BlotMan is a protein blotting device that allows generating multiple membranes from a single polyacrylamide gel. To transfer all proteins uniformly with the same efficiency regardless of protein size, BlotMan employs ...BlotMan is a protein blotting device that allows generating multiple membranes from a single polyacrylamide gel. To transfer all proteins uniformly with the same efficiency regardless of protein size, BlotMan employs pulse-width-modulated (PWM) voltage that applies a higher average voltage to a larger protein species. BlotMan can be controlled not only by its custom-made interface but also by a smart phone via Bluetooth technology. In this study, we examined effects of PWM signals (50%, 60%, and 80% duty cycle) on transfer efficiency and signal intensity in comparison to a constant voltage signal (100% duty cycle). The result revealed that in response to the same average voltage of 150 V, a lower duty cycle with a higher maximum voltage increased transfer efficiency as well as sharpness of transferred proteins. We validated BlotMan’s capability using a chondrosarcoma cell line (SW1353 cells) and a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB231 cells) in response to antitumor chemical agents. BlotMan successfully generated 5 membranes from a single gel and detected 5 protein species such as c-Src, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2), phosphorylated eIF2, lamin B, and actin. Collectively, we demonstrated herein that BlotMan reduces an amount of protein samples by generating multiple membranes from a single gel and improving signal intensity with PWM voltage signals.展开更多
Since the poor performance of orthogonal binary Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) compared with binary Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), this paper presents a new modulation scheme named Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for...Since the poor performance of orthogonal binary Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) compared with binary Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), this paper presents a new modulation scheme named Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for Impulse Radio Ultra-WideBand (IR-UWB) communication systems. This modulation scheme uses pulses with equal amplitude and different widths to carry different information. The receiver employs differences between similarity coefficients among these pulses to distinguish different information. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results verify that this novel scheme has a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) gain of about 1.75 dB compared with or- thogonal binary PPM, and has an SNR loss of about 1.4 dB compared with binary PAM. Although both the theoretical analysis and simulations are based on time-hopping multiple access, this modulation scheme can also be applied to other accessing techniques of UWB communication systems.展开更多
提出一种可根据负载变化在脉冲宽度调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)和脉冲频率调制(pulse frequency modulation,PFM)两种工作模式间自动切换的降压DC-DC芯片的设计法,推导出临界切换状态下的负载电流值表达式,在此基础上设计了一种PW...提出一种可根据负载变化在脉冲宽度调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)和脉冲频率调制(pulse frequency modulation,PFM)两种工作模式间自动切换的降压DC-DC芯片的设计法,推导出临界切换状态下的负载电流值表达式,在此基础上设计了一种PWM/PFM自动切换的DC-DC芯片.该系统在较大的负载变化范围内均具有较高效率.展开更多
为了揭示 PWM 开关变换器输出电压出现低频波动的规律,基于电感电流和输出电压包络的波动频率远低于变换器的开关频率的假设,建立了变换器中电感电流和输出电压包络的微分方程,并在 s 域进行分析,得出了变换器的闭环输出-输入电压传递函...为了揭示 PWM 开关变换器输出电压出现低频波动的规律,基于电感电流和输出电压包络的波动频率远低于变换器的开关频率的假设,建立了变换器中电感电流和输出电压包络的微分方程,并在 s 域进行分析,得出了变换器的闭环输出-输入电压传递函数,采用胡尔维茨稳定判据得出了变换器的稳定条件,分析结果表明:反馈环节的滞后是造成变换器输出电压出现低频波动的原因。采用零极点分析的方法确定了变换器低频波动的频率,利用变换器拓扑结构的约束关系,得出了变换器低频波动的幅值。采用SPICE 仿真和实验的方法验证了理论分析结果的正确性。展开更多
有选择性的消谐波脉宽调制Selective H arm onic Elim inated-PW M ,简称SH E-PW M )方法具有开关频率小、输出波形质量好和调制比高的特点,是一种频率最优化的PW M 调制方法。本文在介绍三电平SH E-PW M 方法原理的基础上,讨论了如何采...有选择性的消谐波脉宽调制Selective H arm onic Elim inated-PW M ,简称SH E-PW M )方法具有开关频率小、输出波形质量好和调制比高的特点,是一种频率最优化的PW M 调制方法。本文在介绍三电平SH E-PW M 方法原理的基础上,讨论了如何采用DSP LF2407A 实现三电平SH E-PW M 调制的问题。实验结果验证了SH E-PW M 方法的特点。展开更多
考虑到传统二极管钳位型和电容钳位型拓扑应用于6 k V/10 k V高压变频领域时存在的诸多问题,提出了一种有源中点钳位式(ANPC)5电平变流器选择谐波消除脉宽调制(SHE-PWM)控制方法。在分析了ANPC 5电平拓扑各桥臂的基本结构的基础上,建立...考虑到传统二极管钳位型和电容钳位型拓扑应用于6 k V/10 k V高压变频领域时存在的诸多问题,提出了一种有源中点钳位式(ANPC)5电平变流器选择谐波消除脉宽调制(SHE-PWM)控制方法。在分析了ANPC 5电平拓扑各桥臂的基本结构的基础上,建立了ANPC拓扑相关数学模型;分析了5电平SHE-PWM的基本原理,构建了以消除低次谐波为目标的非线性方程组,并基于牛顿迭代法给出N=7时的SHE-PWM相关解域;针对ANPC拓扑存在的飞跨电容稳压问题,分析了飞跨电容的稳压原理,进而给出了冗余电压矢量调度方式。样机实验结果表明,所提ANPC 5电平拓扑SHE-PWM控制方法实现了低开关频率下变流系统的高效控制,在消除系统低次谐波的基础上,保证了直流电容和飞跨电容的稳压效果。展开更多
文摘BlotMan is a protein blotting device that allows generating multiple membranes from a single polyacrylamide gel. To transfer all proteins uniformly with the same efficiency regardless of protein size, BlotMan employs pulse-width-modulated (PWM) voltage that applies a higher average voltage to a larger protein species. BlotMan can be controlled not only by its custom-made interface but also by a smart phone via Bluetooth technology. In this study, we examined effects of PWM signals (50%, 60%, and 80% duty cycle) on transfer efficiency and signal intensity in comparison to a constant voltage signal (100% duty cycle). The result revealed that in response to the same average voltage of 150 V, a lower duty cycle with a higher maximum voltage increased transfer efficiency as well as sharpness of transferred proteins. We validated BlotMan’s capability using a chondrosarcoma cell line (SW1353 cells) and a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB231 cells) in response to antitumor chemical agents. BlotMan successfully generated 5 membranes from a single gel and detected 5 protein species such as c-Src, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2), phosphorylated eIF2, lamin B, and actin. Collectively, we demonstrated herein that BlotMan reduces an amount of protein samples by generating multiple membranes from a single gel and improving signal intensity with PWM voltage signals.
文摘Since the poor performance of orthogonal binary Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) compared with binary Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), this paper presents a new modulation scheme named Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for Impulse Radio Ultra-WideBand (IR-UWB) communication systems. This modulation scheme uses pulses with equal amplitude and different widths to carry different information. The receiver employs differences between similarity coefficients among these pulses to distinguish different information. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results verify that this novel scheme has a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) gain of about 1.75 dB compared with or- thogonal binary PPM, and has an SNR loss of about 1.4 dB compared with binary PAM. Although both the theoretical analysis and simulations are based on time-hopping multiple access, this modulation scheme can also be applied to other accessing techniques of UWB communication systems.
文摘提出一种可根据负载变化在脉冲宽度调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)和脉冲频率调制(pulse frequency modulation,PFM)两种工作模式间自动切换的降压DC-DC芯片的设计法,推导出临界切换状态下的负载电流值表达式,在此基础上设计了一种PWM/PFM自动切换的DC-DC芯片.该系统在较大的负载变化范围内均具有较高效率.
文摘有选择性的消谐波脉宽调制Selective H arm onic Elim inated-PW M ,简称SH E-PW M )方法具有开关频率小、输出波形质量好和调制比高的特点,是一种频率最优化的PW M 调制方法。本文在介绍三电平SH E-PW M 方法原理的基础上,讨论了如何采用DSP LF2407A 实现三电平SH E-PW M 调制的问题。实验结果验证了SH E-PW M 方法的特点。
文摘考虑到传统二极管钳位型和电容钳位型拓扑应用于6 k V/10 k V高压变频领域时存在的诸多问题,提出了一种有源中点钳位式(ANPC)5电平变流器选择谐波消除脉宽调制(SHE-PWM)控制方法。在分析了ANPC 5电平拓扑各桥臂的基本结构的基础上,建立了ANPC拓扑相关数学模型;分析了5电平SHE-PWM的基本原理,构建了以消除低次谐波为目标的非线性方程组,并基于牛顿迭代法给出N=7时的SHE-PWM相关解域;针对ANPC拓扑存在的飞跨电容稳压问题,分析了飞跨电容的稳压原理,进而给出了冗余电压矢量调度方式。样机实验结果表明,所提ANPC 5电平拓扑SHE-PWM控制方法实现了低开关频率下变流系统的高效控制,在消除系统低次谐波的基础上,保证了直流电容和飞跨电容的稳压效果。
