Factors influencing self-efficacy in breastfeeding support among public health nurses in Japan

This study investigated self-efficacy in breastfeeding support among public health nurses (PHNs) working at maternal and child health (MCH) services in Japanese municipalities, and its related factors such as education, working experience, breastfeeding experience, and postgraduate/continuous education. Directors of the MCH divisions were requested to select one PHN to answer the self-report questionnaires sent. The questionnaires were collected from October 2010 to January 2011. Of the 1750 questionnaires sent, 831 were returned (response rate: 47.5%);102 were excluded from analysis because of missing data (valid response rate: 41.7%). After adjusting the weights of PHN sampling and collection rates by prefecture and population size, Model 1 of the multiple regression analysis showed that the self-efficacy in breastfeeding support was significantly higher in large/urban municipalities (β = 0.13) and in the Kanto district. Model 2 revealed that self-efficacy was significantly associated with working experience (β = 0.13) and breastfeeding experience (β = 0.22) but not with educational background. Model 3 showed that self-efficacy was significantly associated with postgraduate education (β = 0.14) and continuous education (β = 0.12). This suggested that PHNs’ self-efficacy increased through self-enrichment. It is necessary to create training opportunities about breastfeeding support for PHNs—especially those working in remote and/or small municipalities— and to provide them with new and important information.

Qualitative Study of Breastfeeding Support by Public Health Nurses in Japan

This study aimed to explore breastfeeding support by public health nurses (PHNs) working in Japanese municipalities in order to promote a breastfeeding-friendly environment. We interviewed 20 participants including five PHNs, four midwives, four doctors (one obstetrician and three pediatricians), and seven mothers who experienced breastfeeding between June and August 2010 and analyzed the data using content analysis. Collected data were classified into four categories including “collecting information”, “assessment”, “direct and individual support”, and “support for group and community” with 15 subcategories: infant’s condition, mother’s condition, mother-infant relationship, child rearing environment, mother’s state-of-mind, identifying necessary support, psychological support, concrete support, breastfeeding on demand, necessary information, advice to supporters, introducing services, breastfeeding-friendly environment, breastfeeding support groups and cooperation with relevant organization. This study suggested that the PHNs’ responsibilities for breastfeeding support should be extended beyond the currently understood scope of their duties. The study demonstrated that PNH needed to create a breastfeeding-friendly environment that included networking with breast care support organizations and peer groups and to promote breastfeeding in public areas including the workplace.

Designing a Scale to Assess Breastfeeding Support among Public Health Nurses in Japan

Background: Promoting breastfeeding support by public health nurses (PHN) requires first that the support which they currently provide to be assessed. However, there is no assessment tool for this purpose. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a scale to assess breastfeeding support currently provided by PHN. Methods: We developed the Practice of Breastfeeding Support Scale (PBSS) for PHN based on the results of a previous study. The content validity of the PBSS was established through discussion with three other researchers. A pilot study was conducted to confirm face validity. To confirm reliability and validity, an anonymous, self-reported questionnaire was sent to PHN working in municipal offices. The statistical analyses included the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), Barlett’s Test of Sphericity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Cronbach’s alpha and correlation coefficient. Results: 768 PHN participated in this study. Cronbach’s alpha of PBSS was 0.85. The KMO measure was 0.892, and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity was p Conclusion: The reliability and validity of PBSS were confirmed. These findings suggested that the PBSS has the potential to help promote breastfeeding support by PHN by clarifying their current breastfeeding support practices and related factors.

Support Provided by Public Health Nurses for Fathers Who Have Abused Their Children—As Observed in Cases of Child Neglect and Physical or Psychological Abuse

This study aims to identify the support to provide to fathers who have abused children as reported by public health nurses (PHNs). In this study, a qualitative descriptive design was applied to the data analysis. Interviewees were 10 public health nurses (PHNs) in charge of child abuse services for at least 5 years at public health centers. The study analyzed 13 cases reported in the interviews. Measures to support fathers who abuse their children as suggested by PHNs were classified into direct support to the father, support to other family members, and support to be provided by others involved including related organizations. The direct support to the father includes “gaining an in-depth understanding of the abusive situation and psychological states of those involved”, “refraining from involvement in areas where it is difficult to understand the personality of the father”, and others. Support of other family members includes “understanding the marital relationship and assessing the qualities of the relationship”, “refraining from matters that will involve divorce”, and others. Support to be provided by others including related organizations includes “understanding the value of social exchange and assessment of the ability to create and maintain interpersonal relationships”, “establishing support arrangements to enable intervention when necessary”, and others. The interviews report that PHNs arrange support measures that enable intervention as it becomes required, and that this enables learning about child-abuse preventing activities.

代际支持背景下老年人社区服务设施需求特征研究——以深圳公共住房为例

深圳市老年人非户籍人口占比大,提供代际支持的随迁老年人构成了常住老龄人口主力。立足于深圳公共住房建设现状及老年人特征,通过问卷调研多维度探析老年人设施使用需求;采用活动日志调研探析老年人日常社区服务设施使用的时间规律及行为链特征;结合典型案例定点行为观察,探析老年人时间-行为-设施使用场景。研究结果表明老年人社区活动设施需求显著,农贸菜市场及连锁超市的需求较大,教育设施成为老年人使用的重要设施,社康中心需求大于综合医院,养老设施需求较低等特征;各类社区服务设施使用的时间规律及设施组合使用规律明显等。研究结果可为深圳公共住房社区服务设施适老性优化提供有益的参考。

领悟社会支持对突发公共卫生事件中一线人员正念干预效用中的中介效应

目的研究正念干预在突发公共卫生事件中一线人员中的效果,并考察领悟社会支持在正念干预效用中的中介效应。方法选择2021年3月至2022年4月在医院一线工作的200名医务人员为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组100名。对照组给予常规心理干预,观察组给予正念干预。干预后比较两组医护人员的正念水平、领悟社会支持能力、睡眠质量和心理情况。分析以上四者之间的相关性,采用中介效应模型分析领悟社会支持在正念干预效用中的中介效应。结果干预后,观察组医护人员的正念水平和领悟社会支持量表评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组分别为(89.59±8.45)分和(88.48±8.53)分,对照组分别为(71.35±7.47)分和(76.34±7.58)分。观察组医护人员的睡眠质量和焦虑-抑郁-压力量表评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05),分别为(7.35±1.24)分和(16.46±2.29)分,对照组分别为(13.56±2.31)分和(29.48±3.05)分。医护人员的正念水平与领悟社会能力呈正相关,两者分别与焦虑-抑郁-压力和睡眠质量呈负相关。领悟社会支持在正念水平和正念干预效果中发挥中介效应,正念与睡眠质量的总效应值为-0.347,与焦虑之间为-0.439,与抑郁之间为-0.508,与压力之间为-0.395。结论正念干预能可直接或通过领悟社会支持能力间接作用,显著提高突发公共卫生事件中一线人员改善其睡眠质量及负面情绪,具有重要临床应用价值。

突发公共卫生事件科技支撑能力的质性研究

目的:探索应对突发公共卫生事件的科技支撑能力的构成及本质,为突发公共卫生事件的预防和处置提供支持。方法:采用扎根理论,通过访谈及收集相关文献资料,使用Nvivo软件进行开放性编码、选择性编码以及理论性编码,解构了突发公共卫生事件的科技支撑能力的构成及关系。结果:凝练出718个初始节点、139个概念节点、15个初始范畴及4个核心范畴,并以此构建了突发公共卫生事件科技支撑能力的理论模型。结论:科技支撑能力包括自主创新能力、成果转化能力、组织管理能力和抵御风险能力四个组成部分。进一步将这四种能力划分为基础层、核心层和目的层三个层次,构建了科技支撑能力的金字塔模型,系统性地理解这些能力的重要性、能力的组成及相互间的关联与依赖关系。

新能源汽车产业扶持政策绩效评价指标体系构建

实施全面预算绩效管理将政策绩效纳入评价范畴,对政策进行绩效评价是全面预算绩效管理扎实落地的必要工作。确立政策绩效评价的基本理论、构筑政策绩效评价的框架体系成为政策绩效评价实务操作的必要课题。因政策本身较为宏大,涉及面广,近年来国家在新能源汽车产业发展上出台了较多扶持政策,投入了大量的资金。将新能源汽车产业扶持政策作为研究对象,以点带面,基于产业发展这一公共价值诉求,针对产业规模、产业技术、产业创新、产业环境和产业国际化5个方面选取18个指标构建新能源汽车产业扶持政策绩效评价指标体系,为公共政策绩效评价体系的构建提供参考。

古希腊的社会支持体系与城邦救济机制

古希腊的社会救济主要依靠社会支持体系、公共支持体系以及城邦救济机制,社会支持体系包括家庭支持与社会共同体支持,公共支持体系包括共地支持、自愿捐献和公共慈善,城邦救济机制包括国家薪金与工作救济等,构成一种以社会支持体系为基础,公共支持体系为依托,城邦救济机制为支撑的社会救济体系。正是上述社会支持体系、公共支持体系与城邦救济机制,使得古希腊虽然没有建立社会救济制度,却可以在一定程度上应对贫困,并为西欧社会的贫困治理奠定了文化基因。

科技支撑对突发公共卫生事件处置水平的影响机制——基于fsQCA方法的组态分析

科技支撑是应对突发公共卫生事件的重要引擎,如何通过科技支撑体系的构建来提升应急管理能力是当下亟待解决的问题。从“技术-组织-环境”(TOE)框架出发,基于NCA和fsQCA分析法,探究科技支撑对中国突发公共卫生事件处置水平的影响机制。研究发现,生物医疗创新、数字技术创新、监测预警能力、成果转化产业环境,均为影响突发公共卫生事件处置水平的必要条件;此外,突发公共卫生事件高处置水平组态存在4类驱动路径,分别为科技-政策驱动、数字创新驱动、制度创新驱动和预警驱动型,这些路径对于突发公共卫生事件的应对大有裨益,能够保障公众健康,增进社会稳定,推动“健康中国”的全新发展。

突发公共卫生事件下社区应急医疗资源保障系统建设策略研究

面对突发公共卫生事件,社区存在应急机制建立不完善、应急处置能力与信息化建设有待提高、社区风险意识不足等问题。通过借鉴国外应急医疗资源保障系统的建设经验,提出构建多方参与的应急保障机制、建立社区应急医疗物资的社会化储备制度、建立事后恢复机制、制定社区应急医疗保障人员及能力、应急医疗物资储备清单、医疗卫生风险清单等策略建议。

财政金融支农与农民增收:作用机制与空间效应

基于农业创新和农村基本公共服务视角,采用双向固定效应模型分析2006—2020年省域财政金融支农对农民收入的作用机制,并构建空间杜宾模型考察财政金融支农、农业创新和农村基本公共服务对农民收入的空间效应。分析发现:财政金融支农对农民增收具有正向作用,但存在随区域和时间变化的异质性;农业创新和农村基本公共服务在财政金融支农与农民增收间存在中介效应;财政支农对农民增收发挥显著正向直接效应和总体效应,间接效应不显著,金融支农则具有显著正向直接效应、间接效应和总体效应;农业创新和农村基本公共服务在财政金融支农对农民增收作用中均存在显著正向直接效应和空间溢出效应。

基于ISOA-SVR模型的短期网络舆情预测

网络舆情传播具有时效性和小样本特征,提出一种改进海鸥算法优化支持向量回归的网络舆情预测模型ISOA-SVR。为提高SOA算法的性能,设计sigmoid函数非线性收敛因子实现种群迁徙与攻击阶段的平滑转换;引入精英个体多阶段动态扰动避免局部最优;设计正余弦优化指引种群位置二次更新,提高局部寻优能力。SVR学习效率高、逼近能力强,但对参数初值敏感、泛化能力仍有不足,利用ISOA算法对SVR优化调参,构建网络舆情预测模型ISOA-SVR。实验结果表明,ISOA-SVR数据拟合度更高,稳定性和收敛性表现更好。

美国公共图书馆就业支持服务:路径、特征与启示

文章基于网络调研、文献综述和案例研究,探析美国公共图书馆就业支持服务供给的核心路径与主要特征,同时对国内公共图书馆提供就业支持服务的实践提出以下思路:发挥省级公共图书馆的职能,打造就业支持服务综合平台,明确参与主体及其合作模式,建立服务效果反馈机制。

平时与战时:应对重大突发公共卫生事件的科技支撑能力

基于平时和战时全视角,探索应对重大突发公共卫生事件的科技支撑能力本质。首先,总结科技支撑应对新冠感染的典型,指出科技支撑平时和战时的双元特性;其次,进一步从平时、战时及嵌入关系层面对科技支撑能力及其发挥的作用进行解构,构建科技支撑应对突发公共危机的全过程管理模型;最后,从多方面提出提升科技支撑能力的路径和对策,以拓展科技支撑能力相关研究,为完善应急管理科技支撑体系提供理论与实践指导。

心理需要满足感对科技领军人才公共服务动机的影响机制——社会支持的调节作用

科技领军人才是国家重大科技任务担纲领衔者,是培养战略科学家队伍最重要的后备军,有意识地发现、培养、用好科技领军人才意义重大。以314位国家级科技领军人才的一手调查数据为样本,对科技领军人才的公共服务动机影响机制进行实证研究。结果发现:科技领军人才的心理需要满足感、社会支持对公共服务动机具有显著正向影响;社会支持对心理需要满足感与公共服务动机之间的关系具有显著正向调节作用;入选“国家科技领军人才”后,科技领军人才基本心理需要满足感有不同变化,表现在胜任需要满足感增强,而自主性需要满足感、关系需要满足感可能会下降;不同类型科技领军人才渴望获得的社会支持侧重点不同,表现在科技创新领军人才更需要“组织协调”“安心科研”“亲情获得”等社会支持,而科技创业领军人才更需要“政产学研相结合”“科技成果转化”等社会支持。

大型公立医院“学习型”后勤保障团队建设的实践与探索

近年来大型公立医院信息化建设提速,而后勤建设受诸多因素制约,往往落后于医院整体建设进程;支撑医院后勤运行的各种新技术、新设备、新系统也在不断更新,对后勤人员提出了更高的要求,亟须建设高素质的保障队伍来组织与实施。建设“学习型”后勤保障团队,打造团队学习力、提高竞争优势,是当下医院后勤建设的战略选择。在“学习型”后勤保障团队建设上,应以人才培养为基础,以学习建设为基本方法,以组织建设为抓手,强化思想和职业理念教育,积极构建新型保障管理体系,为一线医疗活动提供便捷高效的保障服务。

家庭富裕程度、基本公共服务水平与农户满意度

基于2021-2022年乡村振兴重点帮扶县的84个村2205个家庭的调查数据,评估家庭富裕程度对农户帮扶政策满意度的影响,并讨论基本公共服务的调节机制。研究发现:家庭越富裕,农户对帮扶政策的满意度越高;在各分项满意度指标中,收入提高会显著增加农户对产业帮扶、就业帮扶、村集体经济经营效果和乡村建设的满意度,但会显著降低对义务教育方便性的满意度;不同村属性与不同家庭类型的农户随着收入提高对帮扶政策的满意度存在异质性。机制分析表明,教育、基础设施建设与数字乡村建设均在家庭富裕程度对农户帮扶政策满意度的影响机制中起着正向加强作用,医疗支出压力起着负向减弱作用。文章从提高农户参与度、加强公共服务建设和针对不同村属性与不同类型农户适度调整帮扶政策等方面提出了提高农户满意度的政策建议。

促进公立医院医护人员心理健康的组织支持策略研究

目的梳理典型公立医院为改善医护人员心理健康所采取的组织支持策略,为各地医院提供借鉴与参考,增强医护健康力。方法于2023年12月检索筛选出57个公立医院对于医护人员心理健康的组织支持案例,利用主题框架法对案例医院具体措施的文本内容进行编码分析。开展2轮专家咨询以进一步筛选典型案例。结果根据编码内容确定了制度优化、专业服务、宣讲教育、人文关怀4项总策略及其相对应的9项分策略。进一步对专家筛选出的11个典型案例进行总结分析,提炼出各医院为改善医护人员心理健康所开展的具体实践。结论医护人员的心理健康状况不容乐观,医院需给予充分重视,并针对现有问题采取支持性的组织措施。如扩充心理专业人才储备,增强信息化技术应用,提升医护心理服务接受意愿等。

重大自然灾害事件中全媒体舆情风险防范的共意机制建构--以K396次列车洪灾脱险事件为例

[研究目的]超时空泛在的全媒体放大了重大自然灾害事件中的舆情风险。研究旨在探究该类舆情由危转机的机理,荟聚舆情支持力量,进而提升应急管理效能。[研究方法]以K396次列车脱险过程的舆论演进势态为研究对象,依托全形态大数据挖掘和可视化分析技术,对舆情事件演化过程进行精准描摹。基于建构主义理论,立足“要素-机制”系统分析框架,厘清“整合性共意”机制中的多元主体要素、互动关系和运行链条。[研究结论]透过重大突发自然灾害事件中舆情危机向舆情支持的个案演变过程,洞见到各司其职、共同参与的国家管理者、民众、新闻媒体和专家学者,通过“刺激发生-汇集分析-接触交流-互动回应-共意建构-决策引导”六环节,不断推动着整合性共意机制的协调运转。该研究为构筑全媒体环境下共建共治共享的国家应急管理体系提供了实践模式和理论参考。