑度对城市公共服务设施空间可达性的影响

高品质公共服务设施体系的建设是打造宜居城市的基础性工程,可达性已经成为我国基本公共服务供给侧结构性改革的两大目标取向之一。目前我国城市发展中存在城市紧凑程度恶化与公共服务设施空间可达性状况不佳并存的局面,从城市空间形态这一重要城市整体特性视角研究城市公共服务设施可达性对于优化城市公共服务设施空间布局具有重要意义。以中国地级及以上城市的三类主要公共服务设施为考察对象,量化测度城市公共服务设施空间可达性,在此基础上实证分析城市紧凑度对城市公共服务设施空间可达性的影响,以及对不同类型设施的异质性影响,并检验公共服务设施规模分布和地方财政自主权对上述影响过程的调节效应。实证结果表明,城市紧凑度对城市公共服务设施可达性的影响呈现“U”型,目前多数城市处于U型曲线的上升阶段,高财政自主权强化了紧凑城市建设对于公共服务设施的挤出效应,而设施规模越分散,城市紧凑度对公共服务设施空间可达性的几何正向影响效果越弱。

改进的容量约束设施区划模型的算法及应用

针对经典的容量约束设施区位模型(CFLP)缺少考虑公平、效率与服务质量三方面的因素,以及平衡三者关系的问题,文章提出了引入覆盖半径ϕ、最低覆盖率μ、设施建设成本CAP对模型进行改进,算法的求解实质是求解线性规划问题的最优解。根据以上方法进行案例区的计算验证,实验结果表明,与传统模型算法相比,改进的CFLP模型通过灵活选择设施的服务半径和覆盖率参数求解计算,能较好地兼顾服务成本、服务质量和空间公平性三者之间的关系,并可于5s内得出最优解,相比传统算法150s的平均计算时间,有显著的提升,对城市公共服务设施的布局优化具有较高的实用价值。

基于弹性共享的户外健身设施群体需求响应评测研究

【目的】城市建成环境限制了大型户外健身设施的建设,而相对灵活的大量小微型户外健身设施与公共空间融合发展,展现出显著的弹性共享服务特征。有效识别户外健身设施服务短板可为户外健身设施精准优化提供依据。【方法】以南京市老城区为例,通过建立细粒度群体需求量化方法和设施服务模块化分解方法,打通多元群体需求与设施服务弹性间的关联分析路径,对设施服务功能进行模块化处理,量化户外健身设施的弹性服务能力,同时基于多源数据,建立一套能反映不同群体户外健身设施的需求响应状态评价工具。【结果】场地类设施具有相对较高的弹性共享度,可作为优先发展的设施类型;步道类设施建设门槛和成本均相对较低,尤其能够提升老年群体的需求响应水平;老年群体需求响应指数最高,儿童群体相对最低,是后续规划需重点关注的对象。【结论】在传统可达性分析的基础上改变了居民需求与设施服务固化的供需评测模式,后续可结合设施质量、规模、多样性等指标,为城市户外健身设施规划提供有效的工具借鉴。

基于主客观评价的社区生活圈公共服务设施优化策略研究——以南宁市中心城区为例

社区生活圈已成为当前“以人为本”理念下城市更新实施和评价的重要工具。然而传统的社区生活圈规划主要基于公共服务设施覆盖率和可达性等空间绩效评价方法,较少关注居民的实际生活体验和需求。以广西壮族自治区南宁市中心城区为例,通过社区居民满意度调查,根据客观评价(设施服务水平)和主观评价(居民满意度)之间的相关性程度,将公共服务设施分为强相关、中等相关、弱相关和不相关4种类型;进而根据各类设施的相关性特征及潜在影响因素,结合典型社区生活圈实地调研,提出社区生活圈公共服务设施的分类优化策略,以期为全国其他城市提供可借鉴的经验。

兰州市主城区公共服务设施与居民需求匹配度分析

基于2022年兰州市主城区14类公共服务设施POI数据,采用核密度分析、加权叠加的空间分析方法,依据不同空间尺度的生活圈分析居民对公共服务设施需求度和现状设施完善度的匹配关系,研究结果表明:兰州市主城区公共服务设施呈现出东密西疏的带状分布特征,餐饮美食、购物消费、旅游景点等设施呈现出多中心聚集分布;部分区域居民需求度和设施完善度不匹配,主要是老旧小区修建时间早、人口密度大,存在居民需求度高但设施完善度低的情况;用地功能发生变化,如新建商圈周围设施相对完善,但居住小区较少,存在居民需求度低但设施完善度高的情况;可通过增设完善老旧小区周边设施、构建多中心公共服务设施聚集地等措施,促进各区生活服务水平趋向均等化发展。