Alleviation of acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury by inhibiting the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells

BACKGROUND Previous reports have suggested that the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway is involved in the development of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)-related acute lung injury(ALI).Inhibition of p38 by SB203580 blocked the inflammatory responses in SAP-ALI.However,the precise mechanism associated with p38 is unclear,particularly in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell(PMVEC)injury.AIM To determine its role in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)-induced inflammation and apoptosis of PMVECs in vitro.We then conducted in vivo experiments to confirm the effect of SB203580-mediated p38 inhibition on SAP-ALI.METHODS In vitro,PMVEC were transfected with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6(Glu),which constitutively activates p38,and then stimulated with TNF-α.Flow cytometry and western blotting were performed to detect the cell apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine levels,respectively.In vivo,SAP-ALI was induced by 5%sodium taurocholate and three different doses of SB203580(2.5,5.0 or 10.0 mg/kg)were intraperitoneally injected prior to SAP induction.SAP-ALI was assessed by performing pulmonary histopathology assays,measuring myeloperoxidase activity,conducting arterial blood gas analyses and measuring TNF-α,interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-6 levels.Lung microvascular permeability was measured by determining bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein concentration,Evans blue pulmonary cells was confirmed by performing a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling analysis and examining the Bcl2,Bax,Bim and cle-caspase3 levels.The proteins levels of P-p38,NFκB,IκB,P-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3,nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,HO-1 and Myd88 were detected in the lungs to further evaluate the potential mechanism underlying the protective effect of SB203580.RESULTS In vitro,mitogen-activated protein kinase(Glu)transfection resulted in higher apoptotic rates and cytokine(IL-1βand IL-6)levels in TNF-α-treated PMVECs.In vivo,SB2035080 attenuated lung histopathological injury,decreased inflammatory activity(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and myeloperoxidase)and preserved pulmonary function.Furthermore,SB203580 significantly reversed changes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein concentration,Evans blue accumulation,terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive cell numbers,apoptosis-related proteins(cle-caspase3,Bim and Bax)and endothelial microstructure.Moreover,SB203580 significantly reduced the pulmonary P-p38,NFκB,P-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and Myd88 levels but increased the IκB and HO-1 levels.CONCLUSION p38 inhibition may protect against SAP-ALI by alleviating inflammation and the apoptotic death of PMVECs.

Hypoxia Down-regulates Secretion of MMP-2, MMP-9 in Porcine Pulmonary Artery Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells and the Role of HIF-1

Summary： Primary cell culture, techniques of gene transfection, gelatin zymography, and Western blot were used to investigate the effect of hypoxia on the secretion of MMP 2 and MMP-9 in pulmonary artery endothelial cells （PAEC） and smooth muscle cells （PASMC）, and the role of HIF-1. Our results showed that （1） after exposure to hypoxia for 24 h, the protein content and activity of MMP-2 in the PAEC medium as well as these of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in PASMC medium （P〈0. 01 ） decreased significantly in contrast to those in normoxic group （P（0.05） ; （2） after transfection of wild type EPO3＇ enhancer, a HIF-1 decoy, the content and activity of MMP 2 and MMP-9 in hypoxic mediums became higher than those in normoxic group （P〈0. 01）, while transfection of mutant EPO3＇-enhancer didn＇t affect the hypoxia-induced down-regulation. It is concluded that hypoxia could inhibit the secretion and activity of MMP 2 and MMP-9 in PAEC and PASMC, which could he mitigated by the transfection of EPO3 ＇-enhancer and that H1F-1 pathway might contribute to hypoxia-induced down regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9.

Baicalin Induces IFN-α/β and IFN-γ Expressions in Cultured Mouse Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells

We studied the effect of baicalin,an extract from Radix Scutellariae（a traditional Chinese medicine） in inducing mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells（MPMVECs） to produce interferons（IFNs）.MPMVECs were cultured in vitro in the presence of different concentrations of baicalin（10,20,and 30 μg mL-1）,and the cells and the culture media were harvested at various time intervals.The proteins and mRNA levels（relative to β-actin） of IFN-α/β and IFN-γ were analyzed by RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）.It was observed that baicalin substantially up-regulated the expression of IFN-α/β and IFN-γ.In all baicalin-treated groups,the relative levels of IFN-α/β and IFN-γ mRNAs peaked after 12 h of culturing,and IFN-α/β and IFN-γ proteins peaked after 24 h of culturing.These results suggest that baicalin can effectively induce the expression of IFNs in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells,and thus potentially act as an antiviral compound.This study may provide background information for developing new antiviral drugs based on baicalin.

Effects of Sirt1 on proliferation,migration,and apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells in peripheral blood of SD rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective:To explore the effect of Sirt1 on the function of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:A rat COPD model was established via smoking and endotoxin administration for three months.The peripheral circulating EPCs were isolated by gradient centrifugation,and their functions,cell cycle distribution,apoptosis,and Sirt1 expression were examined.The function changes of EPCs in the presence or absence of Sirt1 agonist and inhibitor were estimated;meanwhile,the expressions of Sirt1,FOXO3a,NF-κB,and p53 were also evaluated.Results:The proliferation,adhesion,and migration of EPCs decreased while the apoptosis rate was increased in the COPD rats.The expression of Sirt1 protein in EPCs of the COPD group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.01).The overexpression of the Sirt1 gene using a gene transfection technique or Sirt1 agonists(SRT1720)improved the proliferation,migration,and adhesion,and decreased the apoptosis of EPC.However,Sirt1 inhibitor(EX527)decreased EPC functions in the COPD group.The effect of Sirt1 expression on EPC function may be related to reduction of FOXO3a and increase of NF-κB and p53 activity.Conclusions:Increased expression of Sirt1 can improve the proliferation and migration of EPCs and reduce their apoptosis in COPD rats.This change may be related to FOXO3a,NF-κB,and p53 signaling pathways.

Study of plasma effects during hypoxia and hemorrhagic shock on polymorphonuclear neutrophil-vascular endothelial cell interactions in vitro

The plasma effects during hypoxia and hemorrhagic shock on the interactions between plymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) were studied. The plasma samples were obtained from the goats under the following conditions: (1)Normal control plasma was obtained from the goats at sea level to aserve as the control (CP). (2)Hypoxic plasma was obtained after the goats were exposed to a simulated altitude of 4 000 m for 24 h (HP). (3) Hypotensive hypoxic plasma was obtained after the goats were bled to a mean arterial pressure of 5. 5±0. 3 kpa for 1 h under hypoxic condition (HHP). (4) Retransfused hypoxic plasma was obtained when the hypotensive goats were transfused with the shed blood for 4 h under hypoxic condition (RHP). It was found that HP , HHP and RHP especially RHP exerted profound effects on the activities of PMNs and PAECs in a concentration and time dependent manner after the PMNs and PAECs were incubated in the media containing different concentrations of the 4 kinds of plasma for different durations. Low concentration of RHP (less than 12. 5%) significantly increased the activity of PAECs (P<0. 01 vs CP) but its high concentration (more than 12. 5%) markedly decreased their activity (P<0. 01 vs CP, HP and HHP). HP, HHP and RHP increased the activity of PAECs in the early stage of incubation (1 to 3 h) (P<0. 01 vs CP) but decreased it in the late stage (6 to 12 h) (P<0. 01 vs CP). The activity of PMNs was significantly increased after 1 h incubation with HP, HHP and RHP (PM0. 001) and this effect was also concentrationdependent.The effects of RHP was the most potent, HHP the next and HP the least. The deformability of PMNs was significantly decreased (P <0. 001) after they were incubated in RHP for 3 h. The adhesive force of PMNs and PAECs was also significantly increased after 12 h incubation with RHP. These findings suggest that there are substances in the hypoxic plasma to activate or damage the interactions between PMNs and PAECs and the amounts of the substances are further increased in hypotensive hypoxic plasma and retransfused hypoxic plasma and the 'activation-damage'to PMNs and PAECs and the subsequent interactions between PMNs and PAECs play an important role in the pathological changes of hypoxia and hemorrhagic shock.

The effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats

Objective:To study the influence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)transplantation on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension(HPH)in rats.Methods:MSCs in SD rats were separated,cultivated,identified in vitro,and labeled by the green fluorescence protein(GFP)adenovirus.Healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal control group(NC group)and HPH group,with eight rats in each group respectively;HPH+mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group(MSCs group)and HPH+vascular endothelial growth factor+mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group(VEGF+MSCs group),with twenty-four rats in each group respectively.In this experiment,intermittent normobaric hypoxia was employed to establish the pulmonary hypertension rat models,with stem cells transfected and transplanted.The mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP)was observed in rats to calculate the right ventricular hypertrophy index(RVHI);the morphological changes of pulmonary arterioles in each group of rats were observed under the microscope;the distribution and manifestation of MSCs fluorescently labeled by adenovirus transfection were observed in pulmonary arterioles under the fluorescence microscope at the set time points of 7 d,14 d and 28 d after the transplantation of stem cells.Results:For NC group,the mPAP(mmHg)was 15.5±1.5 at 28 d,while the mPAP in HPH,MSCs and VEGF+MSCs groups were 26.1±1.9,21.6±2.7 and 20.1±2.9 respectively which were apparently higher than that in NC group(p<.01).Compared with HPH group(p<.01),the mPAP was obviously decreased in MSCs and VEGF+MSCs groups.There was no significant difference between MSCs and VEGF+MSCs groups.At 28 d,RVHI for NC group was 0.28±0.02,while the RVHI in HPH,MSCs and VEGF+MSCs groups were 0.43±0.07,0.34±0.03 and 0.35±0.01 respectively which were apparently higher than that in NC group(p<.01).In comparison with HPH group,RVHI was significantly decreased in MSCs and VEGF+MSCs groups(p<.05).There was no significant difference between MSCs and VEGF+MSCs groups.For HPH group,at 28 d,pulmonary arterioles were apparently thickened,with luminal stenosis&obliteration and incomplete endothelial cells.Compared with HPH group,pulmonary arterioles in MSCs group became thinning,with the lumen unobstructed and the integrity of endothelial cells improved.The changes in the manifestation of MSCs and VEGF+MSCs groups were not significant.Conclusions:The transplantation of MSCs can improve the remodeling of pulmonary arterioles to partially reverse the progress of HPH;the combined transplantation of VEGF and MSCs doesn’t improve the effect of MSC transplantation.

硝化应激在肺动脉高压中的研究进展

肺动脉高压(pulmonary hypertension,PH)是一种进行性发展的肺血管疾病,病理基础包括内皮功能障碍、平滑肌细胞异常增生、炎症浸润以及肺纤维化。PH的发生机制尚不完全清楚,但硝化应激已经证实在PH中发挥了重要作用。该文综述了活性氮(reactive nitrogen species,RNS)的种类及肺循环中RNS的来源,以及由此引发的硝化应激在PH发生发展中的作用,以期为靶向抗硝化治疗的临床应用提供参考依据。

卡巴胆碱对失血性休克大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞功能的影响

目的 观察大鼠失血性休克时卡巴胆碱对肺微血管内皮细胞的作用。方法 将30只健康雄性SD大鼠(SPF级)按每组10只随机分为假休克组(SS组)、失血性休克组(HS组)、失血性休克+卡巴胆碱组(CBL组)。失血性休克动物模型按照Wiggers改良法制作,各组模型制备完毕后6 h,经右侧股动脉采血,检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,取右肺下叶肺组织检测Src抑制的蛋白激酶C的底物(SSeCKS)、E-选择素蛋白质水平,取右肺下叶行透射电镜检查肺微血管内皮细胞超微结构。结果 SS组表达少量的TNF-α、SSeCKS、E-选择素,HS组和CBL组表达升高(P<0.05),与HS组相比,CBL组表达降低(P<0.05)。SS组肺微血管内皮细胞细胞膜表面光滑,细胞膜、细胞质、细胞核形态结构正常;HS组肺微血管内皮细胞出现细胞水肿、坏死和凋亡表现(细胞膜表面皱折、细胞膜表面凹凸不平、细胞器水肿、异染色质染色加深边集等);CBL组较SS组,细胞有所损伤,但好于HS组。结论 大鼠失血性休克时卡巴胆碱对肺微血管内皮细胞具有保护作用,也可通过抑制炎症细胞合成和释放炎症介质减轻对血管内皮细胞的损伤。

温石棉对内皮细胞Wnt5a、p16和p21表达的影响

目的探讨温石棉对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)的影响。方法实验组以50、100、200 mg/L温石棉纤维液刺激HUVECs 24、48、72 h,对照组仅加RPMI 1640培养基培养细胞,观察细胞形态变化,β-半乳糖苷酶法分析细胞衰老情况,四甲基偶氮唑蓝法检测细胞存活率。采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测细胞中Wnt5a、p16和p21 mRNA的表达情况。结果实验组HUVECs多呈梭形,部分呈圆形或不规则形,出现裸核及空泡现象,可见死亡细胞。随温石棉质量浓度及暴露时间的增加,细胞活性逐渐降低,衰老细胞逐渐增多。100 mg/L温石棉处理HUVECs 24 h时,细胞生长较活跃。与对照组相比,实验组Wnt5a、p16和p21 mRNA表达水平均增高(P<0.05)。结论温石棉可促进HUVECs衰老,Wnt5a、p16和p21参与此过程。

靶向肺血管内皮功能障碍治疗肺动脉高压的研究进展

肺动脉高压(pulmonary hypertension, PH)是一种进行性、致命性疾病,肺动脉内皮细胞(pulmonary arterial endothelial cells, PAECs)功能障碍是其重要的致病因素之一。PAECs是单层扁平上皮细胞,在维持肺血管稳态调控中发挥重要作用。研究发现,在PH发生的早期,PAECs出现损伤及凋亡的现象,而在PH发展的晚期,PAECs则呈现抗凋亡的特征。缺氧、炎症因子诱导的PAECs向间充质细胞的转化,也参与了PH的发病过程。PAECs的癌样代谢和线粒体功能障碍、骨形态发生蛋白受体2突变、表观遗传学改变和炎症,是导致PH患者肺血管内皮功能障碍的主要发病机制。新的靶向PAECs功能障碍的治疗措施,有望在未来治疗PH中发挥重要作用。

中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网通过激活NLRP3炎症小体诱导人肺微血管内皮细胞焦亡

目的探讨中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网作用于肺微血管内皮细胞并诱发内皮细胞死亡的具体机制。方法以200 ng/mL的体外分离的中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网刺激人肺微血管内皮细胞,碘化丙锭染色法检测细胞死亡情况,蛋白质印迹法和免疫荧光法检测焦亡标记物。结果与对照组相比,中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网刺激后的肺微血管内皮细胞死亡加剧,NLRP3炎症小体和焦亡相关标记物GSDMD、N-GSDMD表达明显升高,NLRP3抑制剂MCC950预处理可有效减弱NLRP3的激活,抑制细胞焦亡的发生。结论中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网可通过激活NLRP3炎症小体诱发人肺微血管内皮细胞焦亡。

RASAL1在同型半胱氨酸致肺血管内皮通透性增加中的作用及机制研究

目的探讨同型半胱氨酸(homocystein,Hcy)对肺微血管内皮细胞(pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells,PMVECs)通透性的影响及Ras蛋白样激活剂(Ras protein activator like,RASAL1)的作用及机制。方法CBS^(+/-)小鼠喂养高蛋氨酸饮食(HMD)16周复制高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)动物模型;HE染色观察肺组织结构变化;qRT-PCR检测肺组织RASAL1、DNMT1 mRNA水平;Western blot检测RASAL1、DNMT1、ZO-1、VE-cadherin蛋白表达;MS-PCR检测RASAL1启动子区甲基化;PMVECs转染Ad-RASAL1检测ZO-1和VE-cadherin表达;si-DNMT1干扰片段转染PMVECs,检测RASAL1表达。结果HMD小鼠血清Hcy水平明显增加,HE染色显示肺组织结构严重紊乱,RASAL1、ZO-1、VE-cadherin表达降低而DNMT1表达增加,RASAL1启动子区甲基化程度增加。PMVECs转染Ad-RASAL1后ZO-1和VE-cadherin表达增加;敲低DNMT1后,RASAL1表达增加。结论Hcy可以导致PMVECs通透性增加,其机制与上调RASAL1甲基化水平有关。

GW501516对低氧致肺动脉内皮细胞损伤的影响及机制

目的探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体δ(PPARδ)激动剂GW501516对低氧诱导的肺动脉内皮细胞(PAECs)损伤的影响及机制。方法通过检测PAECs的相对存活率,观察GW501516的细胞毒性作用;采用Western blot法检测PPARδ蛋白的表达水平。建立低氧条件下PAECs损伤的细胞模型,以抗氧化剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)为阳性对照,通过检测细胞凋亡率、细胞活力、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、活性氧(ROS)水平,考察GW501516对细胞损伤及ROS产生的影响。以核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)激活剂富马酸二甲酯(DMF)为阳性对照,在低氧条件下通过GW501516和(或)Nrf2抑制剂ML385孵育PAECs,以细胞损伤(细胞凋亡、细胞活力、LDH活性)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)、ROS水平及Nrf2、血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)、裂解型胱天蛋白酶3(C-caspase-3)蛋白的表达水平,探讨GW501516对低氧致PAECs损伤的作用机制。结果低氧刺激能够抑制PAECs内PPARδ蛋白的表达(P<0.05),而GW501516可在低氧条件下促进PPARδ蛋白的表达且无明显的细胞毒性作用。GW501516可抑制PAECs凋亡,提高细胞活力,降低LDH活性及ROS水平。GW501516可通过激活Nrf2通路,上调PAECs内HO-1蛋白表达水平及SOD、GPx、CAT水平,降低MDA、ROS水平(P<0.05),而Nrf2抑制剂ML385能够逆转GW501516的上述作用(P<0.05)。GW501516下调C-caspase-3蛋白表达,抑制低氧诱导的PAECs损伤的作用与Nrf2激活剂DMF相似(P<0.05),而Nrf2抑制剂ML385能够逆转GW501516抑制PAECs损伤的作用(P<0.05)。结论GW501516可通过抑制氧化应激来减轻低氧诱导的PAECs损伤,其机制与激活Nrf2有关。

黄连及其提取物防治肺部感染的研究进展

肺部感染已成为威胁人类健康的重大疾病,给数百万患者的身体健康造成严重威胁。黄连是典型清热药,主要活性成分包括黄连素(小檗碱)、黄连碱等,具有强效清热燥湿作用,可通过多种途径防治肺部感染。黄连及其提取物对肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、流感病毒、冠状病毒等多种肺部感染病原菌具有抗菌活性。黄连及其提取物还可增强抗生素的抗菌活性。黄连及其提取物可通过抑制多种炎症因子释放、阻止核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)激活、抑制NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3, NLRP3)炎症小体活化、调节T细胞免疫反应、降低粘附分子的释放、抑制磷脂酶A2(Phospholipase A2,PLA2)的释放,降低病原菌引发的炎症反应。黄连及其提取物能降低肺部血管内皮损伤,抑制新血管形成,阻止肺纤维化,以降低肺部损伤。本研究通过文献整理,对黄连及其提取物防治肺部感染的作用机制进行了综述。

丹参酮ⅡA对脓毒症肺微血管内皮细胞损伤的保护作用

目的探寻丹参酮ⅡA对脓毒症肺血管内皮细胞损伤的保护作用。方法采用盲肠结扎穿孔术构建脓毒症肺损伤小鼠模型,分为6组:假手术组、模型组、丹参酮1组(10 mg/kg)、丹参酮2组(30 mg/kg)、丹参酮3组(50 mg/kg)、丹参酮4组(100 mg/kg)。药物干预24 h后检测肺组织病理变化、肺微血管通透性、肺组织湿/干重比、白细胞计数以及炎症因子等各项指标,假手术组仅行盲肠探查术。结果丹参酮各组较模型组小鼠肺组织损伤及评分均减轻(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,丹参酮各组小鼠肺组织Evans Blue含量、肺组织湿/干比明显降低(P<0.05),BALF白细胞计数、蛋白含量、炎症因子明显减少(均P<0.05),且呈剂量依赖性,其中丹参酮2组、丹参酮3组和丹参酮4组之间,肺组织病理损伤、Evans Blue含量、肺组织湿/干比以及肺泡灌洗液中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)表达水平差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论丹参酮ⅡA能够剂量依赖性地降低脓毒症所致的肺微血管内皮细胞损伤,从而改善肺损伤;30 mg/kg剂量的丹参酮ⅡA即可达到最佳效果。

间充质干细胞对肺内皮细胞的保护作用及机制

急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)是临床上常见的严重的呼吸衰竭,死亡率高达40%。毛细血管内皮细胞通透性增加和肺水肿是ARDS的重要特征,修复肺微血管内皮屏障是阻止液体和蛋白质进入肺间质和肺泡腔的关键。动物实验和临床试验中发现,间充质干细胞移植可明显改善ARDS,减少炎症反应,降低内皮通透性。静脉移植的间充质干细胞可直接接触内皮细胞,在肺内皮损伤治疗方面可能有独特的优势,其主要通过旁分泌和免疫调节起作用。以往综述大多聚焦间充质干细胞对肺泡上皮的保护作用,本文聚焦肺内皮细胞,综述了间充质干细胞通过旁分泌细胞因子、细胞外囊泡等对内皮的直接保护作用和机制,并分析了间充质干细胞可能通过调节免疫细胞间接保护肺内皮细胞的机制。

红景天苷调控NF-κB、Bcl-2信号通路对烟雾暴露大鼠氧化应激及肺血管内皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的探究红景天苷(SDS)通过调控B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)、核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路对烟雾暴露大鼠氧化应激及肺血管内皮细胞凋亡的机制。方法选取60只大鼠分为对照组、模型组、SDS 10 mg/kg、SDS 40 mg/kg、SDS 70 mg/kg、醋酸泼尼松(PNS)组,每组10只,除对照组外,其余均建立烟雾致肺损伤模型,对照组与模型组大鼠每日采用等量生理盐水灌胃;SDS高、中、低剂量组分别按70、40、10 mg/kg剂量给予SDS混悬液2 mL灌胃;PNS组给予PNS混悬液3.6 mg/kg灌胃,均每日1次,连续21 d。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠血清中丙二醛(MDA)、Bcl-2相关X因子(Bax)、NF-κB、p-NF-κB及细胞凋亡升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、Bcl-2降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,SDS各剂量组MDA、Bax、NF-κB、p-NF-κB及细胞凋亡均有所降低,SOD、Bcl-2也有所升高(P<0.05),且模型组与SDS 10 mg/kg组比较无明显差异(P>0.05),SDS 40 mg/kg组与PNS组比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。对照组大鼠肺组织良好;模型组肺损伤严重;药物干预后各组肺损伤均减轻。结论SDS可改善烟雾暴露大鼠肺损伤、氧化应激及血管内皮细胞凋亡,其机制可能与调控Bax/Bcl-2及NF-κB相关。

支气管肺发育不良模型小鼠肺周细胞变化及对肺血管内皮细胞成管的影响

背景:肺周细胞位于肺血管连接凹陷处,与肺血管的形成和稳定有着密切关系。然而,在支气管肺发育不良发病过程中肺周细胞如何影响肺血管内皮细胞活动的研究较少。目的:分析支气管肺发育不良不同时期肺周细胞亚群与内皮细胞间数目变化关系,探讨血小板源性生长因子受体β、蛋白聚糖NG2、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白三阳性(PDGFR-β^(+)NG2^(+)α-SMA^(+))肺周细胞对肺血管内皮细胞早期成管活动的影响。方法:①动物实验:取新生C57BL/6小鼠12只,于出生24 h内采用随机数字表法分为常氧组及高氧组,每组6只,高氧组小鼠暴露于体积分数85%O_(2)环境下喂养,建立支气管肺发育不良动物模型;常氧组小鼠置于同一室内空气中喂养。出生后7,14 d取小鼠肺组织,苏木精-伊红染色观察肺组织病理改变,流式细胞术检测肺周细胞3种亚群与血管内皮细胞数量。②细胞实验:将小鼠第3代PDGFR-β^(+)NG2^(+)α-SMA^(+)肺周细胞与小鼠肺血管内皮细胞共培养(实验组),细胞比例为1∶4,以单独培养的小鼠肺血管内皮细胞为对照组。培养15 h后,分析两组血管内皮细胞成管差异。结果与结论:①动物实验:苏木精-伊红染色显示,7 d时,常氧组小鼠肺组织结构规则,存在明显肺泡结构,大小均匀;高氧组小鼠肺组织肺泡数量较少,肺泡形态不规则。14 d时,常氧组小鼠肺泡逐渐发育成熟,肺泡结构逐步规整,大小均匀,肺泡密度逐渐增加;高氧组小鼠肺组织结构相对紊乱,肺泡形成滞后体积逐渐增大,肺泡结构简单化。流式细胞术检测显示,与常氧组相比,高氧组7,14 d肺组织中的PDGFR-β^(+)NG2-α-SMA^(+)和PDGFR-β^(+)NG2^(+)α-SMA^(+)肺周细胞数量增加(P<0.01),PDGFR-β^(+)NG2^(+)α-SMA-肺周细胞与肺血管内皮细胞数量减少(P<0.01,P<0.05)。②细胞实验:对照组肺血管内皮细胞排列成条索状向四周延伸,部分区域中形成类似管腔样结构;实验组未观察到PDGFR-β^(+)NG2^(+)α-SMA^(+)肺周细胞及其伪足,肺血管内皮细胞形成的不规则网格状结构较对照组明显减少,内皮细胞以团块样聚集为主。③结果表明:支气管肺发育不良小鼠肺组织以α-SMA^(+)周细胞亚群为主,PDGFR-β^(+)NG2^(+)α-SMA^(+)肺周细胞则能直接抑制肺血管内皮细胞成管活动,可能参与了支气管肺发育不良发生过程中肺微血管发育异常的过程。

CXCR1、ESM-1及IGFBP-2与COPD合并肺部感染患者疾病严重程度、预后的关系

目的 分析血清趋化因子受体1(CXCR1)、内皮细胞特异性分子-1(ESM-1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白2(IGFBP-2)水平与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并肺部感染患者疾病严重程度、预后的关系。方法 选取2021年1月至2023年1月于阜阳市人民医院就诊的COPD患者325例,根据肺部感染情况分为感染组及未感染组。比较两组入院时的血清CXCR1、ESM-1、IGFBP-2水平及常规感染指标[C-反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)]水平,采用Pearson相关分析感染组上述指标的关系。比较不同病情严重程度COPD合并肺部感染患者入院时的CXCR1、ESM-1、IGFBP-2水平。对感染组患者跟踪随访6个月或死亡止,根据预后情况分为存活亚组及死亡亚组,比较两亚组患者入院时的血清CXCR1、ESM-1、IGFBP-2水平;采用受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析上述指标对COPD合并肺部感染患者死亡的预测价值。结果 325例COPD患者包括感染组109例及未感染组216例。感染组患者入院时的血清CXCR1、ESM-1、IGFBP-2、CRP、PCT水平高于未感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同病情严重程度COPD合并肺部感染患者入院时的血清CXCR1、ESM-1、IGFBP-2水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,感染组入院时的血清CRP水平与CXCR1、ESM-1水平呈正相关(P<0.05)。随访期间感染组死亡19例(17.43%),存活90例(82.57%),死亡亚组入院时的血清CXCR1、ESM-1、IGFBP-2水平高于存活亚组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC结果显示,血清CXCR1、IGFBP-2水平预测COPD合并肺部感染患者死亡具有一定局限性(AUC=0.636、0.769),ESM-1的预测效能较好(AUC=0.827),CXCR1+ESM-1+IGFBP-2三项联合诊断的预测效能最佳(AUC=0.904)。结论 血清CXCR1、ESM-1、IGFBP-2水平在COPD合并肺部感染患者的疾病严重程度及预后评估方面具有一定指导意义。

血清ESM-1、sST2对类风湿关节炎合并肺间质纤维化的诊断价值

目的探讨血清内皮细胞特异分子1(ESM-1)、可溶性生长刺激表达基因2蛋白(sST2)对类风湿关节炎(RA)合并肺间质纤维化(PF)的诊断价值。方法收集2022年7月至2023年7月在该院接受治疗的RA患者107例作为研究组,并根据是否合并PF分为单纯RA组(42例)和RA合并PF组(65例)。另选取同期在该院进行体检的90例健康者作为对照组。收集所有研究对象的一般资料;采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测所有研究对象血清ESM-1、sST2水平;采用Pearson相关分析血清ESM-1、sST2水平与RA相关指标的相关性;采用多因素Logistic回归分析RA合并PF的影响因素;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估血清ESM-1、sST2对RA合并PF的诊断价值。结果与对照组相比,研究组患者血清ESM-1、sST2、类风湿因子(RF)、抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体水平均明显升高(P<0.05)。血清ESM-1、sST2水平与RF、抗CCP抗体呈正相关(P<0.05)。与单纯RA组相比,RA合并PF组红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、二氧化碳分压、氧分压水平升高(P<0.05)。与单纯RA组比较,RA合并PF组血清ESM-1、sST2、RF、抗CCP抗体水平均明显升高(P<0.05)。血清ESM-1、sST2、RF水平升高是RA患者合并PF的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。血清ESM-1、sST2单独及联合诊断RA合并PF的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.865、0.849、0.946,二者联合诊断的AUC大于单独诊断(P<0.05)。结论RA合并PF患者血清ESM-1、sST2水平升高,二者联合对RA合并PF具有较好的诊断价值。