In this study,the statistical information of 166 park Public-Private Partnership(PPP)projects in China,such as investment,area,project stage,and locality area,was collected to analyze types of clusters and defined fiv...In this study,the statistical information of 166 park Public-Private Partnership(PPP)projects in China,such as investment,area,project stage,and locality area,was collected to analyze types of clusters and defined five types.For each type of cluster,it was possible to analyze the merits of park PPP projects in China.The case study also revealed the construction process of the entities that build,manage and operate the projects.With the findings from the analysis,it can present a perspective on Japan and China and compare park Private Finance Initiative(PFI)and PPP projects between Japan and China.展开更多
This study aimed to describe the responses of the participants to the Public-Private Sectors Partnerships(PPSP)in Education in DepEd Ibaan District,Province of Batangas,Philippines in order to achieve the schools’goa...This study aimed to describe the responses of the participants to the Public-Private Sectors Partnerships(PPSP)in Education in DepEd Ibaan District,Province of Batangas,Philippines in order to achieve the schools’goals and sustain Public-Private Sectors Partnership engagement with schools in the district.This study employed the descriptive-qualitative research in which responses of 16 school heads of DepEd Ibaan District who were the respondents were coded,analyzed,and interpreted.School administrators,community stakeholders,future administrators and researchers may use the proposed plan of action as a guide in providing future directions for a Public-Private Sectors Partnerships(PPSP)in Education.展开更多
The study indicates that public-private partnerships （PPPs） can play ＂strategic＂, ＂practical＂, or ＂regulative＂ roles by making use of ＂instrumental＂, ＂institutional＂, and ＂normative＂ approaches in tackli...The study indicates that public-private partnerships （PPPs） can play ＂strategic＂, ＂practical＂, or ＂regulative＂ roles by making use of ＂instrumental＂, ＂institutional＂, and ＂normative＂ approaches in tackling political issues between countries. PPPs have often been discussed in studies of urban development, service provision, health care, and so on, but they have rarely been analyzed in terms of international relations and political problems on global environmental issues. This study takes an environmental problena---Sino-US energy and climate change cooperation--as a case study to inspect the possible roles and approaches of PPPs. Sino-US cooperation has been launched such as under the Strategic ＆ Economic Dialogue （S＆ED） by both administrations, which has significantly contributed to their reconciliation of domestic abatement policies in climate change, environmental protection, and energy. The establishment of schemes such as the Ten-Year Framework for Cooperation on Energy and Environment （TYF）, the EcoPartnerships, and wide-ranging dialogues and initiatives on clean energy and clean vehicles, in which both public and private actors participate, are among the important approaches of facilitating bilateral cooperation. The study concludes that these schemes have played strategic and practical roles in strengthening the degree of mutual trust and in facilitating the progress of cooperation, although more investigations are needed to considerate their regulative roles. The application of instrumental, institutional, and normative approaches have been observed through the implementation of the TYF and EcoPartnerships.展开更多
The provision of decent accommodation is a major challenge to government in the developing nations. It is a common phenomenon in the urban centres of the developing nations where most houses are in deplorable conditio...The provision of decent accommodation is a major challenge to government in the developing nations. It is a common phenomenon in the urban centres of the developing nations where most houses are in deplorable conditions. The houses are overcrowded with little or no air space between them. There is no basic sanitation in the urban centres as they lack flush toilet, some of the few available flush toilets are piped into seasonal streams, most houses lack defined kitchen areas and healthy sewage disposal method. The cities lack good access roads and functional drainage system with a common practice of environmentally-unfriendly solid waste management methods that create various health challenges to urban dwellers. The aim of the study is to show how in-situ Housing method of slum rehabilitation can be applied through Public/Private Partnership to upgrade houses within a major slum area in Yenagoa. This shall be done with an agreement between the property owners, Real Estate investors and the state government. Basic Research Methodology was applied using questionnaire, direct observation and personal interview techniques to collect data. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were applied to analyse data through the use of tables and charts. The findings in the study showed that poor housing condition seriously degrade the environmental quality of the study area. The standard of living in the area is very poor as the people lack access to decent accommodation, basic sanitation and social amenities.展开更多
The motivation in public-private partnerships （PPPs） is to harness the strengths of public and private partners to deliver essential public services. The ability to transfer risk to the private sector in PPP has bee...The motivation in public-private partnerships （PPPs） is to harness the strengths of public and private partners to deliver essential public services. The ability to transfer risk to the private sector in PPP has been one of the reasons why the public sector relies on the private sector to participate in the development of infrastructure projects. In most instances, the public sector also believes that the private sector can fund the project at a lower cost. The private sector on the other hand, believes that they could achieve a strong financial return based on the concessions that the public sector will provide. If the sectors feel altruistic empathy to each other, they will realize that their original goals are not achievable. However, having understood the other sector＇s needs and constraints, collaborative negotiation will yield a set of common goals. There are no commonly agreed frameworks on collaborative negotiation before PPP is formally established. The objective of this paper is to use deductive analysis to develop a conceptual framework for inquiring into the motivations of the public and private sectors during negotiation. This framework will provide insights on the extent of altruistic empathy of both sectors at the onset and how this altruistic empathy frames collaborative negotiation. This paper shows that collaborative negotiation will influence the success of partnerships and altruistic empathy is an important preamble to collaborative negotiation. This paper provides a frame of reference for future study using other research methods for further validation.展开更多
In Kenya, small-scale fanning has immense potential in poverty reduction. The growth of farming activities requires sustainable access to affordable credit to boost and sustain production. This study is initiated to i...In Kenya, small-scale fanning has immense potential in poverty reduction. The growth of farming activities requires sustainable access to affordable credit to boost and sustain production. This study is initiated to investigate factors influencing access to bank credit by small-scale farmers in Kisumu and Kiambu Districts, Kenya. It is necessitated by lack of a comprehensive study documenting the effectiveness of the partnership initiative in improving access to credit for small-scale farmers. The study seeks to address the following concerns： what factors influence access to bank credit by small-scale farmers under the initiative？ Are small-scale farmers in various parts of the country accessing bank credit equally？ Through which sources do farmers get to know about credit products provided through the initiative？ Primary data was collected from 144 farmers in Kiambu and 127 farmers in Kisumu, sampled using systematic random procedure. The cross-sectional survey design was applied to guide the research process. Quantitative analysis generated cross-tabulations with chi-square and binary logistic regression. The study found that out of 144 credit applicants in Kiambu about 56.3% were successful, while in Kisumu only 37.8% were successful. Access to bank credit was significantly associated with farmers＇ gender, education level, income level, farm size, and farming experience. Besides, women were 1.3 times less likely to access bank credit than men. In terms of regional variation, a Kiambu farmer was 2.7 times more likely to obtain bank credit than a Kisumu farmer. The initiative is an innovative approach for enhancing access to bank credit; however, its potential has not been fully exploited. The study recommends the need： to inform farmers about credit products to clear misconceptions and myths associated with bank credit; develop innovative financing packages for small-scale farmers that are also gender-sensitive; and to initiate a training program targeting farmers with appropriate information.展开更多
The public-private partnership has been in use in the world for over 40 years, and has been growing at a varying rate and with mixed success in different countries. Based on the experience gained in selected countries...The public-private partnership has been in use in the world for over 40 years, and has been growing at a varying rate and with mixed success in different countries. Based on the experience gained in selected countries, this article shows key success factors of the public-private partnership.展开更多
Traditionally,public goods and services have been provided by the government.In recent decades,however,public-private partnerships(PPP)were created to assist the best use of both public and private sector resources to...Traditionally,public goods and services have been provided by the government.In recent decades,however,public-private partnerships(PPP)were created to assist the best use of both public and private sector resources to enhance and extend public infrastructure assets and services.Throughout history,although governments have adopted such a combination of public and private ventures,the 1990s and early 21st centuries have witnessed a clear trend of governments across the world making significant use of different PPP arrangements.The rapid growth of PPPs has occurred since the 1990s throughout the globe as it was considered the preferred tool for public procurement of infrastructure and services.This paper examines the relevant literature of PPP and attempts to identify the historical development,the major reasons,the main types,forms,benefits of building PPP,as well as challenging issues facing the implementation of PPP in today’s world.展开更多
Zimbabwe has serious financial constraints so the only viable option to procure infrastructure is through engaging the private sector in public-private partnerships to enhance the chances of successfully undertaking p...Zimbabwe has serious financial constraints so the only viable option to procure infrastructure is through engaging the private sector in public-private partnerships to enhance the chances of successfully undertaking public projects like sustainable transport. This study creates the basis for a potential public-private partnership with a trackless tram/solar energy project in Bulawayo which has multiple advantages for sustainable development goals. It identifies six other projects in Zimbabwe that can provide some guidance for developing an appropriate PPP that could assist procure such infrastructure. The projects are drawn from the three critical sectors of the economy: power generation, highways/transport, and water/sanitation. Empirical investigations of these projects reveal the effectiveness of the PPP concept to deliver infrastructure for emerging economies. This suggests an ideal PPP arrangement that increases the likelihood of getting projects like the proposed sustainable transport project in Bulawayo implemented quickly and efficiently, especially if formulated to incorporate the project’s local socio-economic dynamics.展开更多
Public-Private Partnership （PPP） financing modalily has the ability of alleviating the budgetary pressure to the government. fulfilling the need of infrastructure development, and improving the efficiency of investm...Public-Private Partnership （PPP） financing modalily has the ability of alleviating the budgetary pressure to the government. fulfilling the need of infrastructure development, and improving the efficiency of investment and operation. However, the negotiations between the government and the investors are time-consuming and costly, due to the perspective differences in risk allocation and revenue distribution. Disputes often arise during concession period because of changes in various risks or non-performance of its obligalions, especially when one sector was forced to accept the requirements by the other as a result of the unequal status, the project urgency or other reasons. Only a few PPP projects in China could perform successfully. There is therefore a need to develop an equitable risk allocation mechanism for the delivery of PPP projects in China so as to improve the efficiency of private investment in infrastructure development.展开更多
In view of the lack of financial aid and the migration of industries,the role of local governments shifted from social reproduction to development and production,which made the development of the local economy their m...In view of the lack of financial aid and the migration of industries,the role of local governments shifted from social reproduction to development and production,which made the development of the local economy their main responsibility.The local governments hence have to face challenges in their management in regards to the arising changes and needs.This Taipei Central Bus Station Build Operate Transfer(BOT)project of urban formation and development is not only a trend in countries around the globe;it is also an area the Taiwan Residents governments are actively involved in.With the impact of urbanization,the size of highly functional cities has surpassed core city administrative regions;therefore,this has generated various planning,administrative and policy issues.This study examines the public-private partnership(PPP)views on urban development;the research methodology will be designed to focus on qualitative research,the following conclusions were made:(1)The basic goal of global city competitiveness of Taipei was promoted by implementing“qlubarnization”,a spatial development strategy dependent on intercalary abilities.(2)Taipei is located in the hub of Asia,linking China's Mainland and Taiwan,facing the world,peaceful and stable,rich and diverse in culture,such that adopting the“hybrid or mixed-use development model”will allow“the national gate of the country program—Central Station,Central Park”to become an international city brand.(3)Taking the“Taipei Main Station PPPs model development of the Taipei Central Bus Station BOT project of nine precincts specific land development projects”as a key success indicator,the government took privatization or PPP into consideration,loosened the monopoly on urban infrastructure,created infrastructure services and a maintenance market,positioned the city as a“supranational”entity in terms of capital flow,and sought a coherent land policy.展开更多
文摘In this study,the statistical information of 166 park Public-Private Partnership(PPP)projects in China,such as investment,area,project stage,and locality area,was collected to analyze types of clusters and defined five types.For each type of cluster,it was possible to analyze the merits of park PPP projects in China.The case study also revealed the construction process of the entities that build,manage and operate the projects.With the findings from the analysis,it can present a perspective on Japan and China and compare park Private Finance Initiative(PFI)and PPP projects between Japan and China.
基金The author would like to acknowledge the support and technical assistance given by Mrs.Myrna R.De Castro,English Master Teacher II of Dr.Juan A.Pastor Memorial National High School,Department of Education,Ibaan District,Batangas Province,Philippines.
文摘This study aimed to describe the responses of the participants to the Public-Private Sectors Partnerships(PPSP)in Education in DepEd Ibaan District,Province of Batangas,Philippines in order to achieve the schools’goals and sustain Public-Private Sectors Partnership engagement with schools in the district.This study employed the descriptive-qualitative research in which responses of 16 school heads of DepEd Ibaan District who were the respondents were coded,analyzed,and interpreted.School administrators,community stakeholders,future administrators and researchers may use the proposed plan of action as a guide in providing future directions for a Public-Private Sectors Partnerships(PPSP)in Education.
文摘The study indicates that public-private partnerships （PPPs） can play ＂strategic＂, ＂practical＂, or ＂regulative＂ roles by making use of ＂instrumental＂, ＂institutional＂, and ＂normative＂ approaches in tackling political issues between countries. PPPs have often been discussed in studies of urban development, service provision, health care, and so on, but they have rarely been analyzed in terms of international relations and political problems on global environmental issues. This study takes an environmental problena---Sino-US energy and climate change cooperation--as a case study to inspect the possible roles and approaches of PPPs. Sino-US cooperation has been launched such as under the Strategic ＆ Economic Dialogue （S＆ED） by both administrations, which has significantly contributed to their reconciliation of domestic abatement policies in climate change, environmental protection, and energy. The establishment of schemes such as the Ten-Year Framework for Cooperation on Energy and Environment （TYF）, the EcoPartnerships, and wide-ranging dialogues and initiatives on clean energy and clean vehicles, in which both public and private actors participate, are among the important approaches of facilitating bilateral cooperation. The study concludes that these schemes have played strategic and practical roles in strengthening the degree of mutual trust and in facilitating the progress of cooperation, although more investigations are needed to considerate their regulative roles. The application of instrumental, institutional, and normative approaches have been observed through the implementation of the TYF and EcoPartnerships.
文摘The provision of decent accommodation is a major challenge to government in the developing nations. It is a common phenomenon in the urban centres of the developing nations where most houses are in deplorable conditions. The houses are overcrowded with little or no air space between them. There is no basic sanitation in the urban centres as they lack flush toilet, some of the few available flush toilets are piped into seasonal streams, most houses lack defined kitchen areas and healthy sewage disposal method. The cities lack good access roads and functional drainage system with a common practice of environmentally-unfriendly solid waste management methods that create various health challenges to urban dwellers. The aim of the study is to show how in-situ Housing method of slum rehabilitation can be applied through Public/Private Partnership to upgrade houses within a major slum area in Yenagoa. This shall be done with an agreement between the property owners, Real Estate investors and the state government. Basic Research Methodology was applied using questionnaire, direct observation and personal interview techniques to collect data. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were applied to analyse data through the use of tables and charts. The findings in the study showed that poor housing condition seriously degrade the environmental quality of the study area. The standard of living in the area is very poor as the people lack access to decent accommodation, basic sanitation and social amenities.
文摘The motivation in public-private partnerships （PPPs） is to harness the strengths of public and private partners to deliver essential public services. The ability to transfer risk to the private sector in PPP has been one of the reasons why the public sector relies on the private sector to participate in the development of infrastructure projects. In most instances, the public sector also believes that the private sector can fund the project at a lower cost. The private sector on the other hand, believes that they could achieve a strong financial return based on the concessions that the public sector will provide. If the sectors feel altruistic empathy to each other, they will realize that their original goals are not achievable. However, having understood the other sector＇s needs and constraints, collaborative negotiation will yield a set of common goals. There are no commonly agreed frameworks on collaborative negotiation before PPP is formally established. The objective of this paper is to use deductive analysis to develop a conceptual framework for inquiring into the motivations of the public and private sectors during negotiation. This framework will provide insights on the extent of altruistic empathy of both sectors at the onset and how this altruistic empathy frames collaborative negotiation. This paper shows that collaborative negotiation will influence the success of partnerships and altruistic empathy is an important preamble to collaborative negotiation. This paper provides a frame of reference for future study using other research methods for further validation.
文摘In Kenya, small-scale fanning has immense potential in poverty reduction. The growth of farming activities requires sustainable access to affordable credit to boost and sustain production. This study is initiated to investigate factors influencing access to bank credit by small-scale farmers in Kisumu and Kiambu Districts, Kenya. It is necessitated by lack of a comprehensive study documenting the effectiveness of the partnership initiative in improving access to credit for small-scale farmers. The study seeks to address the following concerns： what factors influence access to bank credit by small-scale farmers under the initiative？ Are small-scale farmers in various parts of the country accessing bank credit equally？ Through which sources do farmers get to know about credit products provided through the initiative？ Primary data was collected from 144 farmers in Kiambu and 127 farmers in Kisumu, sampled using systematic random procedure. The cross-sectional survey design was applied to guide the research process. Quantitative analysis generated cross-tabulations with chi-square and binary logistic regression. The study found that out of 144 credit applicants in Kiambu about 56.3% were successful, while in Kisumu only 37.8% were successful. Access to bank credit was significantly associated with farmers＇ gender, education level, income level, farm size, and farming experience. Besides, women were 1.3 times less likely to access bank credit than men. In terms of regional variation, a Kiambu farmer was 2.7 times more likely to obtain bank credit than a Kisumu farmer. The initiative is an innovative approach for enhancing access to bank credit; however, its potential has not been fully exploited. The study recommends the need： to inform farmers about credit products to clear misconceptions and myths associated with bank credit; develop innovative financing packages for small-scale farmers that are also gender-sensitive; and to initiate a training program targeting farmers with appropriate information.
文摘The public-private partnership has been in use in the world for over 40 years, and has been growing at a varying rate and with mixed success in different countries. Based on the experience gained in selected countries, this article shows key success factors of the public-private partnership.
文摘Traditionally,public goods and services have been provided by the government.In recent decades,however,public-private partnerships(PPP)were created to assist the best use of both public and private sector resources to enhance and extend public infrastructure assets and services.Throughout history,although governments have adopted such a combination of public and private ventures,the 1990s and early 21st centuries have witnessed a clear trend of governments across the world making significant use of different PPP arrangements.The rapid growth of PPPs has occurred since the 1990s throughout the globe as it was considered the preferred tool for public procurement of infrastructure and services.This paper examines the relevant literature of PPP and attempts to identify the historical development,the major reasons,the main types,forms,benefits of building PPP,as well as challenging issues facing the implementation of PPP in today’s world.
文摘Zimbabwe has serious financial constraints so the only viable option to procure infrastructure is through engaging the private sector in public-private partnerships to enhance the chances of successfully undertaking public projects like sustainable transport. This study creates the basis for a potential public-private partnership with a trackless tram/solar energy project in Bulawayo which has multiple advantages for sustainable development goals. It identifies six other projects in Zimbabwe that can provide some guidance for developing an appropriate PPP that could assist procure such infrastructure. The projects are drawn from the three critical sectors of the economy: power generation, highways/transport, and water/sanitation. Empirical investigations of these projects reveal the effectiveness of the PPP concept to deliver infrastructure for emerging economies. This suggests an ideal PPP arrangement that increases the likelihood of getting projects like the proposed sustainable transport project in Bulawayo implemented quickly and efficiently, especially if formulated to incorporate the project’s local socio-economic dynamics.
文摘Public-Private Partnership （PPP） financing modalily has the ability of alleviating the budgetary pressure to the government. fulfilling the need of infrastructure development, and improving the efficiency of investment and operation. However, the negotiations between the government and the investors are time-consuming and costly, due to the perspective differences in risk allocation and revenue distribution. Disputes often arise during concession period because of changes in various risks or non-performance of its obligalions, especially when one sector was forced to accept the requirements by the other as a result of the unequal status, the project urgency or other reasons. Only a few PPP projects in China could perform successfully. There is therefore a need to develop an equitable risk allocation mechanism for the delivery of PPP projects in China so as to improve the efficiency of private investment in infrastructure development.
文摘In view of the lack of financial aid and the migration of industries,the role of local governments shifted from social reproduction to development and production,which made the development of the local economy their main responsibility.The local governments hence have to face challenges in their management in regards to the arising changes and needs.This Taipei Central Bus Station Build Operate Transfer(BOT)project of urban formation and development is not only a trend in countries around the globe;it is also an area the Taiwan Residents governments are actively involved in.With the impact of urbanization,the size of highly functional cities has surpassed core city administrative regions;therefore,this has generated various planning,administrative and policy issues.This study examines the public-private partnership(PPP)views on urban development;the research methodology will be designed to focus on qualitative research,the following conclusions were made:(1)The basic goal of global city competitiveness of Taipei was promoted by implementing“qlubarnization”,a spatial development strategy dependent on intercalary abilities.(2)Taipei is located in the hub of Asia,linking China's Mainland and Taiwan,facing the world,peaceful and stable,rich and diverse in culture,such that adopting the“hybrid or mixed-use development model”will allow“the national gate of the country program—Central Station,Central Park”to become an international city brand.(3)Taking the“Taipei Main Station PPPs model development of the Taipei Central Bus Station BOT project of nine precincts specific land development projects”as a key success indicator,the government took privatization or PPP into consideration,loosened the monopoly on urban infrastructure,created infrastructure services and a maintenance market,positioned the city as a“supranational”entity in terms of capital flow,and sought a coherent land policy.
