Establishment of Surfactant-associated Protein A Suicide Gene System and Analysis of Its Activity

Summary： Alveolar epithelial type II （AT II） cells are essential for lung development and remodeling, as they are precursors for type I cells and also produce other non-repair cells （fibroblasts）. Progenitor ceils are believed to possess capability of multi-potent transdifferentiation, which is closely related to the niche, suggesting the importance of establishment of a lung progenitor cell niche model. We hypothesized that pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A （SPA） suicide gene system would cause AT II cell to kill itself through apoptosis and leave its niche. In vitro, the recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors-SPA-thymidine kinase （rAAV-SPA-TK） system was established to get targeted apoptotic AT II cells. The apoptosis of AT II cells was detected by using MTT. The results showed that cloned SPA gene promoter had specific transcriptional activity in SPA high expression cells, and SPA high expression cells （H441） transfected with TK gene had higher sensitivity to ganciclovir （GCV） than SPA low expression cells （A549）. In vivo, increased apoptosis of AT II cells induced by GCV in rAAV-SPA-TK system was observed by TUNEL. Finally, the successful packaging and application of rAAV-SPA-TK system provide experimental basis to get specific lung progenitor cell （AT II） niche in vitro and in vivo.

Surfactant Protein B 1580 Polymorphism Is Associated with Susceptibility to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Chinese Han Population

Summary: Whether surfactant protein B (SP-B)-18A/C and 1580C/T polymorphism were associated with susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Chinese Han population was investigated. After genomic DNA was isolated from blood of COPD smokers and control smokers, the genotypes of SP-B-18A/C and SP-B1580C/T polymorphism loci were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) respectively. The results showed that there was significant difference in genotypes distribution frequency of SP-B1580C/T polymorphism locus between COPD smokers and control smokers. C→T mutation rate (including TT homozygote and CT heterozygote) in COPD smokers was higher than in control smokers (57.9 % vs 41.7 %, χ2=4.93, P<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in genotypes distribution frequency of SP-B1580-18A/C locus between COPD smokers and control smokers. The allele frequency (29.1 %) of SP-B1580-18A/C locus is lower than T allele (70.9 %) in Chinese Han Population, and the distribution was different from that in Mexican, in which, the A and T allele frequencies were 85 % and 15 % respectively. It was concluded that SP-B1580 T allele was probably associated with increased susceptibility to COPD in Chinese Han population; The polymorphism of SP-B-18A/C locus maybe varied with race.

Surfactant Protein A Polymorphism Is Associated with Susceptibility to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Chinese Uighur Population

This study investigatedexamined the correlation between surfactant protein-A (SP-A) polymorphism and the susceptibility of cvhronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Xinjiang Uighurs. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 194 COPD smokers and 201 healthy smokers of Uighur who were hospitalized in or paid a visit to one of the four Xingjiang-based hospi-tals involved in the study, betweenfrom March 2009 to December 2010. Single nucleotide polymor-phisms (SNPs) were studied on A/G atwithin amino acid aa62 (CCA/CCG rs1136451) and C/T within aa219 (CGG/TGG, rs4253527) in SP-A. Genotypes were determined by using the TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Our results showed that genotype frequencies were different be-tween the COPD and normal smokers infor aa62 (χx2=6.852, P=0.033). There were also significant differences in allele genotype frequencies between the COPD and the control and allele G might de-crease the risk COPD (χx2=6.545, P=0.011; OR=0.663; 95% CI: 0.484–0.909). The result suggested We were led to conclude that polymorphism of aa62 (CCA/CCG, rs1136451) of SP-A may be asso-ciated with the susceptibility to COPD in Xingjiang Uighurs.

Discordantly Elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Depressed C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Values in Early Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Background: ESR and CRP measurements reflect different aspects of systemic inflammation. Generally, they are either elevated or depressed at the same time. This study was aimed at evaluating the clinical ability of these markers in the early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 (male 39, female 21) patients who tested positive to Acid Alcohol Fast Bacilli (AAFB) were studied. ESR and CRP values were estimated using standard procedures. Results: The mean ESR value among the AAFB positive patients was 53.16 ± 4.92 mm/hr while the CRP value was 0.273 ± 0.035 mg/L. Gender and age were not found to have any influence on the ESR and CRP values. No relationship was found to exist between ESR and CRP (r = 0.17;p = 0.235) and age (r = 0.125;p = 0.388). Conclusion: A moderately elevated ESR and low CRP values exist at the early diagnosis of tuberculosis. There is no correlation between ESR and CRP at the onset of tuberculosis;hence CRP cannot be used as a screening tool for early diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Expression of Heat Stress Protein 70 mRNA in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Its Significance

The effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the expression of heat stress protein 70 (Hsp70) in human bronchi smooth muscle cells were investigated in vitro, and the changes in Hsp70 mRNA in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their significance were explored. Human bronchi smooth muscle cells were cultured with CSE at the different concentrations. The expression of Hsp70 mRNA and Hsp70 was detected by reverse translation-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting respectively. Levels of Hsp70 mRNA and Hsp70 in lymphocytes from 20 patients with COPD and 20 healthy smoking control subjects were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The results showed the expression of both Hsp70 mRNA and Hsp70 was decreased conformably in human bronchi smooth muscle cells treated with CSE at certain concentration in vitro. The A values of the Hsp70 mRNA expression were 0.24±0.11 and 0.42±0.13 respectively in COPD patients and healthy smoking controls with the difference being significant (P<0.01). There was also significant difference in the A values of the Hsp70 expression between COPD patients and healthy smoking controls (20.9±9.9 vs 44.8±15.3, P<0.01). The levels of Hsp70 mRNA had strongly positive correlation with Hsp70 protein (r = 0.85, P<0 01). It was suggested that the expression of Hsp70 mRNA was in concordance with the expression of Hsp70, which could provide a basis on the study of Hsp70 gene regulation and Hsp70 gene in the development of COPD.

Expression of Peroxiredoxins and Pulmonary Surfactant Protein A Induced by Silica in Rat Lung Tissue

Silicosis is one of the most serious occupational diseases in China and dates back to centuries ago. In this study, we successfully established a rat model of silicosis by intratracheal silica injection for 28 days and determined hydroxyproline levels to evaluate collagen metabolism in lung homogenates. Oxidative stress status was evaluated by detecting catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities.

Forkhead box protein A2 and T helper type 2-mediated pulmonary inflammation

The transcription factor forkhead box protein A2(FOXA2, also known as hepatocyte nuclear factor 3β or transcription factor 3β), has been found to play pivotal roles in multiple phases of mammalian life, from the early development to the organofaction, and subsequently in homeostasis and metabolism in the adult. In the embryonic development period, FOXA2 is require d for the formation of the primitive node and notochord, and its absence results in embryonic lethality. Moreover, FOXA2 plays an important role not only in lung development, but also in T helper type 2(Th2)-mediated pulmonary inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia. In this article, the role of FOXA2 in lung development and Th2-mediated pulmonary inflammation, as well as in goblet cell hyperplasia, is reviewed. FOXA2 deletion in airway epithelium results into Th2-mediated pulmonary inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia in developing lung. Leukotriene pathway and signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 pathway may mediate this inflammation through recruitment and activation of denditric cell during lung developments. FOXA2 is a potential treatment target for lung diseases with Th2 inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

C-Reactive Protein as a Triage Test in Guiding Who Should Get a Confirmatory Test for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Diagnosis among Adults: A Case-Control Proof-of-Concept Study from Urban Tanzania

Background: The current screening tools for tuberculosis (TB) are inadequate resulting in insufficient TB case detection and continued community transmission of TB. As the world is geared into finding missing TB cases, new strategies are called for to aid in rapid identification of TB cases. This study aimed to evaluate the role C-reactive protein (CRP) in triaging patients to get a definitive test for active pulmonary TB diagnosis in urban Tanzania. Methods: A case-control study was conducted among pulmonary TB (PTB) patients and contacts without active PTB. The diagnosis of PTB was performed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and culture. Blood was collected from cases and controls for measuring CRP levels during recruitment. We compared socio-demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory parameters obtained during recruitment and performed diagnostic accuracy analyses for CRP. Results: Out of all 193 study participants who were involved in final analysis, 147 (76.2%) were males. Pulmonary TB cases had significantly lower median BMI than controls (median 17.4 kg/m2 [IQR: 15.8 - 19.2 kg/m2] vs., 24.9 kg/m2 [IQR: 22.1 - 28.5 kg/m2), p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in prevalence of HIV between PTB cases and controls i.e., 13.33% vs., 11.7%, p = 0.48. CRP was significantly higher in PTB cases vs., controls (median 67.8 mg/L, [IQR: 36.5 - 116.9 mg/L] vs., 1.55 mg/L, [IQR: 0.59 - 6.0 mg/L], p = 0.003). Furthermore, CRP at cut-off ≥10 mg/L was associated with best combination of sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of 89.9%, 95% CI: 82.2 - 95.0, 80.9%, CI: 71.4 - 88.2 and 0.85, 95% CI: 0.80 - 0.90 respectively. A multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for fever, night sweats and body mass index showed that CRP above 10 mg/L was significantly associated with PTB, aOR 5.2, 95% CI 1.2 - 22.8. Conclusions: CRP at cut-off ≥10 mg/L can be used to screen pulmonary TB. These findings can be used to improve TB screening algorithm by incorporating CRP in combination with TB symptoms to identify patients who need further confirmatory TB tests. However, additional prospective studies are required to support our findings and contribute into policy recommendations on use of CRP in a screening algorithm for pulmonary TB.

Effects of Huang Qi Wu Wu Decoction on Plasma Proteins in 70 Cases of Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease

Simple immune agar diffusion test was used to assay the contents of 12 plasma proteins in 70 cases of chronic pulmonary heart disease treated by Huang Qi Wu Wu Decoction (黄芪五物汤), with the other 70 cases who were not given Huang Qi Wu Wu Decoction as the control group. The total clinical effective rate in the treatment group was 90.0%, while that in the control group was 75.7%, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). In the treatment group, the levels of prealbumin, transferrin and fibronectin elevated obviously after treatment, and the contents of C-reactive protein, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, a 1-antitrypsin and a 1-acid glycoprotein decreased markedly (P<0.01). In the control group, only the levels of ceruloplasmin and C-reactive protein decreased significantly (P<0.05). It is shown that Huang Qi Wu Wu Decoction may enhance the therapeutic effects for pulmonary heart disease, regulate the metabolism of plasma proteins, and improve the life quality of the patients.

Diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein for bacterial infections in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis

Objective:The clinical diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein(CRP)for bacterial infections in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)is still controversial.This study evaluated its accuracy through Meta-analysis.Methods:Studies on the diagnostic value of CRP for bacterial infections in AECOPD were searched form Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane library,EMBASE,WANFANG DATA,CNKI and China Biology Medicine disc.The included studies were evaluated according to QUADAS-2 assessment tool.Stata 12.0 software was used for meta analyses to summarize the sensitivity and the specificity of the included studies,and the heterogeneity test was conducted.The symmetric receiver operating characteristic curves(SROC)was drawn and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated,and the funnel plot was drawn to determine publication bias.Results:664 studies were initially identified,20 of which met the inclusion criteria(9 in English and 11 in Chinese).Meta-analysis results showed that the summary sensitivity and specificity of CRP in diagnosing bacterial infections in AECOPD were 0.84,95%CI(0.77-0.90)and 0.76,95%CI(0.67-0.82),respectively.The AUC of SROC was 0.87,95%CI(0.83-0.89).Conclusion:CRP has high accuracy,sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing AECOPD bacterial infections from non-bacterial infection.

Correlation of neonatal pulmonary surfactant protein A gene polymorphism with pneumonia susceptibility and inflammatory response

Objective:To study the correlation of neonatal pulmonary surfactant protein A gene polymorphism with pneumonia susceptibility and inflammatory response.Methods:Neonates who were born and diagnosed with pneumonia in Zigong Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital between September 2015 and February 2017 were selected as pneumonia group, and neonates without infection were selected as control group. SP-A gene rs1059054 and rs1136454 loci polymorphism, the contents of inflammatory cytokines in serum as well as the expression of inflammatory transcription factors in peripheral blood were determined.Results:The constituent ratio of rs1059054 loci CC genotype of pneumonia group was significantly higher than that of control group while the constituent ratio of CT and TT genotypes were significantly lower than those of control group;the constituent ratio of rs1136454 loci AA genotype was significantly lower than that of control group while the constituent ratio of AG and GG genotypes were significantly higher than those of control group. PCT, sTREM1, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in serum as well as RORγt mRNA expression in peripheral blood of pneumonia children with SP-A gene rs1059054 loci CC genotype were significantly higher than those of pneumonia children with CT genotype and TT genotype while SOCS1 and Foxp3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood were significantly lower than those of pneumonia children with CT genotype and TT genotype;PCT, sTREM1, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in serum as well as RORγt mRNA expression in peripheral blood of pneumonia children with SP-A gene rs1136454 loci AA genotype were significantly lower than those of pneumonia children with AG genotype and GG genotype while SOCS1 and Foxp3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood were significantly higher than those of pneumonia children with AG genotype and GG genotype.Conclusion: Neonatal SP-A gene rs1059054 loci CC genotype can increase the pneumonia susceptibility and aggravate inflammatory response, and rs1136454 loci AA genotype can decrease pneumonia susceptibility and relieve inflammatory response.

老年重症肺炎患者血清4-HNE、APC、sCD163预测预后不良的价值

目的探讨老年重症肺炎(SP)患者血清4-羟基壬烯醛(4-HNE)、活化蛋白C(APC)、可溶性血红蛋白清道夫受体163(sCD163)对预后不良的预测价值。方法选取2020年8月至2022年8月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的200例老年SP患者纳入SP组,另选取同期、同年龄段200例老年普通肺炎患者纳入普通肺炎组。比较两组患者和SP组不同预后患者的血清4-HNE、APC、sCD163水平,并采用Pearson法分析SP组患者血清4-HNE、APC、sCD163水平与肺部感染评分(CPIS评分)的相关性,采用Logistic回归分析老年SP患者死亡的影响因素,采用受试者工作特性曲线(ROC)分析各指标对预后情况的预测效能。结果SP组患者的血清4-HNE、sCD163水平分别为(21.27±4.02)mg/L、(154.27±56.34)pg/mL,明显高于普通肺炎组的(15.63±3.49)mg/L、(112.17±37.59)pg/mL,APC水平为(25.47±5.06)pmol/L,明显低于普通肺炎组的(30.12±6.14)pmol/L,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Pearson法分析结果显示,入院时SP患者的血清4-HNE、sCD163水平与CPIS评分呈正相关(r=0.754、0.723,P<0.05),APC水平与之呈负相关(r=-0.695,P<0.05);入院3 d、7 d后,死亡组患者的血清4-HNE分别为(23.89±6.12)mg/L、(26.01±8.27)mg/L,明显高于生存组的(19.03±4.11)mg/L、(17.25±3.56)mg/L,sCD163水平分别为(182.34±60.33)pg/mL、(219.46±70.41)pg/mL,明显高于生存组的(137.83±30.24)pg/mL、(120.74±25.17)pg/mL,APC水平分别为(23.04±4.89)pmol/L、(20.73±4.25)pmol/L,明显低于生存组的(27.42±4.09)pmol/L、(29.76±4.14)pmol/L,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,入院3 d、7 d后,血清4-HNE(>20.32 mg/L、>19.57 mg/L)、sCD163(>149.63 pg/mL、>146.90 pg/mL)是老年SP患者治疗28 d后死亡的危险因素,APC(>26.26 pmol/L、>27.37 pmol/L)是其保护因素(P<0.05);ROC分析结果显示,入院3 d后血清各指标水平联合预测死亡的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.910(95%CI:0.861~0.946),最佳预测敏感度、特异度分别为81.13%、86.39%,入院7 d后联合预测死亡的AUC为0.922(95%CI:0.876~0.955),最佳敏感度、特异度分别为90.57%、84.35%。结论血清4-HNE、APC、sCD163水平与老年SP发生、发展相关,各指标水平与CPIS评分均具有一定相关性,联合检测对老年SP患者预后情况具有一定预测价值,可作为临床评估肺部感染程度及预后的辅助指标。

NEU%、CRP及IL-6水平对白血病合并肺部感染的诊断价值探讨

目的:研究联合中性粒细胞百分比(Percentage of neutrophils,NEU%)、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)及白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)在白血病合并肺部感染中的诊断价值。方法:选取2019年1月到2023年1月在我院收治的81例白血病患者作为研究对象。根据感染标准分为未感染组(36例)和感染组(45例)。感染组患者进一步根据感染程度分级,分为轻度感染组(32例)与重度感染组(13例)。对比未感染组和感染组外周血中NEU%、CRP、IL-6水平;对比轻度感染组与重度感染组外周血中NEU%、CRP、IL-6水平;探讨NEU%、CRP、IL-6水平单独及联合检测对白血病合并感染的诊断效能。结果:对比两组外周血中NEU%、CRP、IL-6水平,感染组3个指标均高于未感染组(P<0.05)。轻度感染组中NEU%、CPR、IL-6指标水平均低于重度感染组(P<0.05)。NEU%特异度为50.31%,灵敏度为80.20%,准确度为69.83%,CRP特异度为50.00%,灵敏度为88.37%,准确度为75.69%,IL-6特异度为40.36%,灵敏度为92.32%,准确度为72.32%,三项联合特异度为67.32%,灵敏度为96.51%,准确度为86.62%(P<0.05)。结论:白血病合并肺部感染中联合NEU%、CRP及IL-6水平明显升高,且三者联合对白血病合并肺部感染诊断价值高。

利伐沙班联合阿替普酶治疗急性肺栓塞对患者凝血功能及GRP78 GRP94表达的影响

目的:观察利伐沙班联合阿替普酶对急性肺栓塞患者凝血功能及葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)、葡萄糖调节蛋白94(GRP94)表达的影响。方法:选取2021年1月至2022年12月我院收治的104例急性肺栓塞患者为对象,采用简单随机法分为两组。所有患者均给予绝对卧床、止痛、抗感染、吸氧等常规治疗,常规组(n=52)加用阿替普酶治疗,联合组(n=52)加用利伐沙班联合阿替普酶治疗。统计两组出血事件发生率。检测两组凝血功能、血栓弹力图及GRP78、GRP94、肺动脉压、血气指标的差异。结果:两组活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)及血栓弹力图中α角、反应时间(R)治疗后较治疗前升高,联合组治疗前后APTT、PT及血栓弹力图中R、α角差值大于常规组(P<0.05)。两组纤维蛋白原(Fib)、D-二聚体(D-D)治疗后较治疗前降低,联合组治疗前后Fib、D-D差值大于常规组(P<0.05);两组血栓弹力图中凝血时间(K)治疗前后比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组GRP78、GRP94治疗后较治疗前降低,联合组治疗前后GRP78、GRP94差值大于常规组(P<0.05)。两组动脉血氧分压(PaO 2)治疗后较治疗前升高,联合组治疗前后PaO 2差值大于常规组(P<0.05);两组动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO 2)治疗后较治疗前降低,联合组治疗前后PaCO 2差值大于常规组(P<0.05)。两组出血事件发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:利伐沙班联合阿替普酶治疗急性肺栓塞可降低GRP78、GRP94的表达,改善凝血功能和血气指标。

HMGB1介导细胞焦亡参与肺动脉高压小鼠肺血管重构的机制研究

目的探讨高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)介导细胞焦亡参与肺动脉高压(PAH)小鼠肺血管重构的机制。方法将40只SD小鼠分为对照组、PAH组、PAH+HMGB1中和抗体(HMGB1 Ab)组、PAH+焦亡抑制剂(NSA)组,除对照组外的其余3组均采用低氧处理建立PAH模型,PAH+HMGB1 Ab组和PAH+NSA组再分别给予HMGB1 Ab、NSA处理,结束后,检测各组小鼠平均肺动脉压(mPAP)、右心室肥厚指数(RVHI),苏木精-伊红染色观察各组小鼠肺组织病理学变化情况并计算肺动脉血管壁厚度百分比(WT)及肺动脉管壁面积百分比(WA)。酶联免疫吸附试验检测各组小鼠血清中白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-18水平。免疫组化染色观察各组小鼠肺组织中消皮素D(GSDMD)表达。实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白质免疫印迹检测各组小鼠肺组织中HMGB1及核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)、含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶-1(Caspase-1)、GSDMD表达。结果与对照组[(1.81±0.19)kPa、(0.27±0.03)]比较,PAH组小鼠mPAP和RVHI[(3.97±0.41)kPa、(0.41±0.04)]显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,PAH组肺动脉血管壁明显增厚,血管平滑肌细胞增殖肥大;PAH+HMGB1 Ab组和PAH+NSA组肺动脉血管壁增厚程度较PAH组明显减轻。PAH组小鼠WT和WA[(42.06±4.38)%、(50.56±5.24)%]显著高于对照组[(23.64±2.46)%、(25.12±2.63)%],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组[(23.56±2.48)pg/mL、(22.68±2.32)pg/mL]比较,PAH组小鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-18水平[(94.51±9.62)pg/mL、(58.21±5.97)pg/mL]显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与PAH组[(48.57±5.02)%]比较,PAH+HMGB1 Ab组和PAH+NSA组肺组织中GSDMD阳性率[(16.52±1.76)%、(14.62±1.59)%]显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PAH组小鼠肺组织中HMGB1、NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、GSDMD蛋白表达显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论HMGB1中和抗体能够抑制细胞焦亡从而降低PAH小鼠肺动脉压力,改善肺血管重构。

老年肺结核患者外周血中VPS33A水平表达与临床预后的相关性研究

目的检测空泡蛋白分类相关蛋白33A(vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A,VPS33A)在老年肺结核患者外周血中的表达情况,并探讨其与临床预后的相关性。方法收集麻城市人民医院2019年2月~2021年2月收治的95例老年肺结核患者为研究组,另外选取同期健康体检者90例为对照组。采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测外周血中VPS33A,Toll样受体2(TLR2)表达情况,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测外周血中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平。肺结核患者给予标准化抗结核方案治疗(2HRZE/4HR),治疗后随访12个月,根据患者预后将其分为预后良好组(n=58)和预后不良组(n=37),采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析VPS33A对患者预后不良的预测价值;Pearson法分析预后不良组血清VPS33A与IL-6,TLR2的相关性;Logistic回归分析老年肺结核患者预后不良的影响因素。结果与对照组比较,治疗前研究组外周血VPS33A(0.87±0.22vs1.02±0.23)水平明显降低,IL-6(22.13±5.36 pg/mlvs18.53±4.68pg/ml),TLR2(1.26±0.25vs0.99±0.21)水平明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(t=6.170,6.682,11.241,均P<0.05);与治疗前研究组比较,治疗后研究组外周血VPS33A(0.95±0.25)水平明显升高,IL-6(19.66±5.44 pg/ml),TLR2(1.11±0.2)水平明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(t-3.336,4.648,6.331,均P<0.05)。预后不良组外周血VPS33A水平(0.71±0.16)显著低于预后良好组(0.97±0.22);IL-6(26.41±7.16pg/ml),TLR2(1.35±0.26)水平显著高于预后良好组(19.40±4.21pg/ml,1.20±0.24),差异具有统计学意义(t=5.555,6.012,2.875,均P<0.05)。经Pearson法分析发现,治疗前外周血VPS33A分别与IL-6,TLR2水平呈负相关(r=-0.649,-0.634,均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示VPS33A,IL-6和TLR2预测老年肺结核预后的AUC分别为0.805,0.842和0.882,三者联合AUC为0.971,明显高于三者单独预测(Z=4.010,3.136,2.285,P=0.001,0.002,0.022);Logistic回归分析显示外周血VPS33A,IL-6和TLR2是老年肺结核患者预后不良的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论VPS33A在老年肺结核患者外周血中的表达下调,对老年肺结核患者预后有较好的预测价值,且是预后不良的影响因素。

转染miR-223模拟物的巨噬细胞结核分枝杆菌清除能力、凋亡、炎症反应变化及miR-223与NLRP3靶向关系

目的 观察肺结核患者血清微小RNA-223(miR-223)水平变化,以及转染miR-223模拟物的巨噬细胞结核分枝杆菌(MTB)H37Rv清除能力、凋亡、炎症反应变化,并分析miR-223与NLRP3靶向关系。方法 选取37例份活动性肺结核患者血清标本(肺结核组)和同期40例健康体检者血清标本(健康组),采用RT-PCR法检测两组血清标本中miR-223。体外培养人单核细胞株THP-1,经佛波脂刺激24 h后分化为巨噬细胞,将巨噬细胞随机分为健康组、MTB组、MTB+mimics-NC组、MTB+miR-223 mimics组,健康组细胞常规培养,MTB组、MTB+mimics-NC组、MTB+miR-223 mimics组均用MTB标准株H37Rv感染巨噬细胞,感染后MTB+mimics-NC组和MTB+miR-223 mimics组应用脂质体转染法分别将mimics-NC、miR-223 mimics转染至细胞中,采用RT-PCR法检测各组细胞miR-223及NLRP3、TNF-α、IFN-γ mRNA,流式细胞术测算各组细胞凋亡率,菌落形成单位(CFU)计数法检测各组H37Rv细菌负荷量。取对数生长期THP-1细胞,随机分为miR-223 mimics+NLRP3-WT组、mimics-NC+NLRP3-WT组、miR-223mimics+NLRP3-MUT组、mimics-NC+NLRP3-MUT组,用Lipofectamine 2000按照试剂盒说明书操作分别将miR-223mimics和NLRP3-WT、mimics-NC和NLRP3-WT、miR-223 mimics和NLRP3-MUT、mimics-NC和NLRP3-MUT共转染至各组细胞,转染后24 h检测各组细胞的相对荧光素酶活性,双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-223与NLRP3是否存在靶向关系。结果 与健康组比较,肺结核组血清miR-223表达降低(P<0.05)。与健康组比较,MTB组miR-223表达、细胞凋亡率降低,NLRP3、TNF-α、IFN-γ mRNA表达及H37Rv细菌负荷量升高(P均<0.05);与MTB+mimics-NC组比较,MTB+miR-223 mimics组miR-223表达、细胞凋亡率升高,NLRP3、TNF-α、IFN-γ mRNA表达及H37Rv细菌负荷量降低(P均<0.05)。双荧光素酶报告基因实验显示,NLRP3是miR-223的靶向基因。结论 肺结核患者血清miR-223表达降低,转染miR-223模拟物能够促进巨噬细胞凋亡,增强MTB感染的巨噬细胞的除菌能力,减轻炎症反应,其机制可能与靶向调控NLRP3有关。

血清ADAM15、GRP78联合CT肺动脉造影对急性肺栓塞的诊断价值

目的探究血清整合素金属蛋白酶15(ADAM15)、葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)联合CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)对急性肺栓塞(APE)的诊断价值。方法选取本院2021年6月至2023年6月收治的86例疑似APE患者,患者均行CTPA检查;根据病情严重程度将APE患者分为中高危组和低危组;酶联免疫吸附法检测ADAM15、GRP78水平;Pearson相关性分析血清ADAM15、GRP78与CTPA指标的相关性;中高危APE的影响因素采用多因素Logistic回归分析;绘制ROC曲线分析血清ADAM15、GRP78对中高危APE的诊断价值。结果86例患者经过CTPA检测出栓子702个,86例患者在不同肺动脉部位表现出充盈缺损等,病变部位主要位于双肺29例,左肺30例,右肺27例。4种栓塞类型42例中心型,98例偏心型,26例附壁血栓型,30例完全堵塞型。中高危组RVD/LVD、RV-LD/LV-LD、Qanadli栓塞指数显著高于低危组(P<0.05)。中高危组血清ADAM15、GRP78水平显著高于低危组(P<0.05)。根据Pearson相关性分析得知,血清ADAM15与GRP78呈正相关(P<0.05),二者均与RVD/LVD、RVLD/LV-LD、Qanadli栓塞指数呈正相关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析得知ADAM15、GRP78、RVD/LVD、RV-LD/LV-LD、Qanadli栓塞指数为影响中高危APE患者的危险因素(P<0.05)。根据ROC曲线得知,血清ADAM15、GRP78、RVD/LVD、RVLD/LV-LD和Qanadli栓塞指数五者联合诊断中高危APE的AUC为0.990,五者联合优于各自单独诊断(Z_(联合vs ADAM15)=2.691、Z_(联合vs GRP78)=2.578、Z_(联合vs RVD/LVD)=2.710、Z_(联合vs RV-LD/LV-LD)=2.714、Z联合vs Qanadli栓塞指数=2.698,P均<0.05)。结论血清ADAM15、GRP78在APE患者中显著升高,二者联合CTPA可提高对APE的诊断价值。

首次复治菌阳肺结核合并糖尿病患者血清IAP、25(OH)D水平及对疗效的预测价值

目的探讨首次复治菌阳肺结核(TB)合并糖尿病(DM)患者血清免疫抑制酸性蛋白(IAP)、25-羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]表达变化及2者对治疗疗效的预测价值。方法选取本院2019年1月至2022年4月首次复治菌阳TB合并DM患者48例为实验组,另选同期单纯TB患者48例为对照组。测定并比较两组患者治疗前后血清IAP、25(OH)D水平;多因素Logistic回归分析影响菌阳TB合并DM患者痰菌阴转的可能因素;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估IAP、25(OH)D对患者痰菌未转阴的预测价值。结果实验组痰菌阴转患者31例(64.58%)显著低于对照组痰菌阴转患者40例(83.33%)。治疗2个月后,实验组、对照组血清IAP均显著降低,25(OH)D水平均显著升高(P<0.05);且治疗2个月后实验组血清IAP水平显著低于对照组,25(OH)D水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,IAP高水平是首次复治菌阳TB合并DM患者痰菌未阴转的危险因素(P<0.05),25(OH)D高水平是首次复治菌阳TB合并DM患者痰菌未阴转的保护因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,IAP预测痰菌未阴转的AUC为0.719,25(OH)D预测痰菌未阴转的AUC为0.791,2者联合预测痰菌未阴转的AUC为0.871,明显高于2者单独诊断(Z_(联合vs IAP)=2.605、P=0.009;Z_(联合vs 25(OH)D)=2.408、P=0.016),且灵敏度、特异性分别为78.46%、82.86%。结论首次复治菌阳TB合并DM患者经治疗后血清IAP水平降低、25(OH)D水平升高,2者联合对菌阳TB合并DM患者痰菌未阴转具有一定预测价值。

老年糖尿病合并肺部感染患者病原菌分布及血清HSP70、HMGB1水平与病情严重程度和预后的关系

目的探讨老年糖尿病合并肺部感染患者病原菌分布情况,分析血清热休克蛋白70(HSP70)、高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)水平与病情严重程度和预后的关系。方法选择2021年1月—2023年11月西安交通大学第一附属医院呼吸内科与危重症医学科收治的2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并肺部感染患者253例为研究对象,根据出院时预后情况分为预后良好组(n=191)和预后不良组(n=62)。鉴定患者痰液中病原菌并检测血清HSP70和HMGB1水平;采用多因素Logistic回归分析老年T2DM合并肺部感染预后的影响因素;受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析血清HSP70和HMGB1水平对老年T2DM合并肺部感染预后的预测价值。结果预后不良组患者年龄、空腹血糖(FPG)、高血压、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)及病情重度占比显著高于预后良好组(t/χ^(2)/P=6.251/<0.001、14.949/<0.001、4.666/0.031、5.827/0.016、16.530/<0.001)。253例患者痰标本中共检出病原菌株298株,其中革兰阴性菌占比65.10%(194/298)、革兰阳性菌占比28.86%(86/298)、真菌占比6.04%(18/298)。预后不良组血清HSP70和HMGB1水平明显高于预后良好组(t=11.672、13.069,P均<0.001)。血清HSP70和HMGB1水平比较,重度>中度>轻度患者(F=54.146、231.257,P均<0.001);多因素Logistic回归显示,年龄大、HSP70高、HMGB1高、FPG高、COPD及严重程度重均为老年T2DM合并肺部感染预后的危险因素[OR(95%CI)=1.322(1.015~1.722)、1.993(1.336~2.973)、1.754(1.302~2.363)、1.876(1.401~2.512)、3.016(1.798~5.060)、3.956(2.208~7.718)];血清HSP70、HMGB1及二者联合预测老年T2DM合并肺部感染预后的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.785、0.772、0.897,二者联合优于各自单独预测效能(Z=3.452、3.297,P均<0.001)。结论血清HSP70、HMGB1水平与老年T2DM合并肺部感染严重程度和预后密切相关,二者联合对其预后具有较高预测价值。